细胞壁降解相关酶以及在反刍动物应用中活性测定标准化的建议

针对当前国内外饲料酶制剂在反刍动物应用上结果不一致的现象,本文从酶制剂的角度,简要地分析了可能引起这些不一致的原因,同时就此总结了与细胞壁降解相关的主要的酶及其功能,并给出其活性测定标准化建议,为酶制剂的开发和应用提供参考。     

壮筋补骨丸促进家兔人工骨折愈合的组织学观察

为客观评价壮筋补骨丸促进骨折愈合的作用,选用30只雄性新西兰兔造成右侧桡骨3 mm完全缺损的骨折模型,随机分为模型组、伤科组和壮筋组,分别给予生理盐水、伤科接骨片和壮筋补骨丸灌胃,连续4周.各组动物每周处死3只,取样进行HE染色、Masson染色和PAS染色观察,并于术后28 d取右侧桡骨(骨折骨)进行扫描电镜观察.结果表明,壮筋组较模型组及伤科组提前1周PAS和Masson染色呈阳性,于2周后观察到胶原纤维大量出现,成骨过程明显快于模型组.电镜观察显示模型组术后4周骨痂生长,胶原纤维交错排列,未出现成熟的骨细胞,而伤科组及壮筋组术后4周胶原纤维平行簇状排列,出现了板质骨和骨细胞,与模型组比较差异明显,表明壮筋补骨丸能促进新西兰兔骨折愈合.     

Evaluation of Associative Effects of Alfalfa Meal and Ammoniated Corn Straw by Gas Production Technique in vitro

This experiment was conducted to determine the best roughage combination of alfalfa meal (AM) and ammoniated corn straw (ACS),so as to improve the efficiency of roughage utilization and reduce the cost of feeding. The AM was mixed with ACS in the proportion of 100:0,80:20,60:40,50:50,40:60,20:80 and 0:100 with 3 replicates per group. The accumulated gas production (GP) at fermentation for 3,6,12,24,48 h,and the changes of pH,dry matter disappearance rate (DMD),ammonia nitrogen (NH₃-N) concentration, microbial protein (MCP) and volatile fat acids (VFA) concentration,and their single factor associative effects index (SFAEI) and multiply factors associative effects index (MFAEI) were determined by gas production technique in vitro after fermentation for 48 h. The results showed as follows:The accumulated gas production of AM20:ACS80 group was higher than that of the other groups,and the DMD of AM0:ACS100 group was significantly lower than other groups (P<0.05).The NH₃-N concentration of AM20:ACS80 and AM0:ACS100 groups was significantly higher than the other groups (P<0.05).The MCP concentration was highest in AM20:ACS80 group,and the concentration of acetic acid and TVFA in AM20:ACS80 group was the highest (P<0.05),and the acetic acid/propionic acid ratio in all groups was more than 3,which indicating that it belonged to the acetic acid fermentation type.The pH during the fermentation ranged from 6.69 to 6.85.The results of MFAEI and SFAEI of each combination indicated that only the AM20:ACS80 group showed the positive associative effects. In conclusion,the 20:80 combination ratio for AM and ACS showed the best associative effects.     

贵州省部分县(市、区)猪附红细胞体病的流行病学调查

附红细胞体病(Eperythrozoonosis)是由专性血液寄生生物———附红细胞体(Eperythrozoon)寄生于红细胞引起的以贫血、黄疸、发热等临床症状为特征的人畜共患传染性疾病。由于该病一般情况下多呈隐性感染而较少出现明显临床症状,极易被人们忽视。1932年,Doyle首次在印度报道了附红细胞体病。1950年,Splitter首次发现猪附红细胞体(EperythrozoonSuis)。在我国,许耀成等(1982)首次在江苏南部红皮病猪血液中检查到猪附红细胞体(E.Suis)。2005年,徐洪忠等首次报道了贵州省猪附红细胞体病。目前已有30多个国家和地区报道了猪附红细胞体病,我国…     

饲料中磺胺二甲基嘧啶的测定

用对-二甲氨基苯甲醛作显色剂,采用分光光度法测定饲料中磺胺二甲基嘧啶,最小检测量为0.05mg/kg,平均回收率分别为99.2%,变异系数≤5%,且该方法具有操作简便、快速,试剂消耗少,结果准确、离散程度小等优点。     

天峻县草地地上生物量遥感监测模型

【目的】快速、准确和大范围地对天峻县草地地上生物量（Above-Ground Biomass,AGB ）进行监测。【方法】利用天峻县 Landsat 8 OLI 遥感图像数据和同期 43 处样点实测生物量数据,分别建立了归一化植被指数（Normalized Difference Vegetation Index,NDVI）、土壤调节植被指数（Soil-Adjusted Vegetation Index,SAVI）、修改型土壤调节植被指数（Modified Soil - Adjusted Vegetation - Index, MSAVI）、比值植被指数（Ratio Vegetation Index,RVI）与草地地上生物量的遥感统计模型,分析遥感植被指数与草地地上生物量之间的相关性。【结果】天峻县遥感植被指数与草地地上生物量之间存在较好的相关性,但不同的统计模型的拟合效果不同;由 4 个自变量建立的多元线性回归模型的比一元线性回归模型有更好的拟合效果;遥感植被指数与草地地上生物量建立的三次项回归模型在拟合精度上较一元线性和多元线性高,为 y=116. 12x³ –898. 48x² +1 672. 1x–1 003. 4。【结论】 RVI 与草地地上生物量三次项模型适用于监测天峻县地区的草地地上生物量。     

饲料中的霉菌毒素及其防制措施

霉菌毒素是由真菌或霉菌产生的次级代谢产物,在动物体中,霉菌毒素的毒性是慢性的,很少引起动物死亡。但是霉菌毒素的存在降低了饲料的营养价值,以及动物的生产性能,从而影响生产力,且霉菌毒素在畜产品(肉、奶等)中的残留会给人类健康带来严重威胁。作者主要介绍了饲料中常见的霉菌毒素(黄曲霉毒素、赭曲霉毒素、玉米赤霉烯酮、脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇、T-2毒素、伏马菌素等),以及其毒性和危害,并从预防与去毒两个方面,阐述了霉菌毒素的防制措施,进而减少霉菌毒素造成的危害。     

Increasing selenium supply during the close-up dry period improves nutrient metabolism and attenuates inflammatory response after calving in dairy cows

The objective of this study was to investigate whether feeding selenium (Se)-replete cows a Se-yeast supplement in late pregnancy affects nutrient metabolism and inflammatory response during the periparturient period. Twenty cows were randomly assigned to two groups with 10 cows each. Cows in one group received Se-yeast at 0.3 mg Se/kg DM during the last 4 weeks before calving in addition to fed a TMR containing supplemented sodium selenite at 0.3 mg Se/kg DM (Se-yeast), while cows in another group were only fed a TMR containing supplemented sodium selenite at 0.3 mg Se/kg DM (Control). Blood samples were collected and analyzed for nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA), glucose, insulin, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, serum amyloid A (SAA), haptoglobin (Hp), and albumin. In control cows, plasma NEFA, IL-1β, IL-6, SAA, and Hp levels increased after calving, but glucose, insulin, and albumin levels decreased after parturition. Se-yeast supplemental cows had lower postpartum concentrations of NEFA, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, SAA, and Hp, and higher postpartum levels of glucose, insulin, and albumin compared with control cows. The results indicate that feeding Se-replete cows a Se-yeast supplement in late pregnancy improves nutrient metabolism and attenuates the inflammatory response after calving.     

高精料饲喂产生脂多糖对奶山羊血浆游离氨基酸分配的影响及其机制

为了探讨高精料饲喂产生LPS对奶山羊血浆游离氨基酸重分配的影响及其机制,本研究选用奶山羊6只,随机分为2组,分别饲喂精粗比为4∶6(低精料组)和6∶4(高精料组)的日粮,交叉试验设计,分2期进行,每期14d。在试验第3周测定瘤胃液pH、血液中LPS含量和游离氨基酸含量。结果表明,自第3周,高精料组山羊开始出现亚急性瘤胃酸中毒,外周血液中LPS含量显著升高(P<0.05);血浆中各氨基酸含量均发生变化,表现为Glu、Ala含量极显著降低(P<0.01),Gln、Arg、Thr、Lys、总非必需氨基酸、总游离氨基酸、总生糖氨基酸均显著低于低精料组(P<0.05)。结果提示,饲粮中精饲料比例增加,血浆氨基酸发生重分配,其机理可能与瘤胃pH下降和血液中LPS含量升高有关。     

破伤风疫苗的研究进展

作者阐述了破伤风毒素的来源、危害、历史以及在预防破伤风方面的疫苗研制情况，破伤风类毒素制备工艺及其存在的不足，提出了亚单位疫苗、基因疫苗和基因工程疫苗等的优点和应用前景。