灌水量对不同类型晚稻生育及产量影响的初步研究

采取盆栽遮雨人工定量灌水的方法,探讨了常规晚稻和杂交晚稻前后两大生育时期不同灌水量对生育和产量的影响.结果表明:两类型晚稻品种前后两个生育时期节水灌溉都能达到高产之目的,但不同类型和不同生育时期的最佳灌水量和节水效果不同.     

Effects of day and night temperature on photosynthesis,antioxidant enzyme activities,and endogenous hormones in tomato leaves during the flowering stage

To study the effects of day and night temperature difference (DIF) on tomato growth, a controlled experiment using Solanum lycopersicum L., cv. Jinguan 5 was conducted. The daily mean temperature (T_m) was maintained at 18°C and 25°C, and the DIF was set at 0°C, 6°C, and 12°C. The results indicated that chlorophyll a (Chl a) and chlorophyll b (Chl b) gradually increased as DIF rose. At 18°C T_m, the carotenoid content reached a maximum at 12°C DIF. The Chl a/Chl b, net photosynthetic rate (P_N), photosynthetic rate at irradiation saturation (P_max), stomatal conductance (g_s), intercellular CO₂ concentration (C_i), stomatal limitation value, the maximum assimilation rate (A_max), apparent quantum efficiency (A_q), carboxylation efficiency (C_e), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), gibberellin A₃ (GA₃), and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) were highest, while malondialdehyde (MDA) was lowest at 6°C DIF. At 25°C T_m, P_N, P_max, A_max, A_q, C_e, g_s, C_i, CAT, POD, GA₃, IAA, and zeatin reached the maximum under 6°C DIF, while SOD and MDA reached the maximum under 12°C DIF. Furthermore, the morphological index peaked at 6°C DIF under 18°C and 25°C T_m. The results suggested that 6°C DIF improved the growth and development of tomato during the flowering stage. ABBREVIATIONS: Aq – apparent quantum efficiency; Amax – the maximum assimilation rate; CAT – Catalase; Chl a(b) – chlorophyll a(b); Ca – ambient CO₂ concentration; Ce – carboxylation efficiency; Ci – intercellular CO₂ concentration; DIF – difference between day temperature (TD) and night temperature(TN); FM – fresh mass; gs – stomatal conductance; GA₃ – gibberellin A₃; IAA – indole-3-acetic acid; Ls – stomatal limitation value; MDA – malondialdehyde; Pmax – photosynthetic rate at irradiation saturation; PN – net photosynthetic rate; POD – peroxidase; ROS – reactive oxygen species; SOD – superoxidedismutase; Tm – daily mean temperature; ZT – zeatin.     

Responses of labile soil organic carbon and enzyme activity in mineral soils to forest conversion in the subtropics

Aims

Globally, extensive areas of native forest have been almost replaced by plantations to meet the demands for timber, fuel material and other forest products. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of forest conversion on labile soil organic C (SOC), soil respiration, and enzyme activity, and to quantify their relationship in subtropical forest ecosystems.

Methods

Surface mineral soil (0–20 cm) was collected from a Cunninghamia lanceolata Hook. plantation, Pinus massoniana Lamb. plantation, Michelia macclurei Dandy plantation, and an undisturbed native broadleaf forest. Soil microbial biomass C, dissolved organic C, permanganate-oxidizable C, basal respiration, and six enzyme activities were investigated.

Results

Soil microbial biomass C was higher by 45.9 % in native broadleaf forest than that in M. macclurei Dandy plantation. The ratio of soil microbial biomass C to total SOC was 27.6 % higher in the M. macclurei Dandy plantation than in the native broadleaf forest. The soil respiration increased by 25.2 % and 21.7 % after conversion from native broadleaf forest to P. massoniana Lamb. and M. macclurei Dandy plantations respectively. The effects of forest conversion on the soil enzyme activities differed among the tree species. Soil microbial biomass C had higher correlation with soil respiration than with the other SOC fractions. Moreover, soil microbial biomass C was positively correlated with urease and negatively correlated with cellulase activity. Soil respiration had higher correlation with soil microbial biomass C, dissolved organic C and permanganate-oxidizable C.

Conclusion

Forest conversion affected the soil microbial biomass C, soil respiration, invertase, cellulase, urease, catalase, acid phosphatase, and polyphenol oxidase activities, but their response depended on tree species. Soil respiration was mainly controlled by labile SOC, not by total SOC.     

生物质微米燃料富氧燃烧特性分析

采用热重分析法对生物质微米燃料在不同体积分数氧条件下的燃烧特性进行研究,结果表明:随着氧体积分数的增加,生物质微米燃料的挥发分初析出温度、着火温度和燃尽温度不断降低,可燃性增强;平均和最大质量损失速率呈增加趋势,提高了燃烧强度.燃烧特性指数随着氧体积分数的增加而变大,当氧体积分数达到60%后,改善趋势变缓.     

中国橡胶树种植区台风灾害危险性分区

【目的】台风灾害已经成为影响中国橡胶树种植和橡胶产业发展的主要气候因素,因此开展橡胶树种植区台风灾害危险性区划将能有效提高天然橡胶产业应对气象灾害的防御能力。【方法】根据西太平洋台风路径数据集和中国橡胶树种植分布,利用 ArcGIS 软件提取了中国橡胶主产区内台风路径、频次、平均风速、最大风速等信息,通过建立橡胶树台风灾害综合危险指数模型,得到中国橡胶树种植区内台风灾害危险性分布图。【结果】中国橡胶树种植台风灾害高危险区分布在海南三亚、陵水、万宁、文昌,广东徐闻、电白、湛江等地,台风灾害综合危险指数为（27,48］;中危险区主要分布在海南岛南部,广东阳江、茂名,福建诏安等地,台风灾害综合危险指数为（12,27］;较低危险区主要分布在海南岛中、西部,广东信宜、廉江,广西北海、玉林、陆川,福建云霄、长泰等地,台风灾害综合危险指数为（4,12］;低危险区主要分布在云南境内,台风灾害综合危险指数为［1,4］。【结论】研究结果可为橡胶树种植区台风灾害防御和橡胶树合理种植提供决策依据。     

赣中北界引种罗汉果的生育表现

罗汉果原产广西北部,早在1981年我省赣南已获引种成功.1986年起,罗汉果引种由赣南推向赣北,经过几年试种,单株挂果比原产地高出5个,品质较原产地更好。干果:一级枝 Vc 含量194.8mg/100g、总糖含量17.91%;二级枝 Vc 含量210.1mg/100g、总糖含量16.95%.Vc含量比原产地高出53%,总糖含量比原产地高出2%～39.8%。赣中北界引种罗汉果的成功是目前我国纬度较北的地区,这充分说明,无论山区、丘陵、平原都存在农业气候相似的区域。因此,在较高纬度地区也存在着可能种植罗汉果的区域。     

白丝羽乌骨鸡的选育进展与冠型效应

通过对白丝羽乌骨鸡的复冠父系和单冠母系进行家系选育 5个世代 ,在早期体重、孵化性能、开产性能及产蛋量方面得到了明显进展 ,而且可见单冠在这些性状上的正向效应。尤其是产蛋性能上的选育进展非常明显 ,开产后头 4个月产蛋量增加了 1倍左右 ,30 0日龄产蛋量达到 110个左右 ,5 0 0日龄产蛋量超过 2 2 0个。     

信息时代医院图书馆的作用与发展策略

图书馆的基本功能是信息保障和信息服务。医院图书馆是医学科技文献的基地,是提高医院的医疗、教学、科研、管理水平的重要支柱,是医院文化建设和继续教育以及现代化建设的重要阵地,应从力争医院全方位的支持、加强学科建设、深化服务和数字化资源建设,引进复合型人才以及创新服务模式。     

T-RFLP分析技术在肉鸡肠道微生物研究中的应用

本文阐述了末端限制性片段长度多态性(T-RFLP)分析技术的基本原理和技术路线,讨论了应用T-RFLP分析技术相对于应用传统方法研究肉鸡肠道微生物的优势,总结了应用T-RFLP分析技术研究肉鸡肠道微生物的发展历程,分析了应用T-RFLP分析技术研究肉鸡肠道微生物存在的问题及解决方法,并对其应用前景进行了展望.     

重庆市植烟区不同肥力植烟土壤氮素矿化特性研究

通过室内培养试验研究了重庆市植烟区不同肥力植烟土壤氮素矿化规律,求得土壤氮素矿化参数,并探讨了氮素矿化潜势（N0）、有机质、全氮、pH、碱解氮之间的关系。结果表明,在35℃条件下培养,一级动力学方程能够很好的拟合氮素的矿化过程,相关系数均达到显著水平（r高肥力土=0.976、r中肥力土=0.986、r低肥力土=0.996）,不同肥力土壤氮素矿化量存在显著差异。矿化潜势(N0)为：高肥力土（25.0mg?kg-1±0.60）﹥中肥力土（21.5mg?kg-1±0.61）﹥低肥力土（19.7mg?kg-1±1.14）;矿化速率（k）为：低肥力土（0.1596mg?kg-1?d-1±0.0104）﹥中肥力土（0.1492mg?kg-1?d-1±0.0155）﹥高肥力土（0.1029mg?kg-1?d-1±0.0071）。矿化潜势(N0)与全氮、有机质呈正相关,相关系数分别为0.9799和0.9788,与pH之间呈负相关（R=-0.9784）。表明不同肥力植烟土壤的供氮能力存在差异,在肥料管理上要因土、因时施肥。