鲜切果蔬保鲜技术的研究进展

从温度、微生物、营养物质流失等方面分析了影响鲜切果蔬品质的若干因素,概述了目前国内外鲜切果蔬物理保鲜技术、化学保鲜技术、生物保鲜技术的研究进展。     

化学强化初沉污泥厌氧消化产甲烷潜力研究

该试验以化学强化初沉污泥为研究对象,采用中温/高温(35℃/55℃)厌氧消化方法,研究采用化学一级强化处理工艺(CEPT)产生的化学强化初沉污泥厌氧消化产甲烷效果,并对比化学强化初沉污泥在中温、高温工况的厌氧消化产甲烷性能,明确适合化学强化初沉污泥的处理工艺.研究结果表明,化学强化初沉污泥单位VSS累积产甲烷量和VSS...     

转盘式对虾开背工艺分析与参数优化

针对目前对虾开背环节工艺不完善、实际应用装备缺乏等问题,以中型南美白对虾为研究对象,探究了对虾开背关键工艺方法,建立了对虾开背过程力学模型,获得影响开背效果主要因素为刀具角度、加工中心盘转速和刀具安置距离;采用单因素试验研究和分析了各因素对开背成功率、虾仁损伤率、虾线裸露成功率和感官评分值的影响,确定影响因素最佳区间为：刀具角度20°~60°、加工中心盘转速10~40r/min和刀具安置距离9~11mm;利用Design-Expert软件进行多因素响应面试验研究分析,并采用多目标优化方法,得到最优参数组合为：刀具角度43.838°、加工中心盘转速28.391r/min、刀具安置距离9.801mm时,开背成功率为99.161%、虾仁损伤率为2.825%、虾线裸露成功率为90.727%、感官评分值为86.944。验证试验结果表明：针对中型南美白对虾,当刀具角度45°、加工中心盘转速28r/min、刀具安置距离9.8mm时,开背成功率为98.89%、虾仁损伤率为3.33%、虾线裸露成功率为87.78%、感官评分值为85.33,与理论优化值的绝对误差均较小,优化后的对虾开背装置性能满足作业要求。研究可为对虾开背工序装置设计和参数选择提供理论基础和科学依据。     

基于本体与认知经验的农业机器人视觉分类决策方法

基于小样本数据下认知经验知识辅助计算机进行决策,对实现农业领域机器人智能认知决策与助力智慧农业发展具有重要意义。本文在统计计数、支持向量机（SVM）等图像属性信息学习方法基础上,使用Protégé等工具,基于认知经验构建水果识别分类的专业知识库;然后根据图像颜色与形状信息,进行知识库搜索推理得到分类决策。实验在Fruit360数据集中共选择2091幅葡萄、香蕉、樱桃水果图像作为测试集,并各挑选30幅图像作为属性信息训练集与验证集,结果表明当前数据下葡萄与樱桃识别准确率为100%,香蕉识别准确率为93.30%。仅在知识库添加黄桃知识后,对984幅黄桃图像样本进行测试,其分类准确率为97.05%。表明本文方法能有效完成图像分类决策任务,且具有良好的过程可解释性、能力共享性和可拓展性。     

履带式油菜播种机模糊自适应纯追踪控制器设计与试验

针对在丘陵山区小田块中大型农业机械运移不便、作业效率不高和田头调头操作受限等问题,设计了一种针对轻简履带式车辆的基于运动学模型和几何模型的模糊自适应纯追踪控制器。以轻简履带式油菜播种机为研究平台,结合北斗RTK构建了一套自动导航作业系统,根据播种作业需求采用有限状态机设计了田间自动导航作业控制策略。开展了模糊自适应纯追踪控制器与纯追踪控制器的仿真及实地对比试验。仿真结果表明,与纯追踪控制器相比,模糊自适应纯追踪导航控制器具有上升时间短和超调小等特点。水泥路面试验表明,当行驶速度为0.8m/s时,模糊自适应纯追踪控制器最大跟踪偏差为0.039m,平均绝对偏差为0.018m。在旱田路面前进速度0.5、0.8、1.2m/s下,直线导航跟踪最大跟踪偏差分别不大于0.082、0.086、0.092m,平均绝对偏差分别不大于0.031、0.032、0.034m。并对自动导航作业系统进行试验,试验结果表明,所设计的导航控制器直线跟踪稳定,满足丘陵山区小型田块油菜播种要求。     

基于深度学习的大豆生长期叶片缺素症状检测方法

为了检测作物叶片缺素,提出了一种基于神经网络的大豆叶片缺素视觉检测方法。在对大豆缺素叶片进行特征分析后,采用深度学习技术,利用Mask R-CNN模型对固定摄像头采集的叶片图像进行分割,以去除背景特征,并利用VGG16模型进行缺素分类。首先通过摄像头采集水培大豆叶片图像,对大豆叶片图像进行人工标记,建立大豆叶片图像分割任务的训练集和测试集,通过预训练确定模型的初始参数,并使用较低的学习率训练Mask RCNN模型,训练后的模型在测试集上对背景遮挡的大豆单叶片和多叶片分割的马修斯相关系数分别达到了0.847和0.788。通过预训练确定模型的初始参数,使用训练全连接层的方法训练VGG16模型,训练的模型在测试集上的分类准确率为89.42%。通过将特征明显的叶片归类为两类缺氮特征和4类缺磷特征,分析讨论了模型的不足之处。本文算法检测一幅100万像素的图像平均运行时间为0.8 s,且对复杂背景下大豆叶片缺素分类有较好的检测效果,可为农业自动化生产中植株缺素情况估计提供技术支持。     

油菜钵苗开沟槽水平推苗栽植机构设计与试验

为了提高油菜钵苗移栽效率与质量,设计了一种适合厢面开沟槽水平推苗移栽的栽植机构。为了分析和优化该机构的结构参数,建立了数学模型和运动学方程,并编写了基于Matlab的人机交互式程序。结合油菜钵苗水平推苗移栽的农艺要求,探讨了栽植机构运动轨迹与幼苗移栽直立度合格率的关系。研究了水平推苗移栽的运动机理,优选了栽植机构杆件长度、安装位置和初始角度等参数,并根据该参数设计了油菜钵苗幼苗移栽试验装置。进行了栽植机构运动静、动轨迹验证试验和栽苗试验,轨迹验证试验表明,样机实际运动规律符合仿真设计要求,栽苗试验表明,在行驶速度0. 4～0. 6 m/s、栽植机构循环频率在1～1. 5 Hz之间,移栽株距0. 2～0. 3 m,移栽深度0. 04～0. 06 m时,水平推苗栽植合格率不低于90%,说明水平推苗移栽满足油菜钵苗移栽要求。     

Effect of atorvastatin on neointimal hyperplasia of venous autografts in rats

AIM: To investigate the effect of atorvastatin on neointimal hyperplasia of autogenous vein graft in rats. METHODS: The model of autogenous vein graft was prepared by transplanting the external jugular vein into aorta in Wistar rats. The rats were divided into three groups: sham operation group, graft control group and graft experimental group. From three days after transplantation, the rats of autograft experimental group were treated by atorvastatin at a dosage of 5 mg·kg-1·d-1. Four weeks after treatment, venous autografts were removed at autopsy and cut into 4 μm sections. Histopathological examination was carried out to analysis the neointimal hyperplasia of grafted veins. Immunohistochemical staining was conducted to evaluate SMα-actin and PCNA expression of neointimal cells in venous autografts. RESULTS: In venous autograft control and experimental groups, SMα-actin-positive smooth muscle cells were proliferated and accumulated excessively in venous autografts, which resulted in significant neointimal formation and vascular lumen narrowing. Neointima quantitative assay revealed that the neointimal hyperplasia of venous autografts was suppressed obviously in graft experimental group, and its neointimal area and NIA/MA ratio of venous autografts were significantly lower than those in graft control group (P<0.01). Immunohistochemical assay indicated that the PCNA labeling index of neointimal cells was significantly lower in graft experimental group than that in graft control group (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Atorvastatin significantly inhibits the proliferation of neointimal smooth muscle cells and the development of neointimal hyperplasia of venous autografts in rats. Atorvastatin is a powerful inhibitor of restenosis after vascular reconstructive operation with a potential for therapeutic use.     

Functions of wild stathmin 1 and the C terminal mutant

AIM: To illustrate the effects of overexpression of stathmin 1 on melanocyte growth and the relationship between C terminal motif and stathmin 1 function.METHODS: The overexpression vector and C terminal mutant coding vector were constructed. The vectors were transfected into melanocytes by Lipofectamine 2000. MTT and FCM were used to inspect the cell growth, Western blotting was a tool in caspase-3 measurement, and spectrophotography was used to detect the melanin products and tyrosinase activity.RESULTS: The vectors of overexpression and mutation were constructed and transfected into melanocytes successfully. Both of them inhibited the melanocyte growth, induced apoptosis, and decreased the melanin products and tyrosinase activity.CONCLUSION: Overexpression of stathmin 1 inhibits melanocyte growth, melanin products and tyrosinase activity. The change of C terminal motif could not affect the role of stathmin 1 in melanocyte markedly.