烧鸡风味复合辛香料精油、油树脂和超微粉的GC-MS对比分析

采用水蒸气蒸馏法、超临界CO2萃取法和低温冷冻粉碎法等不同加工方法制备烧鸡风味复合辛香料深加工产品精油、油树脂和超微粉,并对其进行了风味成分的GC-MS对比分析.试验结果表明:3种辛香料深加工产品的风味成分存在差异,α-蒎烯、β-松油烯、桉叶油醇、γ-松油烯、丁香酚为三者共有成分、但含量存在差异,而有些成分为两者共有或...     

西藏蔷薇科观赏植物资源及多样性研究

西藏拥有独特的高原自然环境条件和地理优势,为植物提供了较好的生长环境,孕育了许多具有特色的植物资源。采用野外实地踏查,采集、整理标本以及查阅大量文献等方法,对该区蔷薇科观赏植物资源及多样性进行了系统的研究。结果表明:该区共有蔷薇科观赏植物30属244种,是西藏种子植物区系中的第五大科,种数仅次于菊科、禾本科、豆科、杜鹃花科。其中,单种属有8属,占该区蔷薇科植物总属数26.67%;寡种属(含2~10种)有14属,占总属数46.67%;大型属(11种及以上)有8属,占总属数26.67%。水平分布上以藏东南高山深谷区的种数最多,有162种,占种数的66.94%;垂直分布上以海拔800~5 200m处为主。与四川、云南的相似性程度最高。该区以伯舒拉岭以北的三江河谷地带;尼洋河、帕龙藏布流域、易贡藏布中上游及雅鲁藏布江中游地区;喜马拉雅山脉东段南翼,伯舒拉岭以西的低山地带等暖湿带生境的丰富度最高。该区蔷薇科观赏植物地理分布类型共8种和4个分布区变形,温带成分优势突出,与北温带、旧世界温带、东亚都存在着联系;热带成分次之。该区蔷薇科观赏植物以观花观果类优势最为明显。研究认为,西藏蔷薇科观赏植物资源较丰富,对西藏地区寒冷、多岩石、土壤贫瘠等恶劣的生态环境来说,无疑是丰富局部区域生态群落结构、增加园林植物种类、提高绿化率优良植物。     

肝片吸虫感染对绵羊细胞因子质量浓度及表达的影响

为揭示肝片吸虫感染对和田羊与中国美利奴羊细胞因子(IL-2、TNF-α、IFN-γ)质量浓度及其mRNA表达的影响。以和田羊和中国美利奴羊为研究对象,随机分为感染组(N=5)和对照组(N=3),感染组每组经口感染250个肝片吸虫囊蚴。在感染后第0、4、7、16周测定血清细胞因子(IL-2、TNF-α、IFN-γ)的质量浓度,并检测感染16周后肝脏细胞因子(IL-2、TNF-α、IFN-γ)mRNA的表达量。结果表明,感染肝片吸虫7周后,和田羊和中国美利奴羊感染组血清IL-2、IFN-γ质量浓度均显著高于对照组(P0.05);和田羊感染组血清TNF-α质量浓度显著高于对照组(P0.05),而中国美利奴羊感染组与对照组差异不显著(P0.05)。感染16周后,和田羊感染组血清TNF-α、IFN-γ质量浓度及其肝脏mRNA表达量均显著高于对照组(P0.05);中国美利奴羊感染组血清TNF-α质量浓度及其肝脏mRNA表达量均显著高于对照组(P0.05)。揭示和田羊与中国美利奴羊对肝片吸虫的细胞免疫反应存在一定差异。     

荷花青熟种子播种繁育技术

受时空等环境条件限制,获取荷花青熟种质资源,对其繁育技术进行研究,为种质收集及开发应用提供基础性技术支持.以当年采集的热带型荷花青熟种子为材料,通过增温、增光、控水、防病等措施,创建适宜的生长环境,观测青熟种子发芽及小苗生长性状指标,结果表明:荷花青熟种子播种,充足水分且水温在25℃,可以实现出芽,种子的成熟度在6成以上时,出芽率有增加趋势.出芽后,立叶前期,控制水温在20℃以上,光照时间15h以上,可成苗;立叶期,温度控制在15℃以上,光照8h以上,可保苗;此期小苗生长缓慢.     

原始云冷杉、红松林树木生长对氮沉降的响应

本文通过野外控制试验，设置4个梯度的施氮处理，分别为对照(CK，不加氮)、低氮(T_L，5 g/(m2·a))、中氮(T_M，10 g/(m2·a))、高氮(T_H，15 g/(m2·a))，研究云冷杉红松林主要树种的径生长对氮沉降增加的响应。结果表明，枫桦径生长随氮添加梯度的增加出现了先促进后抑制的趋势；臭冷杉和红松径生长随氮添加梯度的增加而受到抑制，其中臭冷杉表现出明显的衰退现象甚至死亡；花楷槭则表现出较为复杂的响应，可能与该树种对不同梯度氮添加的响应机制不同有关。同时还发现，各处理、各树种的胸径大小与径生长量存在相关性，可能与树种年龄及其所处的生态位相关。研究表明，氮沉降改变树木生长速率和死亡率，可能影响地上生态系统碳库和整个生态系统碳循环。      

北京地区文献采购中招投标机制探究

招投标作为一种公开、公平、公正和竞争择优的市场交易方式,在当今社会经济活动中扮演着越来越重要的角色。论述了招投标机制的形成,图书馆文献采购中的招投标;研究分析了影响文献采购招投标工作的因素及对策;介绍了北京市评标专家库的建立。     

TTC法快速测定白鲜种子生活力

采用2,3,5-氯化三苯基四氮唑(TTC)染色法测定白鲜种子生活力,利用正交试验设计,研究不同的浸种温度、浸种时间、TTC溶液浓度、染色温度和染色时间对白鲜种子染色效果的影响。结果表明,TTC法能够快速测定白鲜种子的生活力,其染色最佳条件为30℃浸种6 h,35℃条件下0.3%TTC溶液避光染色24 h。     

The priority of management factors for reducing the yield gap of summer maize in the north of Huang-Huai-Hai region,China

Understanding yield potential, yield gap and the priority of management factors for reducing the yield gap in current intensive maize production is essential for meeting future food demand with the limited resources. In this study, we conducted field experiments using different planting modes, which were basic productivity(CK), farmer practice(FP), high yield and high efficiency(HH), and super high yield(SH), to estimate the yield gap. Different factorial experiments(fertilizer, planting density, hybrids, and irrigation) were also conducted to evaluate the priority of individual management factors for reducing the yield gap between the different planting modes. We found significant differences between the maize yields of different planting modes. The treatments of CK, FP, HH, and SH achieved 54.26, 58.76, 65.77, and 71.99% of the yield potential, respectively. The yield gaps between three pairs: CK and FP, FP and HH, and HH and SH, were 0.76, 1.23 and 0.85 t ha~(–1), respectively. By further analyzing the priority of management factors for reducing the yield gap between FP and HH, as well as HH and SH, we found that the priorities of the management factors(contribution rates) were plant density(13.29%)fertilizer(11.95%)hybrids(8.19%)irrigation(4%) for FP to HH, and hybrids(8.94%)plant density(4.84%)fertilizer(1.91%) for HH to SH. Therefore, increasing the planting density of FP was the key factor for decreasing the yield gap between FP and HH, while choosing hybrids with density and lodging tolerance was the key factor for decreasing the yield gap between HH and SH.     

Genetic Diversity Analysis of Cervus elaphus Using AMELY Gene in Y Chromosome

In order to determine the genetic diversity in Cervus elaphus using AMELY gene in Y chromosome,200 blood samples from Cervus elaphus yarkandensis,Cervus elaphus asiaticus,Cervus elaphus xanthopygus,Cervus elaphus songaricus and Cervus elaphus kansuensis populations were collected and AMELY genes were sequenced in this study.The haplotype diversity of Y chromosome was analyed,phylogenetic tree was built to explore the genetic diversity and the paternal origins about Cervus elaphus.The results showed that:Cervus elaphus yarkandensis had the most variation sites and the highest nucleotide diversity.The genetic distance between Cervus elaphus yarkandensis and other Cervus elaphus were far.6 haplotypes were identified in this study,named as A1,A2,A3,A4,A5 and A6,respectively.Cervu elaphus yarkandensis,Cervus elaphus asiaticus and Cervus elaphus kansuensis had separate haplotype.The NJ and ML phylogenetic trees showed that Cervus elaphus songaricus,Cervus elaphus asiaticus,Cervus elaphus xanthopygus and Cervus elaphus kansuensis clustered together which Cervus elaphus yarkandensis and Cervus elaphus kansuensis were form a department,separately.Cervus elaphus asiaticus,Cervus elaphus xanthopygus and Cervus elaphus yarkandensis clustered into one branches and there might be gene exchange among Cervus elaphus yarkandensis,Cervus elaphus kansuensis and other Cervus elaphus.