小麦白粉病防治药剂筛选试验研究

于2014年在阜宁县实施了六大类型15种不同药剂防治小麦白粉病的筛选试验。结果表明,三唑酮、戊唑醇等11个药种对小麦白粉病具有较好的防治效果,应于小麦白粉病始盛期第1次施药,盛发期(间隔7 d)第2次施药,连续施药2次,为延缓小麦白粉病的抗药性,要做好不同药种的交替轮换使用。     

花序花期喷水对“西拉”葡萄果实品质的影响

"西拉"葡萄(Vitis vinifera L.)果穗紧密,果粒挤压变形严重,内部果粒着色差,果实成熟期病害严重,品质难以保证。葡萄开花期连续降雨可导致坐果降低,通过试验模拟葡萄开花期降雨,可以一定程度上降低葡萄坐果率,达到疏松果穗的目的。试验以"西拉"葡萄为试材,设置葡萄开花前期、后期和整个花期3个喷水处理,每天喷一次水,在葡萄果实膨大期调查坐果率;葡萄成熟后调查葡萄发病率,测定葡萄还原糖、总酸、总酚、总单宁、总花色苷、单体花色苷、单体酚类含量。结果表明:花期喷水能提高葡萄浆果品质,且受喷水次数与时期影响较大。整个花期每天喷一次水,"西拉"葡萄品质表现最佳,开花后期喷水比前期喷水的葡萄浆果品质更好。因此,建议在葡萄管理中,若开花期天气连续晴朗,可以通过花序喷水疏松葡萄果穗,提升葡萄品质。     

Ethyl acetate fraction of flavonoids from Polygonum hydropiper L. modulates pseudorabies virus-induced inflammation in RAW264.7 cells via the nuclear factor-kappa B and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways

Pseudorabies virus (PRV) infection leads to severe inflammatory responses and tissue damage, and many natural herbs exhibit protective effects against viral infection by modulating the inflammatory response. An ethyl acetate fraction of flavonoids from Polygonum hydropiper L. (FEA) was prepared through ethanol extraction and ethyl acetate fractional extraction. An inflammatory model was established in RAW264.7 cells with PRV infection to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of FEA by measuring cell viability, nitric oxide (NO) production, reactive oxygen species (ROS) release, and mRNA expression of inflammatory factors, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Its functional mechanism was investigated by analyzing the phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of key proteins in the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. Our findings indicate that PRV induced inflammatory responses in RAW264.7 cells, and the responses were similar to that in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated cells. FEA significantly suppressed NO synthesis and down-regulated both expression and secretion of COX-2, iNOS, and inflammatory cytokines (P<0.05 or P<0.01). FEA also reduced NF-κB p65 translocation into the nucleus and decreased MAPK phosphorylation, indicating that the NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathway may be closely related to the inflammatory response during viral infection. The findings suggested the potential pharmaceutical application of FEA as a natural product that can treat viral infections due to its ability to mitigate inflammatory responses.     

The localization and expression of epidermal growth factor and epidermal growth factor receptor in bovine ovary during oestrous cycle

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is one of the important regulatory factors of EGF family. EGF has been indicated to effectively inhibit the apoptosis of follicular cells, to promote the proliferation of granulosa cells and the maturation of oocytes, and to induce ovulation process via binding to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). However, little is known about the distribution and expression of EGF and EGFR in cattle ovary especially during oestrous cycle. In this study, the localization and expression rule of EGF and EGFR in cattle ovaries of follicular phase and luteal phase at different time points in oestrous cycle were investigated by using IHC and real-time qPCR. The results showed that EGF and EGFR in cattle ovary were mainly expressed in granulosa cells, cumulus cells, oocytes, zona pellucida, follicular fluid and theca folliculi externa of follicles. The protein and mRNA expression of EGF/EGFR in follicles changed regularly with the follicular growth wave both in follicular and in luteal phase ovaries. In follicular phase ovaries, the protein expression of EGF and EGFR was higher in antral follicles than that of those in other follicles during follicular growth stage, and the mRNA expression of EGFR was also increased in stage of dominant follicle selection. However, in luteal phase ovaries, the growth of follicles was impeded during corpus luteum development under the action of progesterone secreted by granular lutein cell. The mRNA and protein expressions of EGF and EGFR in ovarian follicles during oestrous cycle indicate that they play a role in promoting follicular development in follicular growth waves and mediating the selection process of dominant follicles.     

10 kV交联聚乙烯电缆原理及其结构分析

对10kV交联聚乙烯电缆的电气原理及其结构进行分析和研究,以期规范电缆运行维护,降低故障率。     

朗乡省级自然保护区露营旅游SWOT分析与开发对策

以黑龙江省朗乡省级自然保护区为研究对象,运用SWOT方法对其露营旅游进行分析。结果表明:黑龙江省朗乡省级自然保护区发展露营旅游存在一定的劣势与威胁,但总体上的优势与机会明显,并在此基础上提出有利于朗乡露营旅游可持续发展的对策,旨在为朗乡自然保护区露营旅游的合理开发和利用提供参考。     

审计师行业专长、产品市场竞争与财务重述——来自中国证券市场的经验证据

以2007~2012年我国A股上市公司为样本，对审计师行业专长与财务重述的关系，以及产品市场竞争程度对两者关系的影响进行实证研究。结果表明：审计师行业专长有助于降低财务重述发生的概率；产品市场竞争则削弱了审计师行业专长对财务重述行为的抑制作用。     

中国奶山羊产业发展现状和趋势

羊奶业是我国奶业的重要组成部分，是部分地区经济发展的重要支柱产业。论文简要介绍了羊奶的营养价值研究进展，世界、我国和陕西奶山羊产业的发展现状，并展望奶山羊产业发展前景，以期为我国奶山羊产业的发展提供参考。     

桉树体细胞培养研究进展

体细胞培养能获得稳定的遗传材料,还能通过变异获得抗性的育种材料。在现代科学技术的支撑下,通过体细胞培养来获得次生代谢物和进行细胞育种的技术不断完善。本文从桉树愈伤组织培养、原生质体培养、悬浮培养、体细胞胚胎发生和人工种子等五个方面对二十世纪八十年代以来桉树体细胞培养的研究进展进行了综述。     

水稻半外卷叶突变体sol1的表型分析与基因定位

适度卷曲有利于提高水稻叶片的光合效率,增加植株光合产物的有效积累量。我们利用甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS)处理籼型水稻保持系西农1B,获得一个稳定遗传的水稻半外卷叶突变体。该突变体从十叶期开始各叶片逐渐向外卷曲直至半卷状,并伴随茎秆半矮化和叶片披垂,暂被命名为semi-outcurved leaf 1(sol1)。与野生型(WT)相比,sol1的叶片卷曲指数均达到30%以上(P<0.01);倒一、倒二、倒三、倒四节节间长度和穗长极显著缩短,倒一、倒二、倒三叶的叶夹角显著或极显著增加;有效穗数、千粒重、每穗实粒数、结实率显著或极显著下降,一次枝梗数则增加11.3%(P<0.05)。sol1的蒸腾速率、胞间CO2浓度、气孔导度显著高于野生型。石蜡切片显示,sol1倒一叶的泡状细胞体积变小,数量显著增多,表皮细胞体积略微增大。遗传分析表明,sol1的半外卷叶性状受1对隐性核基因调控,定位于6号染色体标记JY6-3和JY6-10之间165 kb的物理范围内,共含15个注释基因。qRT-PCR结果表明,与泡状细胞相关的内卷基因和外卷叶基因RL14、Roc5、REL1在突变体sol1中呈不同程度的上调,NRL、BRD1、OsHox32、ADL1、LC2则呈不同程度的下调。研究结果为SOL1基因的克隆和功能研究奠定了基础。