复硝酚钠和DA-6对生姜生长及产量品质的影响

在大田栽培条件下,研究了新型植物生长调节剂复硝酚钠、DA-6对生姜生长、产量及品质的影响。结果表明,复硝酚钠、DA-6均可显著促进生姜的生长,但生长前期以促进根系生长的效果最为显著|随着生长的进行,生姜植株各器官鲜质量亦显著高于对照。生姜收获时,复硝酚钠、DA-6处理的生姜株高分别比对照增加11.59%和14.02%,分枝数分别增加24.59%和28.69%,产量分别提高18.53%和22.30%,但复硝酚钠、DA-6处理间差异不显著。此外,复硝酚钠、DA-6还不同程度地提高了生姜根茎淀粉、可溶性蛋白及氨基酸含量。     

赤霉素和磷肥配合施用对胡麻光合酶活性及其产量形成的影响

为探究赤霉素和磷肥配合施用对胡麻叶片光合酶活性以及籽粒产量的影响,以‘轮选2号’为材料,采用田间二因素裂区试验设计,研究了不同磷肥用量水平(P₀:0 kg·hm^-2 P₂O₅,P₁:67.5 kg·hm^-2 P₂O₅,P₂:135 kg·hm^-2 P₂O₅)和赤霉素(Gibberellin acid, GA₃)喷施浓度(G₀:0 mg L^-1,G₁:15 mg·L^-1,G₂:30 mg·L^-1)对胡麻光合同化酶活性、干物质积累量及籽粒产量的影响。结果表明：施磷和喷施赤霉素均显著提高了胡麻叶片RuBP(Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate)、PEP(Phospho...     

青霉菌灭活菌丝体诱导烟草对黑胫病的抗性研究

以青霉菌灭活菌丝体(Drymycelium of Penicillium chrysogenum,DMPC)作为有机肥进行了诱导烟草抗黑胫病的温室试验.研究结果表明,烟草经青霉菌灭活菌丝体诱导处理后,其黑胫病发病率及病情指数明显降低,防治效果明显,而且防治效果与青霉菌灭活菌丝体浓度及处理时间有关;烟草过氧化物酶(POD)和多酚氧化酶(PPO)等2种细胞防御酶活性提高,对黑胫病的抗性增强.     

草坪常用化学药剂对昆虫病原线虫存活和侵染率的影响

测定了草坪上常用的14种化学药剂对蝼蛄斯氏线、长尾斯氏线虫X-7品系和小卷蛾斯氏线虫All品系存活和侵染率的影响。杀虫剂乙酰甲胺磷在高浓度和推荐浓度下对蝼蛄斯氏线虫、长尾斯氏线虫和小卷蛾斯氏线虫的致死率分别为21％和9．5％，13％和5．5％，5．5％和2％；敌百虫在高浓度和推荐浓度下对蝼蛄斯氏线虫的致死率分别高达94．5％和92．5％，在高浓度下对长尾斯氏线虫的致死率为8％，对小卷蛾斯氏线虫没有明显致死作用；克蛾宝对3种线虫的致死作用均比乙酰甲胺磷和敌百虫低。杀菌剂对3种线虫的存活均无影响。除草剂2，4-D丁酯对3种线虫低浓度和高浓度下致死率分别为2％、6％、3．5％和5％、85．5％、6％。经化学药剂处理24h后的线虫侵染黄粉虫9-11龄幼虫，对线虫存活没有影响或者影响较小的化学药剂对线虫的侵染率都没有明显的影响，但剂型为10％可湿性粉剂的吡虫啉对长尾斯氏线虫，以及高浓度的2，4-D丁酯对小卷蛾斯氏线虫的侵染率有明显抑制作用。     

橘皮叶黄素提取及性质研究

以橘皮为试材,采用超声波辅助提取工艺对橘皮中叶黄素进行了研究。结果表明:橘皮叶黄素在可见光范围内的最大吸收峰为448nm,L9(34)正交实验确定了影响叶黄素提取效果的最主要因素是提取温度,并得出橘皮叶黄素提取的最佳工艺条件是丙酮浓度60%、料液比1∶15kg·L~(-1)、提取时间60min、提取温度60℃。同时研究光照强度、pH、金属离子、温度、氧化剂和还原剂对叶黄素稳定性的影响。强光、较低pH、不同金属离子、高温、维生素C均对橘皮叶黄素有一定的降解作用。     

闽南—台湾浅滩渔场中国枪乌贼生物学特性研究

头足类是最具开发潜力的渔业种群之一,然而其资源易受环境变化影响,复杂的交互作用致使二者空间关系呈现非均一性。中国枪乌贼 (Uroteuthis chinensis) 是南海北部近海重要的经济物种,且在渔业群落结构中占据优势种地位,故正确理解与掌握该物种资源-环境关系的空间特征,有助于该资源的保护与利用。基于南海北部近海2014年夏季的渔业资源调查数据,构建了地理权重回归模型 (Geographical weighted regression, GWR),探索该海域中国枪乌贼的资源分布与海洋环境关系的空间特征,阐述主要影响因子。模型评价指标结果表明,GWR的最小赤池信息准则 (Akaike Information Criterion, AIC) 和校正决定系数 (Adjusted R-Squared, Uroteuthis chinensis is an important economic species in the offshore waters of northern South China Sea, occuping a dominant position in the fishery community structure. Therefore, understanding the spatial characteristics of the resource-environment relationship is beneficial to its development, utilization and protection. Based on the fishery resources survey data in the offshore waters of northern South China Sea in summer of 2014, we established a geographically weighted regression (GWR) model to explore the spatial characteristics of the relationship between the resource distribution of U. chinensis and the marine environment in this area, and to reveal the main influencing factors. The results of model evaluation indexes show that the minimum Akaike information criterion (AIC) and adjusted R-Square (SlitCSP2 in chemical communication. The expression levels of SlitCSP2 in larval, pupal, male and female adult tissues were detected by RT-qPCR. The expression levels of SlitCSP2 protein in larval stages, and heads, antennae and legs of male adults were detected by Western blot. The distribution of SlitCSP2 in legs of male adults and larval stages were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. The binding characteristics of SlitCSP2 with 13 nonvolatile compounds were analyzed by fluorescence competition binding assay. RT-qPCR results showed that SlitCSP2 was expressed the highest in the third instar larvae, and gradually decreased from the third to the sixth instar larval stages. In adult stage, SlitCSP2 was expressed the highest in legs and thoraxes of male adults as well as in heads and wings of female adults. Moreover, the expression levels in legs, heads and thoraxes of male adults were significantly higher than those of female adults. Western blot results showed that SlitCSP2 protein was expressed higher in the third instar larvae and heads (without antennae). Immunohistochemistry results showed that SlitCSP2 was mainly distributed in heads, mouthparts and thoracic legs in larval stages. In male adults, SlitCSP2 was mainly distributed in anterior tarsus and the inside of the exoskeleton of legs. Fluorescence competitive binding experiments showed that SlitCSP2 had strong binding ability with tannin (K_i=1.77), anthocyanin (K_i=2.34) and folic acid (K_i=4.56). In this study, the expression characteristics of SlitCSP2 in larval stages and adult tissues were determined. Based on the results of immunolocalization and fluorescence competition, we speculate that SlitCSP2 plays an important role in host selection and detoxification in S. litura.     

我国苹果生产的植保托管需求分析与发展思考

植保环节是种植业产生环境污染和农产品质量安全风险的重要来源,水果是我国种植业的重要组成部分,果园植保高投入的特点使之成为制约种植业绿色发展的瓶颈。我国的水果生产以小农户为主,果园用药普遍存在不合理、不科学的问题,对其用药的管控难以有效实现。基于对主产区300余个苹果种植户的调查访问,首先回顾了我国苹果生产的发展历程和特点,分析了苹果生产中存在的问题,提出了小农户常规栽培管理是造成果园环境污染和水果质量安全隐患的主要原因的观点;其次从社会需要、农户需求、农户意愿3个层面分析了我国小农户苹果生产的植保托管需要,指出了构建果园植保托管体系的必要性;最后从我国水果产业绿色发展的视角,针对政府、服务者、农户3个行为主体提出了建议。     

不同光谱能量分布对冬青试管苗生长的影响

 采用发光二极管(Light-Emitting Diode,LED)调制光质和光量,研究光谱能量分布对冬青试管苗生长的影响,以荧光灯为对照。结果表明：红光LED处理下试管苗的干样质量、生根率、根冠比和根长指标最高;而蓝光LED处理下则最低。绿光LED有利于叶片质量增加。单色红光LED导致试管苗徒长,根系活力和移栽成活率最低,最高值出现在复合光质LED组合中。与荧光灯相比,在能效、干样质量、碳水化合物含量以及SOD和CAT抗氧化酶活性指标上,复合光质LED具有明显优势,有利于培育壮苗并、提高移栽成活率并降低能耗成本。     

集对分析法在区域雨水资源开发利用潜力综合评价中的应用

探讨了区域雨水资源开发利用潜力的综合评价方法,并将集对分析理论应用于该研究,建立了区域雨水资源开发利用潜力综合评价模型。实例分析表明,该方法用于评价区域雨水资源开发利用潜力,方法简单,评价结果符合实际情况。