籼、粳超级稻光合物质生产与转运特征的差异研究

为阐明籼、粳超级稻干物质积累及光合生产特征的差异,以江苏地区大面积推广种植的5个超级杂交籼稻组合和5个常规粳型超级稻品种为试验材料,对稻麦两熟制条件下籼、粳超级稻干物质积累、分配、运转及叶面积、光合势、群体生长率、净同化率、秧苗素质、叶型等方面进行了系统的比较研究。结果表明,粳稻生育前期(移栽至拔节期)干物质积累量、光合势、群体生长率、净同化率及上三叶叶长、叶基角、叶开角、披垂度和叶面积衰减率、收获指数均小于籼稻,而生育中后期(拔节至成熟期)干物质积累量、光合势、群体生长率、净同化率及有效叶面积率、高效叶面积率、粒叶比(颖花/叶、实粒/叶、粒重/叶)、最大叶面积指数、总充实量、实收产量、生物产量、茎鞘最大输出量和表观输出量及比率均大于籼稻,差异显著或极显著。虽然粳稻主要生育期单茎干物重均不及籼稻,但群体数量优势保证粳稻具有较高的群体干物质积累量和叶面积,且随着生长发育的持续,群体光合物质生产优势不断加大,群体干物质积累量于抽穗后25 d前后超过籼稻。粳稻灌浆后期(乳熟至成熟期)仍保持强劲生长优势,而灌浆初期(抽穗至乳熟期)茎鞘贮存物质合理输出,有效保障了高效光合层的安全支撑及高积累产量库的流畅充实。高生物学产量的稳定形成和叶面积“稳升缓降”态势以及拔节至成熟期较强的高效光合物质生产,是粳稻光合系统高效持续产出、灌浆充实多及高产形成的重要特征和原因。     

耕层以下包气带中氮素蓄积的原位修复治理

耕层以下包气带土层中的氮素蓄积再释放是引起地下水污染的主要原因之一。将已优化制备的生物脱氮菌剂与白糖碳源共同施用，并于常规的田间施肥后在一定灌水量下以一定时段(3个月左右)观测，进行了现场原位修复治理试验研究。结果显示，实施该方法可有效去除耕层以下2．0m以浅主要发生氮蓄积的土壤层段中的高含量氮素，为防范地下水污染，消除潜在隐患，提供了科学依据。     

大气压等离子体处理对结球白菜种子萌发特性及后期生长的影响

用大气压等离子体对2个品种的结球白菜种子进行处理,研究不同电压等离子体处理对白菜种子萌发及后期生长的影响.结果表明:等离子体处理后在萌发前期对种子有一定影响,但对种子的发芽势、发芽率等基本没有影响;处理种子在室温放置10个月后仍然在萌发前期表现与对照种子有差异;用育苗盘和田间小区种植2种方法均没有发现处理和对照种子之间在苗期生长特性方面存在差异.     

低碳经济与林业发展

林业在发展低碳经济中具有固碳、改善人居环境、发展旅游经济、促进低碳工业发展等方面的特殊优势,林业是发展低碳经济的必然选择。林业作为生态环境建设的主要承担者,在参与和应对低碳经济时代具有不可替代的作用。     

Correlation Analysis on the Fineness and Single Fiber Strength of Alpaca Wool Fiber

In this study,321 samples were tested to evaluate the correlation between fineness and single fiber strength of alpaca fiber. The results showed that fineness average of lateral part was 24.30 μm,subject range was from 18.01 to 27.00 μm,accounted for 72% of the total samples;The strength average was 8.31 cN,subject range was from 5.01 to 11.00 cN, accounted for 88% of the total samples, it showed that the overall fineness of alpaca wool fiber was fine,the strength could satisfy the textile technology. The correlation results showed that the fineness of different parts (neck, shoulder, thigh, abdomen, lateral and back) in different groups (sex, age) all reflected that the wool fiber of the back was the finest,the strength was the minimal;And that of abdomen was the thickest,the strength was the maximum. On the other hand, we knew the greater the strength, the fineness was thicker; The smaller the strength, the fineness was finer from the distribution of different fineness range corresponded to the strength. In addition, there was also a positive correlation between them in differernt groups (sex,age),the fineness of adult alpaca was thicker than yearling alpaca, the male alpaca was thicker than female alpaca; The strength of adult alpaca was stronger than yearling alpaca, the male alpaca was stronger than female alpaca. The above results showed that the fineness of alpaca wool fiber was positively correlated with the single fiber strength.     

木兰科植物主要病害及其防治研究

报道了木兰科植物主要病害的种类、病原及发病规律,并提出综合防治措施。     

玉米小麦垄畦套种栽培技术

根据多年从事玉米小麦垄畦套种栽培的经验,从整地、选种、种子处理、播种、水肥管理、病虫害防治等方面,详细介绍玉米小麦垄畦套种栽培技术的关键环节,为提高玉米和小麦的产量及品质提供理论参考。     

植物油对西瓜白粉病的防治效果

通过室内孢子萌发试验和田间喷药防治,研究了植物油乳油对西瓜白粉病的室内活性和田间的防治效果。结果表明:室内试验92%豆油乳油稀释至5.000mL/L和3.333mL/L均能有效抑制白粉病分生孢子萌发;田间防治效果表明,植物油稀释至2.000mL/L与对照药剂20%三唑酮乳油稀释至1.000mL/L在喷药第14天比较,前者效果较好,其防效超过70%。     

河南农产品主产区农民收入增长因素分析

在对河南１８地市农村统计资料进行聚类、回归分析的基础上，找出了影响河南农产品主产区农民收入增长的因素。认为畜牧业、非农产业的发展是提高农民收入的关键因素，并提出农村产业结构调整等政策建议。