Effects of Energy,Protein and Amino Acids Levels on the Development of Mammary Gland and the Growth of Fetus in Sows at Late Gestation

Late gestation is an important period for rapid development of the sow's mammary gland and fetus. It is becoming more and more important to provide a suitable nutrient level in late gestation period for improve the reproductive efficiency of sow. Demand of energy, protein and amino acids for mammary gland and fetus in sows at late gestation are different. To provide reasonable nutrition for fetus, at the same time for the needs of mammary gland are still seldom reported. In this paper, the effects of dietary energy, protein and amino acids levels on the development of mammary gland and the growth of fetus were reviewed,the authors propose the requirement of energy, protein amino acid and reasonable proportion in sows at late gestation, in order to give some guidance for pig farmers.     

双向电泳结合蛋白质印迹技术分析猪囊尾蚴乳酸脱氢酶

为了研究猪囊尾蚴乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)的表达,试验选择四川省雅江县呷拉乡猪带绦虫病患者,给其口服槟榔-南瓜子驱虫,收集、制备虫卵悬液(8万个/mL),再给3头20日龄三元杂交乳猪猪灌胃虫卵悬液,每头1 mL,40 d后收集、制备猪囊尾蚴蛋白,进行双向电泳(2-DE)分析,将凝胶蛋白斑点转移至聚偏氟乙烯膜(PVDF膜),用自制的大鼠抗猪带绦虫LDH血清作为一抗、健康大鼠血清作为阴性对照进行蛋白质印迹(Western-blotting)分析。结果表明:双向电泳凝胶共检测到(207±9)个蛋白质斑点,相对分子质量(Mr)为14 400～94 000,等电点(pI)为3.0～10.0;试验组特异性抗原抗体阳性杂交斑点为1个,阴性对照未见阳性杂交斑点;将Western-blotting检测的抗原抗体阳性杂交斑点与原双向电泳凝胶斑点进行比对,找到对应蛋白斑点,经ImageMaster 2D Platinum 5.0软件分析后初步确定该蛋白斑点的pI/Mr为7.03/35 368,与猪带绦虫LDH的pI/Mr理论推导值接近,说明猪囊尾蚴表达LDH。     

硫酸新霉素可溶性粉在靶动物猪的安全性研究

为了客观评价硫酸新霉素可溶性粉对靶动物猪临床应用的安全性,将32头仔猪随机分为4组,每组8头,分别设1倍、3倍、5倍临床推荐剂量组和空白对照组,连续混饮硫酸新霉素可溶性粉15 d,通过检测各组受试猪的临床表现、血液常规指标、血清生化指标、尿液常规指标及病理学变化等评价其临床用药的安全性。结果:硫酸新霉素可溶性粉以5倍临床推荐剂量内应用于靶动物猪后,对其临床症状、体重、血常规、血生化及尿常规等指标没有显著影响,解剖学及病理组织学检查也未见任何病理变化,说明硫酸新霉素可溶性粉以1倍、3倍、5倍临床推荐剂量应用于靶动物猪是安全的。     

饲料中添加酶制剂的作用

随着酶制剂的开发和利用,人们对不同种类的动物,不同的日粮类型作了大量的研究。结果发现饲料中添加酶制剂,除分解特定的底物外,还可最大限度地消除饲料中某些抗营养因子的抗营养作用,影响动物机体的内泌,增强免疫,改善动物生产性能,提高畜产品的产量和质量。     

异丙酚麻醉对犬机体抗氧化功能的影响

应用5%葡萄糖注射液稀释,稀释度1:5(2 g/L),犬异丙酚(4.25±0.5)mg/kg单次注射,麻醉维持剂量为0.4 mg/kg/分钟静脉输注,维持时闻为60 min.于麻醉前和麻醉后5、15、45、75、120 min分别采血离心,测定血清中丙二醛、一氧化氮、活性氧自由基、总抗氧化能力、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽(GSH).结果表明异丙酚麻醉对犬机体抗氧化能力具有保护作用.     

植酸酶在畜禽生产中的应用研究

植酸又名肌醇六磷酸,是一种抗营养因子。植酸在低pH条件下可与蛋白质分子的碱性基团结合,络合蛋白质,抑制胃蛋白酶、淀粉酶和胰蛋白酶等消化酶的活性,降低蛋白质、淀粉及脂类等营养成分的消化利用率。同时,植酸也具有极强的螯合能力,能与钙、钾、锌、铁及铜等矿物质形成不溶性盐类,影响矿物质的吸收。     

奶牛乳腺炎诊断方法研究进展

奶牛乳腺炎的诊断方法有很多,临床乳腺炎可根据临床症状进行诊断,用于隐性乳腺炎的诊断方法有乳汁细胞学检查、乳汁的细菌培养、电导率测定、pH值的检查、乳清电泳诊断法、酶检测法、PCR检测方法、被毛微量元素检验法以及其它衍生方法.本文对奶牛乳房炎诊断研究进展作了系统的介绍.     

中药复方多糖及其均一组分对雏鸡免疫功能的影响

目的:观察从自拟中药复方免疫增强剂中提取的复方多糖及其均一组分对雏鸡免疫功能的影响。方法:将14日龄健康雏鸡660只随机分为12组,每组55只。分别于15、16、17日龄口服黄芪多糖 环磷酰胺、复方多糖 环磷酰胺、GCPS-1-A-Ⅰ(多糖均一组分Ⅰ) 环磷酰胺、GCPS-2-A-Ⅱ(多糖均一组分Ⅱ) 环磷酰胺、GCPS-3-A-Ⅲ(多糖均一组分Ⅲ) 环磷酰胺、黄芪多糖、复方多糖、GCPS-1-A-Ⅰ、GCPS-2-A-Ⅱ、GCPS-3-A-Ⅲ、生理盐水、肌注环磷酰胺。分别在用药前、用药后7 d、14 d、21 d、28 d、35 d、42 d采血,测定红细胞数量;分别在NDⅣ系疫苗首免后7、14、21 d,二免后7、14、21 d采血、分离血清,测定ND-H I抗体效价。结果:中药复方多糖及其均一组分可使雏鸡红细胞数量、首免和二免后ND-H I抗体效价明显升高,其中以GCPS-2-A-Ⅱ组效果最佳;环磷酰胺可使上述指标明显下降,中药多糖能使环磷酰胺所致免疫抑制逆转至正常水平,复方多糖 环磷酰胺组、GCPS-2-A-Ⅱ 环磷酰胺组、GCPS-1-A-Ⅰ组、GCPS-3-A-Ⅲ组与生理盐水对照组相比差异不显著,复方多糖组、GCPS-2-A-Ⅱ组与黄芪多糖组相比差异显著。结论:中药复方多糖均一组分具有很好的免疫增强作用,但是其纯度与免疫增强效果不成正比。     

棉籽糖的生理功能及其在动物生产中的应用

棉籽糖是植物界中分布最广泛的低聚糖之一。棉籽糖能促进双歧杆菌的增殖和调节肠道菌群平衡,还具有免疫调节、抗氧化、保肝作用等特殊生理功能。文章综述棉籽糖的生理功能及其在动物生产中的应用研究进展,为棉籽糖在动物生产的应用中的进一步开发和利用提供参考。     

Whistle signal variations among three Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin populations in the South China Sea: a combined effect of the Qiongzhou Strait's geographical barrier function and local ambient noise?

Geographic variations in the dolphin whistles could be useful in assessing association and isolation among populations. Whistle of free-ranging Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins (Sousa chinensis) among the Pearl River Estuary (PRE), Leizhou Bei (LZB) and Sanniang Bay (SNB) populations were investigated. A total of 2850 whistles with legible fundamental contour were extracted and 15 acoustic parameters were measured. Contrary to SNB, PRE and LZB had the same relative proportion of tonal type compositions with flat and sine representing the most frequent types. The generalized linear model analysis showed significant acoustic difference among populations and tonal types. All frequency parameters in SNB were significantly higher than those in PRE and LZB, where no significant variation was observed in most of the parameters either at the population level or within each tonal type. Canonical discriminant functions analysis showed a smaller difference between PRE and LZB than between PRE and SNB and between LZB and SNB. Compared with previous recordings, recent recordings demonstrated a consistent pattern of becoming higher in whistle frequency parameters in both LZB and SNB populations, suggesting that noise pollution in LZB and SNB increasing with time according to the acoustic niche hypothesis. Dolphin whistle's geographic variations could be shaped by the combined function of the geographical barrier function of the Qiongzhou strait and local ambient noise. Considering the isolated condition and the relatively smaller population size of the humpback dolphin in the SNB, more effective and proactive conservation actions should be taken to prevent the extinction of small populations.