海南岛甘什岭热带低地雨林植物组成与地理成分

为揭示海南岛甘什岭热带低地雨林区域植物群落特征、性质和规律,以期为进一步分析生物多样性保育与恢复策略及生态服务功能评估等提供科学依据,在海南岛南部甘什岭自然保护区选择典型低地雨林建立1 hm~2固定样地,进行立地因子和植被调查,并研究其物种组成与地理成分。结果表明:维管植物隶属于65科150属213种,种子植物63科148属211种,分别占海南岛和全国种子植物总科、属、种的32.66%、19.29%,13.56%、4.69%和7.65%、0.78%~0.81%;优势科明显,单种科36个,寡种科24个,共占总科数的92.31%;属内种的变化范围为1~6,单种属最多,占总数的76.00%;科和属的分布区类型均以泛热带分布为主,热带性质占绝对优势,这不同于尖峰岭山地雨林热带-亚热带过度性明显的特点;根据种-面积曲线研究表明,甘什岭热带低地雨林最小取样面积为范围在3 600~6 400 m~2之间,其上限高于海南岛霸王岭热带山地雨林的4 000 m~2最小面积;相较于山地雨林,其植物种类较丰富,地理成分更复杂。     

新型脱叶剂欣噻利在赣北棉花上的应用效果初报

为考察新型脱叶剂欣噻利在赣北的使用效果,以中棉所425为试验材料,进行脱叶剂处理试验。结果表明: 喷施欣噻利1800～2700 mL·hm^－2有较好的脱叶催熟效果,在此范围内其剂量越大,脱叶催熟的效果越好;喷施欣噻利对棉花铃重、铃壳质量、衣分以及纤维品质没有显著影响。     

Mechanism of JAK2-STAT3 signaling pathway in ischemic postconditio-ning neuroprotection after cerebral ischemia in tree shrews

AIM: To investigate the regulatory effect of JAK2-STAT3 signaling pathway on the neuroprotection of ischemic postconditioning (IPoC) in tree shrews, and to explore the mechanisms of cerebral injury deterioration after inhibiting the JAK2-STAT3 pathway. METHODS: The model of thrombotic cerebral ischemia was induced by photochemical reaction in tree shrews and the IPoC was established at 4 h after ischemia followed by clipping ipsilateral common carotid artery on the ischemia side for 5 min (3 times). After IPoC and intracerebroventricular injection of AG490 (JAK2 inhibitor), the changes of cerebral infarction area were detected by TTC staining, and the histological and ultrastructural changes of cortical neurons were observed under light and electron microscopes, respectively. The protein levels of t-STAT3 and p-STAT3 in the cortical tissue were determined by Western blot. RESULTS: The neuronal pycnosis, mitochondrial swelling and vanish of the mitochondrial cristae were found in cortical cortex, and the infarction area was (24.78±3.30)% at 24 h after cerebral ischemia. Meanwhile, the phosphorylation level of STAT3 protein in the cortical tissue was significantly increased (P<0.01). The cortical neuronal damage and mitochondrial swelling were decreased after IPoC, the area of cerebral infarction was significantly reduced to (17.67±1.83)% (P<0.01), and the phosphorylation level of STAT3 protein was further increased (P<0.01). However, the neuronal damage was aggravated, the infarction area was expanded to (23.85±2.77)%(P<0.05) after treatment with AG490, and the phosphorylation level of STAT3 protein was also significantly reduced (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: IPoC may reduce cerebral injury by regulating the phosphorylation of STAT3 protein, and inhibition of JAK2-STAT3 signaling pathway may counteract the cerebral protective effect of IPoC and aggravate brain injury.     

Effect of tetrandrine on radiosensitivity of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells

AIM: To investigate the mechanism of the radiosensitizing effect of maximum non-cytotoxic doses of tetrandrine (Tet) on nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell lines CNE1 and CNE2.METHODS: The cells were treated with ma-ximum non-cytotoxic doses of Tet (for CNE1 cells at 1.5 μmol/L and for CNE2 cells at 1.8 μmol/L), irradiation at 4 Gy, or combination of irradiation and maximum non-cytotoxic doses of Tet. The cell cycle distribution was analyzed by flow cytometry. The protein levels of γ-H2AX, cleaved caspase-3, p-CDC25C, CDK1, p-CDK1, cyclin B1, ERK and p-ERK were determined by Western blot.RESULTS: The expression of γ-H2AX was increased in CNE1 cells and CNE2 cells after combined treatment with irradiation and maximum non-cytotoxic doses of Tet. The percentages of CNE1 cells and CNE2 cells at G₂/M phase in irradiation group were (18.09±0.42)% and (18.48±1.32)%, respectively, which were decreased to (15.88±1.04)% and (13.80±0.82)% in combined treatment group, respectively (P<0.05). Combined treatment enhanced the increase in the protein level of cleaved caspase-3 caused by irradiation. The protein levels of p-CDC25C and p-CDK1 were increased in a dose-dependent manner by Tet treatment (P<0.05), while the expression of CDK1 showed no difference among different doses of Tet treatments. The protein levels of p-CDC25C, p-CDK1 and CDK1 showed no difference after the treatment with maximum non-cytotoxic doses of Tet. The combined treatment with irradiation and the maximum non-cytotoxic doses of Tet decreased the protein levels of p-CDC25C and p-CDK1 (P<0.05), increased the expression of cyclin B1, and had no influence on the expression of CDK1 (P<0.05). The combined treatment resulted in an increase in the protein level of p-ERK1 (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: The maximum non-cytotoxic doses of Tet enhance the DNA damage and apoptosis in CNE1 cells and CNE2 cells caused by irradiation, and the mechanism might be associated with ending of G₂/M arrest via activation of ERK/CDC25C/CDK1/cyclin B1 pathways.     

添加矿粉对农业废弃物育苗基质化学性质的影响

秸秆和畜禽粪便等农业废弃物代替草炭生产的育苗基质因存在小分子有机酸、铵态氮含量高等问题而影响到种子发芽和幼苗的生长。为改善这类育苗基质对种子发芽和幼苗生长的不良影响,以杨凌某公司生产的基质(该基质以菌糠、锯末、畜禽粪便等为主要原料)为材料,通过添加一种矿粉进行培养和育苗试验,研究矿粉添加比例对基质化学性质和小白菜(Brassica chinensis L.)发芽和生理指标的影响。结果表明:添加矿粉使基质的pH提高、NH_4~+-N/NO_3~--N比值和丁酸含量减小;与对照(不添加矿粉)相比,在矿粉添加比例为7%的条件下,小白菜发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数分别提高了35%、22.87%、34.6%;根际活力、叶绿素含量分别提高70.2%、32.1%,达到差异显著水平。     

乌腺金丝桃ISSR反应体系的构建及其遗传多样性分析

以14份乌腺金丝桃为试材,采用L_(16)(4~5)正交实验设计,建立并优化乌腺金丝桃的ISSR-PCR反应体系,并利用优化的反应体系分析供试材料间的遗传多样性。结果表明:20μL ISSR-PCR反应体系中应含有Taq DNA聚合酶1.0U,dNTPs 0.2mmol·L~(-1),Mg~(2+)2.0mmol·L~(-1),模板DNA 45ng。从45条ISSR引物中筛选出11条多态性引物,利用筛选的多态引物对14份乌腺金丝桃材料进行了ISSR遗传多样性分析,共扩增出85条带,其中多态性条带57条,占67.06%;4个乌腺金丝桃居群的遗传相似系数介于0.375 1~0.725 2,平均值为0.541 6;通过UPGMA进行聚类分析表明,14份材料可分为3个类群4个亚群。乌腺金丝桃居群间遗传多样性水平明显高于居群内,其遗传距离与地理距离具有一定的相关性。     

陕西省人体舒适度变化及其对气象因子的响应

利用陕西省96个国家气象站多年逐日观测资料,统计分析人体舒适度指数(CIHB),探讨各种环境因素对人体冷热舒适程度的影响,结果表明:①陕西省1981—2016年舒适度和舒适等级日数均成北少南多,并且随海拔的升高而降低的变化特点,其中汉中等9站舒适等级日数多年平均大于200 d,榆林等7站舒适等级日数多年平均小于120 d;②各区域舒适频率呈现明显的单峰分布,陕北7—8月舒适等级频率较高,关中6—8月舒适等级频率较高,陕南6—9月舒适等级频率较高;③全省历年平均CIHB为45. 7,舒适等级日数92. 4 d,CIHB和舒适等级日数均在1998—1999年和2008—2009年出现2次峰值;④气温与舒适度指数的相关性极显著,相关系数高达0. 960 5,平均风速与CHIB显著负相关,气温较高时相对湿度与舒适度指数显著正相关。     

寄主植物中抑制十字花科黑腐病菌Ⅲ型分泌系统小分子化合物的鉴定

 寻找抑制植物病原菌III型分泌系统的植物源活性小分子化合物,是研发生物安全农药的重要途径之一。本研究采用水煮提取法从十字花科黑腐病菌寄主植物满身红萝卜中提取分离活性小分子化合物,利用高效液相-质谱联用解析出活性物质的单体结构。然后用荧光素酶基因luxAB构建融合报告系统以及定量PCR检测活性物质对十字花科黑腐病菌III型分泌系统的抑制效果,最后采用剪叶接种和压渗接种的方法研究活性小分子物质对十字花科黑腐病菌的生防作用。研究表明,植物鞘氨醇和二氢鞘氨醇对十字花科黑腐病菌III型分泌系统基因的转录表达有一定程度的抑制作用,但是对I、II、IV型分泌系统基因的表达没有明显的抑制作用。植物鞘氨醇在XCM1上影响菌的生长,而二氢鞘氨醇不影响菌的生长。同时,还发现这两种物质能显著降低Xcc在寄主植株满身红萝卜上的病害症状以及能够使Xcc在非寄主植物辣椒上引起过敏反应的能力丧失。该研究结果为深入研究小分子化合物对十字花科黑腐病菌III型分泌系统的作用机制及后续开发植物源抑制剂提供了一定的理论依据。     

推进管理改革，促进行业发展——山东省农药管理工作改革纪实与问题探讨

本文介绍了山东省各级农业农村部门在农药管理的机构体系建设、行政许可落实、技术支撑强化等工作的改革进展变化;分析了农药管理与行业发展面临的新形势与新问题,研究探讨了农药管理的创新与经验。