热休克蛋白在冷应激引起的炎症反应和氧化应激中的调节作用

冬季持续低温引起的冷应激是降低北方畜牧业经济效益和动物福利的重要因素,可诱导动物产生炎症反应和氧化应激危害机体健康。热休克蛋白作为体内重要的分子伴侣蛋白,在维持机体内环境稳态、帮助动物抵抗应激方面有重要作用,低温环境可激活热休克蛋白快速产生,以此在细胞内外对免疫和抗氧化系统发挥重要调节作用：在胞外,具有保护细胞、参与调节免疫细胞功能、激发免疫反应和提高抗氧化酶活性等作用;在胞内,可抑制NF-κB信号通路保护机体免受炎症损伤,上调Nrf2信号通路提高机体抗氧化功能,缓解冷应激对机体造成的负面影响。本文总结了国内外关于在冷应激状态下热休克蛋白对机体免疫和抗氧化功能的调节作用及其机制,并给出部分提高热休克蛋白表达水平的方法,以期为后续畜禽的冷应激理论研究提供参考。     

Cytokine activity in bovine mammary gland secretions during the periparturient period.

The presence of cytokine activity in periparturient bovine mammary secretions was evaluated. Mammary secretions were modified for use in biological assays for interleukin-2 (IL-2) like and antiviral activity. The level of IL-2 like activity in mammary gland secretions was lower during the last week of gestation when compared to levels detected approximately two weeks prepartum. Antiviral titers gradually increased as parturition approached. Results from Western blots indicated that the antiviral activity observed in prepartum secretions may be due to tumor necrosis factor (TNF). Interferons (IFN) were not detected in the colostrum samples.     

烤烟总氮含量和氮碱比与物理性状的关系分析

试验以我国主产烟区的主栽烤烟品种K326为材料,测定X2F(下橘二)等级共计124份样品的总氮、烟碱含量和物理性状,系统地分析总氮含量、氮碱比与物理性状的相互关系。结果表明,总氮含量、氮碱比和物理性状在样品间存在着广泛的变异。总氮含量随单叶重、叶长、叶面密度的增加而逐步下降;氮碱比随叶长、叶宽的增加而上升,随叶面密度的增加而逐渐下降。总氮与叶长、叶面密度的关系可分别用逆函数■=0.827 38.047/x、复合函数■=1.880×0.996x描述;氮碱比与叶宽、叶面密度的关系可分别用复合函数■=0.413×1.023x描述、幂函数描述■=2.791x-0.354。     

土地资源利用现状的区域差异及可持续利用研究——以南京市为例

在科学确定大城市市域土地资源利用现状区域差异指标评价体系的基础上，通过动态聚类方法，以乡（镇）为单位，对南京市郊区和郊县的土地利用现状进行分区，并分析了不同土地利用现状区土地利用特征，提出了不同区域土地资源可持续利用的政策取向     

茎用莴苣品种适应性及适宜密度和栽培方式研究

为了引进适合干旱绿洲区气候环境的茎用莴苣品种,寻求适合该地莴苣种植的最佳密度和栽培模式,于2015年在干旱绿洲区高台县绿色蔬菜产业园区进行了莴苣的品种适应性、适宜密度及栽培方式研究。结果表明:供试品种中W4("14-Q64")的综合表现优于其它品种,种植后75d适收,肉质茎长棒形,茎皮最薄,茎肉最厚,商品率最高,单株质量较对照增加了4.56%。同一种植模式,随着种植密度的增大,株高、茎长、茎粗和单株质量均减小;同一种植密度,起垄栽培的株高、茎长、茎粗和单株质量均大于平畦栽培。综合分析表明,"14-Q64"适合在河西干旱绿洲区推广种植,且当地莴苣种植以起垄栽培、播种密度以株行距35cm×30cm为最佳。     

Promoting angiogenesis of protein kinase D1 in vitro and in vivo

AIM: To explore the effect of protein kinase D1 (PKD1) on promoting angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo, and to furnish a new idea on targeting PKD1 for the treatment of ischemic heart disease such as myocardial infarction. METHODS: The culture, isolation and identification of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) were performed in vitro. The effects of PKD1 and its specific blocking agent CID755673 on expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and kinase insert domain receptor (KDR) in EPCs were determined. The rat model of myocardial infarction was established, the intervention effects of PKD1 and CID755673 on morphology, changes of microvessels and endothelial cells, and the expression of VEGF and KDR in the impaired myocardial tissue were analyzed. RESULTS: PKD1 significantly upregulated the expression of VEGF and KDR in EPCs in vitro. Meanwhile, the structure of myocardial tissue was more regular and clear, the cytomembrane of endothelial cells were more smooth and integrity, the pericytes were visible, and the expression of VEGF and KDR was significantly increased in PKD1 treatment group in vivo.CONCLUSION: PKD1 has the ability of angiogenesis obviously, which might be mediated by VEGF.     

外源甜菜碱对作物的抗旱作用效果研究

通过小麦浸种、水培、大面积喷施和茄子盆栽试验,研究了不同浓度外源甜菜碱对作物的抗旱作用效果。结果表明:外源甜菜碱浓度为25～50mg/L时可促进小麦种子发芽,光合作用强度[达7.07～7.57μmol/(s·m~2)]及生物学产量增加;在外源甜菜碱浓度100 mg/L时小麦幼苗叶片硝酸还原酶活性最高,达到35.23μg/(g·h),同时小麦抗旱性增强。数学模式寻优结果表明:在外源甜菜碱浓度26.4～68.9mg/L,土壤水分含量12.6％～20.7％时,可获得最佳的茄子生物总量。     

宁夏苹果花期霜冻敏感性指标研究

苹果花期霜冻指标是果园霜冻预报预警、防御的基础,本文运用人工模拟霜箱,以富士、嘎啦和乔纳金苹果为试验对象,设置过冷却模拟试验设5个温度梯度和4个持续时间共计20个试验处理,模拟研究了苹果花期霜冻敏感性指标。结果表明:苹果花苞期花瓣、盛花期花瓣和子房以及幼果期的幼果平均过冷却点在-3.51℃~-3.27℃,结冰点变化范围在-2.94℃~-2.65℃。苹果花期低温敏感范围在-2.5℃~-3.5℃之间,不同花器官、不同品种、不同低温持续时间和不同发育阶段之间有所差异,其中,在苹果花的花瓣、子房、雄蕊和雌蕊等不同花器官中,花瓣最不耐冻,子房和雌、雄蕊随温度降低变异较大;不同类型花耐受冻顺序为花苞半开花全开花;-2.5℃~-3.0℃温度处理下,致死率随持续时间增加明显,温度高于或低于这个范围,持续时间对致死率影响不大;3个苹果品种中,富士最不耐冻,其次是乔纳金和嘎啦。