牛轮状病毒TaqMan实时荧光RT-PCR 快速检测方法的建立

本研究按照牛轮状病毒(BRV)结构蛋白VP6基因序列,设计合成引物和探针,经各反应条件的优化,建立了BRV TaqMan实时荧光定量RT-PCR技术。对BRV进行了特异性、敏感性和重复性试验。结果表明,TaqMan实时荧光RT-PCR最低可检测到100个拷贝病毒RNA;与牛病毒性腹泻病毒(BVD)、猪瘟病毒(CSFV)、牛结核杆菌(MB)和牛传染性鼻气管炎病毒(IBRV)不发生交叉反应;所制作的标准曲线在10²~10⁹拷贝/μL浓度范围内有极好的线性关系且线性范围宽,相关系数为0.997;与常规的RT-PCR相比,该方法具有快速、特异、敏感、重复性好、可同时检测大量样品等优点。可对样品中微量BRV进行准确检测,对BRV的诊断有重要意义。     

包衣技术提高药物药学性能的研究进展

兽药对畜牧生产中的疾病防控和健康养殖意义重大,但由于某些药物味苦、对胃黏膜刺激性大、稳定性差和药理作用部位靶向性差等限制了其在临床上的使用。包衣技术在改善药物适口性、提高药物稳定性和实现药物控缓释和靶向性等方面具有显著优势。作者总结了国内外关于包衣技术在改善药物适口性、提高药物稳定性、制备控缓释剂型和高效靶向释药剂型方面的研究进展,分析了包衣膜的形成原理,剖析了几种常见包衣技术的优缺点和其产业化面临的挑战,在此基础上展望了包衣技术在兽药领域的应用前景,以期为基于包衣技术的兽药新制剂的开发提供新思路。     

某牛场奶牛A型多杀性巴氏杆菌的分离鉴定

湖北某奶牛场牛群爆发体温升高、呼吸困难、流涎及颈胸皮下气肿等症状的疾病,部分发病牛衰竭死亡,为确诊牛场牛群发病原因并提出防控方案,本试验采集死亡牛的心脏、肝脏、肺脏及气管组织进行病原菌的分离纯化及PCR鉴定,并对鉴定的病原菌进行生化特性鉴定、致病性试验和药物敏感性分析;同时提取患牛血清RNA,开展牛流行热病毒的RT-PCR鉴定。结果显示,病料在类胸膜肺炎固体培养基上不生长,生化特性鉴定显示能形成靛基质、不发酵肝糖和肌醇;牛流行热病毒RT-PCR扩增阴性;所分离的病原菌经16S rRNA及牛A型多杀性巴氏杆菌特异性引物PCR扩增阳性;致病性试验显示该病原可致死小鼠,且能从死亡小鼠体内分离到感染菌;药敏试验结果显示该病菌对头孢哌酮、左氧氟沙星敏感,其他20种临床常见药物表现耐药。综上所述,该牛场患病牛确诊为牛A型多杀性巴氏杆菌感染,建议根据药敏试验结果选择敏感药物,对患病牛进行隔离治疗,疑似患病牛隔离观察,同时加强通风,及时清理污物并消毒,改善饲养管理,避免拥挤、寒冷及长途运输等应激因素。     

新时代饲料跨境电商面临的问题及应对措施研究

随着饲料行业国际市场竞争的日趋加剧,我国饲料企业跨境电商业务受到了严重冲击.近几年,由于农业、畜牧业及肉、蛋、奶等产品的市场价格波动,放大了跨境电商活动中原本就存在的跨境物流、金融支付、网络安全、国际法律公约缺失等问题.为在新的竞争环境下有效降低产品市场价格波动对跨境电商造成的不利影响,应从强化国际间贸易协作,拉动国内...     

单播与混播下紫花苜蓿与无芒雀麦生物量对氮肥的响应

禾本科与豆科牧草的混播,是人工草地建植的最主要方式之一,研究氮肥对豆禾混播草地影响对维持混播草地的持续稳定生产具有重要意义。试验在温室栽培条件下研究了3个氮肥梯度(0,75,150 kg N/hm²,记作N₀,N₇₅,N₁₅₀)对无芒雀麦单播,紫花苜蓿单播以及它们混播(分别记作G-G,L-L,G-L)生物量的影响。研究结果表明,1)在单播时,无芒雀麦对氮肥的响应较敏感,施入氮肥显著地提高无芒雀麦的生物量(P<0.05),而对紫花苜蓿的生物量无显著影响(P>0.05)。在混播时,无芒雀麦对有效氮的竞争胜过紫花苜蓿,施氮能显著地增加混播中无芒雀麦牧草的生物量(P<0.05),间接地抑制了紫花苜蓿生物量的发展。2)无芒雀麦和紫花苜蓿混播的总生物量介于它们单播时生物量之间,却高于它们单播时生物量的平均值。3)无芒雀麦单株地上生物量在混播时显著高于单播(P<0.05)。相反,紫花苜蓿的单株地上生物量单播显著高于混播(P<0.05)。这说明在混播系统中,无芒雀麦混播效应表现为积极的促进作用,紫花苜蓿混播效应表现为消极的抑制作用。4)在无芒雀麦和紫花苜蓿的混播中,无芒雀麦和紫花苜蓿的生长处于动态的消长中,这种变化通过土壤无机氮的水平来调控。     

云南南亚热带多雨区引进禾本科牧草的适应性及评价

引进国外优良牧草栽培种14个在云南南亚热带多雨区进行种植,结果表明:贝斯莉斯克俯仰臂形草、纳罗克非洲狗尾草、海密尔大黍、海琴绸纹孔颖草、帕春青绿黍和无芒臂形草6个牧草品种在适应性,草产量和质量方面表现较好,适宜在该地区推广种植。     

THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN RETRACTED Exergy as an ecological application used in the recovery process of benthic communities

Exergy, the thermodynamic function that represents the distance of an open system from equilibrium, is proposed as an ecological indicator for summarizing the complex dynamics occurring in a disturbed community during its recovery processes. These complex dynamics can be difficult to capture by using classical indices. In this study, we sampled macrobenthos using the BACI scheme (before versus after; control versus impact) in tidal wetlands of west Chongming Island, China, an area that has been disturbed by ecological engineering measures. Exergy storage is estimated for benthic communities. The control area is proposed as dynamic reference for estimating local exergy storage of the benthic community. Three different methods were used for estimating exergy on the basis of coefficients: (a) taken for taxa groups; (b) estimated from coding genes given for broad taxonomic groups; and (c) estimated from genome size taken as close as possible to the taxonomic level of the species, providing a basis for inferring similarities. We found a decrease of local exergy content in the disturbed area 9 days after the disturbance. Subsequently, the reference exergy of the benthic community increased (i.e. in the surrounding control area) in accordance with the proposed hypothesis regarding the dynamics of exergy storage during a system's development. Estimates of local exergy arrived at using the three methods provided comparable results. Based on this, we then discuss the feasibility of using the more readily available genome size data for estimating exergy. This result may have important implications for broader application of this indicator to biological systems. Moreover, the adjacent control samples seem to represent an appropriate dynamic reference for estimating the local exergy of disturbed communities. We found that exergy was a useful indicator that integrates the processes underlying the recovery of the benthic community after disturbance.     

主动免疫血管活性肠肽（VIP）对家鸽繁殖性能影响的初探

将３０对青年鸽随机分为三组,第一组用血管活性肠肽（ＶＩＰ）类似物与牛血清蛋白（ＢＳＡ）的偶联物进行主动免疫ＶＩＰ,第二组注射与第一组等量的生理盐水,第三组不做任何处理。在试验的第一阶段,除第三组外,第一、二组鸽在产蛋后立即将书目是拿出,试验结果显示：第一组与第二组鸽月产蛋量和周抱窝数差异不显著。但第一、二组鸽产蛋量与第三组（自然饲养组）差异极显著。在试验的第二阶段（Ｂ处理过程）均不把蛋拿出,则三组     

Identification of resistance gene analogue markers closely linked to wheat powdery mildew resistance gene Pm31

Specific oligonucleotide primers, designed for the sequences of known plant disease resistance genes, were used to amplify resistance gene analogues (RGAs) from wheat genomic DNA. This method was applied in a bulked segregant analysis to screen for the RGA markers linked to the powdery mildew resistance gene Pm31, introgressed into common wheat from wild emmer. Two RGA markers (RGA200 and RGA390) were found to be closely linked to Pm31 and completely co‐segregating with the marker allele of Xpsp3029 linked to Pm31, with a genetic distance of 0.6 cM. These two RGA markers were then integrated into the formerly established microsatellite map of Pm31 region. The result showed the effectiveness of the RGA approach for developing molecular markers linked to disease resistance genes and demonstrated the efficiency of denaturing polyacrylamide‐gel electrophoresis for detecting polymerase chain reaction polymorphism.     

黄河裸裂尻生长激素(GH)基因的PCR扩增和克隆

为了克隆黄河裸裂尻生长激素(GH)基因并获得表达产物,试验采用异硫氰酸胍法提取黄河裸裂尻脑组织总RNA,以分离的RNA为模板,采用RT-PCR扩增获得GH基因cDNA,将cDNA插入质粒pQE30中,并在大肠杆菌RB791中表达,经异丙基-β-D-硫代吡喃半乳糖苷(IPTG)诱导后,SDS-PAGE电泳检测蛋白的表达情况。结果表明:扩增后黄河裸裂尻GH基因长度为508 bp,黄河裸裂尻GH基因与青海湖裸鲤的同源性很高,电泳显示出1条新的分子质量约为14.4 ku的特异性条带。