枇杷种质资源果实锈斑病抗性调查

对国家果树种质福州枇杷圃内251份枇杷种质资源的果实锈斑病抗性进行了调查评价。结果表明：141份枇杷种质资源对果实锈斑病抗性表现中等,59份资源抗性弱,51份资源抗性强,其中大坡顶2号、大坡项3号、豆枇杷、笃山枇杷（2）、笃山晚熟、埂坡2号、麻栗坡枇杷、沙锅酸、沙锅寨1号、天星桥1亏、兴安1号、兴安4号、以且枇杷和重瓣枇杷等14份资源抗性极强,未发生锈斑;来源于西班牙的资源病情指数极显著地高于其他来源地的资源,来源于贵州和云南的资源病情指数显著低于其他来源地的资源;野生资源的抗性极显著地优于栽培资源;红肉类型种质资源的抗性极显著地优于白肉类型。     

橄榄鲜食果品质的感观与理化评价初探

本文根据多年的生产实践,结合果实理化分析新成果,初步提出橄榄鲜食果品质评价指标。鲜食橄榄果实评价以感观评价为主,理化测评为参考。感观评价分内质与外观两部分,内质项目包括果实肉质粗细、韧脆、回甘和甜香,外观项目包括果实斑痕、整齐度、形状与大小、色泽。理化测评项目包括可溶性固形物、膳食纤维、单宁、总糖、氨基酸、有机酸、挥发油、可食率。     

中间球海胆性腺氨基酸组成研究

试验结果表明,中间球海胆鲜味氨基酸含量占总氨基酸含量的43%以上,尤其是含有较高的甘氨酸、谷氨酸.雄性性腺鲜味氨基酸含量高于雌性,因此,雄性味更美.在生产中采集中间球海胆时期最好选在早期成熟阶段,在海胆成熟后期自然排放之前采收完毕.     

宁波地区桃花水母的脂肪酸组成研究

2004年10月、2005年7月于浙江省宁波市七塔寺、江北区、天童寺采得多个桃花水母标本.用GC/MS法分析后的结果表明,三地桃花水母总脂含量平均值为16.30%.共检测到加种脂肪酸,饱和脂肪酸(SFA)8种、单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)5种,多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)7种.其中PUFA含量最高,占总脂肪酸的44.37%～50.59%,而SFA和MUFA分别占总脂肪酸的33.96%～39.14%和11.32%～21.67%.     

饵料种类、温度和规格对硬壳蛤的同化率的影响

试验结果表明,温度和规格对硬壳蛤同化率的影响不显著(P>0.05);饵料种类对硬壳蛤同化率影响显著(P<0.05).其中小球藻和湛江等鞭金藻的同化率显著高于小新月菱形藻(P<0.05),而小新月菱形藻又显著高于扁藻(P<0.05).     

紫外线系统净化文蛤中大肠杆菌的研究

文蛤经人工方法使其体内积累埃希氏大肠杆菌达到5个对数值后,放入小型紫外线循环净化系统中,通过正交试验来研究各种环境因子对文蛤自身净化能力的影响。经36 h净化处理后,贝肉中埃希氏大肠杆菌减小约3个对数值。方差分析结果表明,影响文蛤净化效果的因子依次为水交换率、贝水比和温度;最佳的净化条件为:换水率3次/h、贝水比为1∶4、温度15℃。文蛤的净化生产证明,这些净化条件是合适的。     

长江流域铜鱼和圆口铜鱼的遗传多样性

利用线粒体DNA控制区序列多态性分析了长江流域铜鱼（Coreius heterodon）和圆口铜鱼（Coreius guichenoti）各4个群体的遗传结构;同时利用9对自行开发的多态性微卫星标记分析圆口铜鱼4个群体的遗传结构。结果显示,铜鱼线粒体DNA（mtDNA）D-loop序列共检出22个多态位点,28种单倍型,平均单倍型多样性指数（h）和核苷酸多样性指数（7r）分别为0．849和0．00257。圆口铜鱼线粒体DNA（mtDNA）D-loop序列共检出18个多态位点,28种单倍型,平均单倍型多样性指数和核苷酸多样性指数分别为0．902和0．00424。分子变异分析（AMOVA）结果提示,铜鱼和圆口铜鱼分别有98．80％和99．17％的遗传变异发生于群体内部,表明铜鱼和圆口铜鱼未出现种群分化。选用的9个微卫星标记在圆口铜鱼群体中共检测到48个等位基因;群体平均观测杂合度在0．631～0．753之间;平均期望杂合度为0．598-0．728：平均多态信息含量为0．548～0．670。结果表明,长江流域铜鱼遗传多样性较低,长江上游圆口铜鱼遗传多样性较高,且均未出现种群遗传分化。圆口铜鱼SSR固定指数为0．12l58,高于D．1oop固定指数,显示SSR标记对圆口铜鱼群体间遗传差异的检测更为灵敏。[中国水产科学,2008,15（3）：377-385]     

军曹鱼黏膜免疫组织发育的形态学研究

运用组织学及组织化学的染色方法,对出膜后第l-44天（days post-hatch,dph）的军曹鱼（Rachycentron canadum）黏膜免疫组织的发育过程进行研究。结果显示,白细胞在黏膜免疫组织出现的时间顺序由早到晚依次为鳃、皮肤、胃、肠,同大量抗原接触鱼体组织时白细胞出现的时间顺序相符。军曹鱼胃固有层中丰富的白细胞说明胃可能在黏膜免疫中发挥着很大的作用。黏液细胞最早出现在胃;其后是皮肤和肠道;鳃最晚。在胃肠、皮肤内的黏液细胞几天后就可分泌中性至酸性黏液物质,且分泌量随鱼体分发育而增多,但在鳃组织内,黏液的分泌早于黏液细胞的出现。在采样的时间段里,黏膜免疫组织未发现浆细胞,可能是由于B细胞还没有发育成熟并具备免疫功能。从白细胞在军曹鱼黏膜组织内发育及分布的状况,可见黏膜组织具有完成免疫应答的细胞基础。     

Effect of dietary supplemental l‐carnitine on growth performance,body composition and antioxidant status in juvenile black sea bream,Sparus macrocephalus

Effects of dietary l ‐carnitine were studied in juvenile black sea bream (Sparus macrocephalus). The semipurified basal diet [crude protein 450 g kg^?1 dry matter (DM); crude lipid 126 g kg^?1 DM] was formulated to choose white fishmeal as the protein source and fish oil plus corn oil (1 : 1) as the lipid source. Six diets (control + diets 1–5) containing 0.1, 0.12, 0.16, 0.24, 0.39 and 1.1 g of l ‐carnitine kg^?1 diet were fed to triplicate groups of black sea bream (initial weight 13.10 ± 0.05 g) for 8 weeks. At the end of the feeding trial, growth performance, body composition and antioxidant status were determined. The results showed that relative growth rate (RGR) was significantly improved by the elevation of dietary l ‐carnitine level from 0.1 to 0.24 g kg^?1, but decreased with further increment (P < 0.05). Lipid content decreased significantly (P < 0.05) in the dorsal muscle whereas increased (P < 0.05) in the liver with the addition of dietary l ‐carnitine. Dietary l ‐carnitine supplements elevated enzymatic antioxidants (superoxide dismutase, SOD; catalase, CAT; glutathione‐S‐transferase, GST) activities (P < 0.05) yet decreased the content of non‐enzymatic factor, total sulphydryl groups (TSH) (P < 0.05). In summary, the optimum dietary l ‐carnitine level was 0.284 g kg^?1 diet by second‐polynomial regression analysis based on RGR (y = ?647.4x² +367.97x + 234.55; R² = 0.977, x = dietary l ‐carnitine levels, y = RGR), and dietary l ‐carnitine addition within the levels adopted in our study could depress lipid peroxidation in tissues of juvenile black sea bream.     

Optimal dietary lipid level for large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea) larvae

A 30‐day feeding experiment was conducted in blue tanks (70 × 50 × 60 cm, water volume 180 L) to determine the effects of dietary lipid levels on the survival, growth and body composition of large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea) larvae (12 days after hatchery, with initial average weight 1.93 ± 0.11 mg). Five practical microdiets, containing 83 g kg^?1 (Diet 1), 126 g kg^?1 (Diet 2), 164 g kg^?1 (Diet 3), 204 g kg^?1 (Diet 4) and 248 g kg^?1 lipid (Diet 5), were formulated. Live feeds (Artemia sinicia nauplii and live copepods) were used as the control diet (Diet 6). Each diet was randomly assigned to triplicate groups of tanks, and each tank was stocked with 3500 larvae. During the experiment, water temperature was maintained at 23(±1) °C, pH 8.0 (±0.2) and salinity 25 (±2) g L^?1. The results showed that dietary lipid significantly influenced the survival and growth of large yellow croaker larvae. Survival increased with the increase of dietary lipid from 83 to 164 g kg^?1, and then decreased. The survival of larvae fed the diet with 83 g kg^?1 lipid (16.1%) was significantly lower than that of larvae fed other diets. However, the survival in larvae fed the diet with 16.4 g kg^?1 lipid was the highest compared with other artificial microdiets. Specific growth rate (SGR) significantly increased with increasing dietary lipid level from 83 to 164 g kg^?1 (P < 0.05), and then decreased. The SGR in larvae fed the diet with 164 g kg^?1 lipid (10.0% per day) was comparable with 204 g kg^?1 lipid (9.6% per day), but were significantly higher than other microdiets (P < 0.05). On the basis of survival and SGR, the optimum dietary lipid level was estimated to be 172 and 177 g kg^?1 of diet using second‐order polynomial regression analysis respectively.