Functions of wild stathmin 1 and the C terminal mutant

AIM: To illustrate the effects of overexpression of stathmin 1 on melanocyte growth and the relationship between C terminal motif and stathmin 1 function.METHODS: The overexpression vector and C terminal mutant coding vector were constructed. The vectors were transfected into melanocytes by Lipofectamine 2000. MTT and FCM were used to inspect the cell growth, Western blotting was a tool in caspase-3 measurement, and spectrophotography was used to detect the melanin products and tyrosinase activity.RESULTS: The vectors of overexpression and mutation were constructed and transfected into melanocytes successfully. Both of them inhibited the melanocyte growth, induced apoptosis, and decreased the melanin products and tyrosinase activity.CONCLUSION: Overexpression of stathmin 1 inhibits melanocyte growth, melanin products and tyrosinase activity. The change of C terminal motif could not affect the role of stathmin 1 in melanocyte markedly.     

毛竹林地土壤团聚体稳定性及其对碳贮量影响研究

通过对集约经营毛竹林地土壤团聚体的测定,结果表明毛竹林地3个土壤层次各粒径团聚体分布特征为>5 mm的含量在土壤团粒结构中占主导地位,占总团聚体的比例为26.39%~42.38%;其次为1~5 mm含量,占14%~18%;<0.25 mm的含量最小,占2.31%~6.73%。毛竹林土壤团聚体平均重量直径平均值为0.90 mm,并且随着土壤层次的增加有逐渐增加的趋势。毛竹林地土壤总有机碳的积累与0.25~3.15 mm土壤团聚体中有机碳含量呈显著相关,与>3.15 mm和<0.25 mm团聚体有机碳含量相关不显著。毛竹林地0~20 cm土壤层中,分布在>5 mm和3.15~5 mm粒径土壤团聚体中的有机碳比例分别为14.86%和11.26%,低于20~40 cm和40~60 cm土壤。这也说明,长期集约经营毛竹林后,林地土壤有机碳含量下降的主要原因可能是>5 mm粒径土壤团聚体有机碳含量下降。     

基于工程教育认证为导向的“生物工程设备”课程教学改革的研究与实践

“生物工程设备”是生物工程专业的核心必修课程,是一门知识面广、实践和应用性强的课程。以工程教育认证为导向并结合多年的教学过程,对教学内容进行优化与改革、对教学手段与方法进行,以及对实践教学等方面进行了有益的探索与实践,获得了一些提高教学效果、培养学生工程实践能力的教学经验。     

不同光照条件对脱镁叶绿酸钠光敏抑菌活性的影响

脱镁叶绿酸钠是叶绿素代谢中间产物脱镁叶绿酸a的水溶性钠盐,具有良好的光敏抑菌活性。为探索光照条件对其抑菌活性的影响,采用菌丝生长速率法,研究在不同光照度、光波长及光照时间条件下,脱镁叶绿酸钠对忽视拟盘多毛孢Pestalotiopsis neglecta的抑制作用。结果表明:20 mg/mL的脱镁叶绿酸钠在照度为2 000 lx的白光照射下对菌丝生长的抑制率为83.7%,在黑暗条件下抑制率为77.0%,表明光照对脱镁叶绿酸钠抑菌活性有显著影响 (P < 0.05);此外,白光的效果好于单色光;光照度及光照时间对抑菌活性也有显著影响,其中当照度为16 000 lx且光照时间为24 h时抑菌作用最强。     

秸秆过滤养猪废水UASB厌氧发酵及微生物群落分析

养猪废水成分复杂,所含悬浮性固体对其生物发酵过程影响显著;利用经过粉碎压实后的玉米秸秆对养猪废水进行负压抽滤,吸附截留废水中的悬浮性固体。再利用上流式厌氧污泥床（UASB,up-flow anaerobic sludge bed/blanket）反应器对过滤后的养猪废水进厌氧发酵,探究发酵过程中随着有机负荷的增加,化学需氧量（COD,chemical oxygen demand）去除率、pH值、产气量的变化规律,并采用高通量测序技术分析最优负荷时厌氧消化污泥中的细菌与古菌群落组成。过滤试验表明,在过滤压差为40kPa、滤层厚度为15cm、滤料压实度为1.6倍密度（148.8kg/m³）时有较好的过滤效果,此时总固体（TS,total solid）、挥发性固体（VS,volatile solid）、COD的去除率分别为33.08%、28.05%、23.01%。厌氧发酵试验结果表明,在温度为(35±1)℃时反应器稳定运行的最高负荷为11 kg/(m³·d);反应器处理效果最优的负荷为10 kg/(m³·d）,此时进水COD浓度为5 000 mg/L、COD去除率为76.46%、容积产气率为1.51m³/(m³·d)。高通量测序结果表明,厌氧发酵过程由多种微生物菌群协同作用,主要的细菌群类是Firmicutes、Bacteroidota,主要古菌群类为Halobacterota,且高效产甲烷菌分布丰富。试验结果为利用作物秸秆过滤养猪废水进行以废治废的技术应用提供了依据。     

改进YOLOv5s对病理学图像中猪只小肠绒毛的检测

为解决传统小肠绒毛需要专业人员手动检测耗时耗力且存在主观性和不稳定性等问题,同时提高在复杂病理学图像中小肠绒毛检测的准确率和效率,该研究提出基于改进YOLOv5s检测复杂病理学图像下猪只小肠绒毛的方法。首先,采用串联形式的混合池化对空间金字塔进行优化,增强特征提取与特征表达,提升检测精度;然后引入一种基于注意力机制的网络模块(simpleattentionmechanism,SimAM)与Bottleneck中的残差连接相结合,使用SimAM对Bottleneck中的特征图进行加权,得到加权后的特征表示,利用注意力机制加强模型对目标的感知。试验结果表明,该研究算法的平均精度（average precision）和每秒传输帧数（frame per second,FPS）达到92.43%和40帧/s。改进后的YOLOv5s在召回率和平均精度上相较改进前提高2.49和4.62个百分点,在不增加模型参数量的情况下,每帧图片的推理时间缩短1.04 ms。与经典的目标检测算法SSD、Faster R-CNN、YOLOv6s、YOLOX相比,平均精度分别提高15.16、10.56、2.03和4.07...     

DMPP mitigates N2O and NO productions by inhibiting ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in an intensified vegetable field under different temperature and moisture regimes

Vegetable soils with high nitrogen input are major sources of nitrous oxide (N₂O) and nitric oxide (NO), and incorporation of the nitrification inhibitor 3, 4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) into soils has been documented to effectively reduce emissions. However, the efficiency of DMPP in terms of soil N₂O and NO mitigations varies greatly depending on soil temperature and moisture levels. Thus, further evaluations of DMPP efficiency in diverse environments are required to encourage widespread application. A laboratory incubation study (28 d) was established to investigate the interactive effects of DMPP, temperature (15, 25, and 35 ℃), and soil moisture (55% and 80% of water-holding capacity (WHC)) on net nitrification rate, N₂O and NO productions, and gene abundances of nitrifiers and denitrifiers in an intensive vegetable soil. Results showed that incubating soil with 1% DMPP led to partial inhibition of the net nitrification rate and N₂O and NO productions, and the reduction percentage of N₂O production was higher than that of NO production (69.3% vs. 38.2%) regardless of temperature and soil moisture conditions. The increased temperatures promoted the net nitrification rate but decreased soil N₂O and NO productions. Soil moisture influenced NO production more than N₂O production, decreasing with the increased moisture level (80%). The inhibitory effect of DMPP on cumulative N₂O and NO productions decreased with increased temperatures at 55% WHC. Conversely, the inhibitory effect of DMPP on cumulative N₂O production increased with increased temperatures at 80% WHC. Based on the correlation analyses and automatic linear modeling, the mitigation of both N₂O and NO productions from the soil induced by DMPP was attributed to the decreases in ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) amoA gene abundance and NO^-₂-N concentration. Overall, our study indicated that DMPP reduced both N₂O and NO productions by regulating the associated AOB amoA gene abundance and NO^-₂-N concentration. These findings improve our insights regarding the implications of DMPP for N₂O and NO mitigations in vegetable soils under various climate scenarios.     

复合有机铁对母猪繁殖性能及其抗氧化能力的影响

为研究复合有机铁对母猪繁殖性能、血液理化指标及抗氧化能力的影响,试验选用体重接近、胎次接近、预产期一致的健康“长×白”二元杂母猪30头,随机分为3组,每组10个重复,每个重复1头母猪,3个处理组分别在基础日粮中补充硫酸亚铁、甘氨酸亚铁、复合有机铁。结果显示:较硫酸亚铁组,复合有机铁组产程缩短23.57%、胎产健仔数增加14.00%、初生窝重增加14.14%(P < 0.05);母猪血红蛋白含量、红细胞数和红细胞压积分别提高19.88%、10.53%、8.33%(P < 0.05);母猪抗氧化酶活性和机体抗氧化能力提高47.33%(P < 0.05),丙二醛含量降低37.05%(P < 0.05)。综上所述,母猪日粮中额外补充复合有机铁源能提高母猪繁殖性能,改善血液理化指标,增强母猪抗氧化能力。     

畜禽养殖废水脱氮除磷研究进展

笔者介绍了SBR、上流式活性污泥床、fiehl prototype工艺等几种目前国内外较典型的集约化养殖场废水处理方法,比较了它们在脱氮除磷方面的优缺点及其应用和研究情况,简述了畜禽养殖废水脱氮除磷现状.最后对畜禽养殖废水脱氮除磷存在的问题进行了探讨,同时对其发展趋势进行了展望.