19种菊科植物花药结构及绒毡层的发育类型研究

花药结构和绒毡层的发育类型对菊科植物的系统分类和系统演化具有重要的意义。本研究采用苏木精和苯胺番红整体染色以及石蜡切片的方法,通过显微镜观察,对菊科7族19属19种植物花药结构及绒毡层的发育类型进行研究。结果表明,18种植物的花药由4个花粉囊组成,1种由2个花粉囊组成。花粉囊壁由表皮、药室内壁、中层和绒毡层4层细胞组成,中层细胞在花粉母细胞时期解体。随着花粉粒的形成,药室内壁先“U”形增厚,再进行条带状增厚。花粉母细胞胞质分裂类型有连续型和同时型2种,小孢子四分体以四面体形为主。绒毡层的发育类型有变形绒毡层和分泌绒毡层两种类型,变形绒毡层是管状花亚科植物的共同特点,分泌绒毡层是舌状花亚科植物的共同特点。从向日葵族向菊苣族的逐渐演化过程中,绒毡层的发育类型从向日葵族的变形绒毡层、经过变形绒毡层向分泌绒毡层的过渡类型逐渐演化为菊苣族的分泌绒毡层。变形绒毡层的形态在管状花亚科不同族之间有明显差异,绒毡层的发育类型和形态可以作为亚科和族分类的依据之一。     

寡糖的免疫调节作用及其在动物生产中的应用

本文就寡糖的免疫调节作用及其在动物生产中的应用作一综述。     

酸化剂对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质及肠道相关指标的影响

本试验旨在研究酸化剂对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质及肠道相关指标的影响。选取25周龄罗曼褐壳蛋鸡672只,随机分为4个组,每组7个重复,每个重复24只鸡。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组饲喂在基础饲粮中分别添加0.05%、0.10%和0.20%酸化剂的试验饲粮,试验期60 d。结果表明：1)与对照组相比,饲粮添加0.05%酸化剂显著提高了蛋鸡的平均日采食量( P<0.05);添加0.20%酸化剂显著降低了料蛋比( P<0.05)。2)与对照组相比,饲粮添加酸化剂显著增强了试验第30和60天的蛋壳强度( P<0.05);添加0.20%酸化剂显著提高了试验第30和60天的蛋白高度( P<0.05)。3)与对照组相比,酸化剂的添加对试验第30和60天消化道pH没有显著影响( P>0.05),但显著提高了十二指肠食糜中淀粉酶和胰蛋白酶的活性( P<0.05),并显著降低了消化道大肠杆菌的数量( P<0.05)。4)与对照组相比,饲粮添加酸化剂显著提高了试验第30和60天钙与磷的表观代谢率( P<0.05)。饲粮添加酸化剂可改善产蛋鸡饲料转化效率、鸡蛋品质;提高蛋鸡肠道消化酶活性及钙、磷表观代谢率;改善肠道微生态环境。     

日粮蛋氨酸水平对大骨鸡肌肉SLC12A5、 Musclin mRNA表达影响的研究

试验旨在研究日粮蛋氨酸水平大骨鸡腿肌和胸肌SLC12A5、Musclin mRNA表达量的影响.选择240只16周龄公鸡,随机分为3组,每组10个重复,每个重复8只.H组、M组和L组日粮中蛋氨酸(Met)水平分别为0.42％、0.34％、0.25％,其中M组为对照组.试验期8w.结果 显示,H组各周龄公鸡血清Met含量...     

抗丝状支原体丝状亚种单克隆抗体的制备及初步应用

旨在制备抗丝状支原体丝状亚种(Mmm)的特异性单克隆抗体(MAb),为牛传染性胸膜肺炎(CBPP)病原诊断的免疫学方法提供特异性抗体。本研究利用生物信息学技术分析了Mmm国内分离株Ben-1不同传代株的全基因组序列,选取M0071蛋白作为研究对象。将原核表达的可溶性重组蛋白M0071(rM0071)作为免疫原免疫BALB/c小鼠,通过有限稀释法和间接ELISA方法筛选得到能稳定分泌抗rM0071蛋白的单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株。进一步制备单抗腹水并纯化,利用Western blot方法对该单抗进行特异性鉴定,同时测定其抗体效价和抗体亚类。随后利用间接免疫荧光试验(IFA)评价该单抗对细胞感染Mmm的检测能力。结果表明成功获得1株单克隆细胞株3C4A1,将其分泌抗体命名为MAb 3C4A1。特异性结果表明,MAb 3C4A1能与Mmm的分离株和标准株发生特异性反应,而不与山羊支原体山羊肺炎亚种、丝状支原体山羊亚种、牛鼻支原体、无乳支原体、牛支原体、leachii支原体和牛A型巴氏杆菌等发生反应。抗体亚类鉴定MAb 3C4A1属于IgG1亚类、轻链为κ链。经间接ELISA测定其抗体效价为1∶256 000。IFA试验结果表明,MAb 3C4A1仅与感染EBL细胞的Mmm发生绿色荧光反应,而与牛鼻支原体、无乳支原体、牛支原体感染的细胞不发生荧光反应,特异性良好。本研究制备的MAb 3C4A1具有良好的特异性和免疫反应性,可作为CBPP病原免疫学诊断的工具,为进一步研制CBPP病原鉴别诊断试剂盒提供了基础材料。     

Evaluation of Therapeutic Effect of Porcine β-defensin-2 on Streptococcus suis Infection

Defensin is a small cationic peptide widely distributed in animals and plants. It is an important component of the innate immune defense system of mammals. It has a broad spectrum of antibacterial, antiviral and antifungal activities. Porcine β-defensin-2 (PBD-2) is one of the natural defensins expressed in pigs and has good antibacterial activity in vitro. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the therapeutic effect of PBD-2 in the treatment of Streptococcus suis infection in animals and to provide more insights for evaluating the value of PBD-2 as a therapeutic drug. Firstly, the bactericidal activity of PBD-2 against S. suis clinical isolate SC-19 was measured in vitro, and the cytotoxicity of PBD-2 was tested on mouse-derived macrophages (RAW264.7). Subsequently, C57 female mice aged 4-6 weeks and weighing between 18-22 g infected with S. suis SC-19 were treated with PBD-2 or PBS (n ≥ 6). The survival rate of mice, and the bacteria loads, inflammatory cytokine levels, and pathological changes of tissues were determined. The results showed that PBD-2 (25-200 μg·mL^-1) could significantly inhibit the growth of S. suis SC-19 in a concentration-dependent manner (P<0.05). At the same time, PBD-2 had no significant toxic effect on RAW cells (P>0.05). The in vivo study revealed that PBD-2 treatment could effectively reduce the mortality of mice infected with S. suis SC-19. At the same time, PBD-2 treatment significantly reduced bacteria loads in brain, lung, spleen and blood of mice, and decreased the levels of inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-12 and TNF-α in mouse sera (P<0.05). At the same time, PBD-2 treatment also significantly alleviated the degree of pathological damages in lung and spleen tissues of mice infected with bacteria (P<0.05). These results indicate that PBD-2 confers great resilience to S. suis in vitro without significant cytotoxicity, while it also exhibits a therapeutic effect on S. suis infection in mice, suggesting that the use of PBD-2 as a therapeutic drug and substitutes for antibiotics is of an excellent prospect.     

伪狂犬病病毒鄂A株gG^—／LacZ^＋突变株的构建

以从湖北某猪场分离鉴定的鄂A株为亲本，提取其基因组DNA，克隆含gG基因的SphI/KpnI片段，然后将LacZ基因融合到gG启动子下游，得到重组质粒pUSKZ,将重组质粒与鄂A株基因组共转染PK－15细胞，待细胞完全病变后，在X－gal存在下，作蓝斑筛选纯化。经斑点杂交和PCR扩增证实得到的是基因型为gG^-/LacZ^ 的重组伪狂犬病病毒。     

蚕茧价格变化规律及管理对策

对1992年以来我国蚕茧价格和蚕茧供求变化进行分析,研究蚕茧价格的波动规律以及蚕茧均衡价格产生的条件,提出蚕茧价格管理的构想与建议。     

Effect of supplements during the cold season on the reproductive system in prepubertal Tibetan sheep ewes

We examined the development of the reproductive system in prepubertal Tibetan sheep ewes when fed only oat hay (CON) or supplemented with either lick blocks (BS) or concentrate feed (CS) during the cold season. The average daily gain of the CS ewes was greater than that of the BS ewes (P  < 0.05), which was greater than that of the CON ewes. The same pattern was observed in the number of ovarian follicles (P  < 0.001), that is, CS > BS > CON. Serum concentrations of gonadotropin‐releasing hormone, follicle‐stimulating hormone, luteotrophic hormone, estradiol and progesterone in the CS and BS groups were higher than in the CON group (P  < 0.05). The messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of KiSS‐1, GPR54 (G protein‐coupled receptor 54), ERα (estradiol receptor α) in the hypothalamic anteroventral periventricular area of the CS group were higher than in both the BS and CON groups (P  < 0.05), while the BS group was higher than in the CON group (P  < 0.05). Similar differences among groups were observed for gonadotropin‐releasing hormone receptor mRNA expression in the pituitary, follicle‐stimulating hormone receptor and luteinizing hormone receptor mRNA expression in the ovary. These results indicated that the KiSS1/GPR54 system was more active with nutrition or trace mineral supplementation during the cold season. The system stimulated the hypothalamic–pituitary?gonadal axis and enhanced folliclar development in prepubertal Tibetan sheep ewes. We concluded that energy, protein and trace minerals supplements could improve the reproductive performance of Tibetan sheep on the Qinghai‐Tibetan plateau.     

奶牛干细胞多能性基因Nanog和Lin28克隆分析及其逆转录病毒表达载体的构建与包装

以50~60日龄的Holstein奶牛胎儿原始生殖嵴组织为材料,通过RT-PCR的方法克隆奶牛Nanog与Lin28基因开放性阅读框(ORF)全序列。序列全长分别为903 bp和618 bp。所克隆的奶牛Nanog与Lin28基因序列与GenBank中已经发表的参考序列进行比对同源性均为100%。将扩增的基因片段经过酶切后亚克隆到反转录病毒载体pMSCVneo的多克隆位点,经过酶切、PCR和测序鉴定正确后,应用lipofectamine2000介导转染PT67包装细胞,经过14 d G418连续抗性筛选,挑选抗性集落扩大培养。收集病毒上清经过RT-PCR与透射电镜检测,并用NIH3T3细胞测定病毒滴度。结果表明,病毒上清中含有逆转录病毒颗粒,Nanog与Lin28基因在筛选后的包装细胞PT67细胞中均有转录,病毒上清感染滴度值分别达到7.5×107cfu/mL和9.19×107cfu/mL。结果表明,本试验已经成功克隆出奶牛Nanog与Lin28基因开放性阅读框全序列,并建立高效、稳定产生包含有pMSCV-Nanog与pMSCV-Lin28质粒的感染性病毒颗粒的包装细胞株,为进一步产生奶牛诱导性多能干细胞(Induced pluripotentstem cells,iPSCs)奠定基础。