基于快速幂法子空间跟踪的低频振荡辨识方法

基于中国农村1986~2010年的时间序列数据，采用状态空间模型和中介效应分析方法检验并测算了农村金融发展对农村贫困的影响效应及其成分。研究结果表明：农村金融发展有效促进了农村贫困缓减，并且在促进农村贫困缓减的过程中中介效应与直接效应并存。     

微波辐射法竹浆纤维素的中性TEMPO氧化及表征

采用微波辐射法和中性2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-1-氧化物(TEMPO)自由基氧化工艺来预处理竹浆纤维素,之后用超声波机械处理制备微纤化纤维素。实验结果表明,在60℃下,TEMPO用量为0.15 mmol/g(以绝干浆计,下同),Na Cl O2用量为10 mmol/g,Na Cl O用量为1 mmol/g,微波氧化2 h,其羧基含量最高到达0.729 mmol/g,氧化效果最佳,超声波处理后微纤化纤维素得率高达85.7%。FT-IR分析表明纤维素氧化后引入羧基官能团;XRD结果揭示纤维素氧化反应只发生在纤维素的无定型区或结晶区表面;纤维素氧化前后的聚合度(Dp)结果表明相对于碱性氧化,微波辐射和中性TEMPO氧化对纤维的降解程度低,从而有效地保持了纤维素原本的长度。     

Nutrient uptake requirements with increasing grain yield for rice in China

Improved estimates of nutrient requirements for rice（Oryza sativa L.）in China are essential to optimize fertilization regulation for increasing grain yields and reducing the potential of environmental negative influences,especially under high-yielding intensive systems.A database involving rice grain yields,nutrient concentrations and accumulations collected from on-field station experiments in the literatures published from 2000 to 2013 in China was developed to understand the relationships between grain yields and plant nutrient uptakes,and to quantify nutrient requirements for different yield levels.Considering all data sets,rice grain yield ranged from 1.4 to 15.2t ha^-1with the mean value of 7.84t ha^-1,and ca.10.4%of yield observations were higher than the yield barrier level of 10 t ha^-1.N requirement to produce one ton grain was 21.10 kg for the yield range<4.0t ha^-1with a high variation of 45.8%.Except of the yield range<4.0t ha^-1,the values of N requirement,firstly increased from 18.78 kg for yield range 4.0-5.5 t ha^-1to 20.62 kg for yield range 7.0-8.5 t ha^-1,then decreased slightly to 19.67 and19.17 kg for the yield range 8.5-10 and>10 t ha^-1,respectively.Phosphorus（P）and potassium（K）requirements showed increasing trends,from 3.51 and 19.87 kg per t grain for<4.0 t ha^-1yield range to 4.10 and 21.70 kg for>10.0t ha^-1range.In conclusion,nutrient requirement varied with increasement of grain yield,and N,P and K presented various response trends,increasing,declining or stagnating,which would be of great benefit for improving fertilizer strategies.     

不同立地条件对川黔紫薇生长的影响

为了探索不同立地条件对川黔紫薇生长的影响,选取湖南省森林植物园、湖南城步南洞林场2个试验点研究了川黔紫薇1年生播种苗生长情况;选取湖南省森林植物园、湖南城步南洞林场和城步茅坪3个试验点研究了造林6年的川黔紫薇幼树生长情况。结果表明:(1)2个试验点的川黔紫薇1年生苗株高、地径均有极显著差异,以板页岩发育的黄壤的城步南洞林场试验点的1年生苗平均株高和地径分别为1.65 m、1.16 cm,以四纪网纹层发育的低丘红壤的湖南省森林植物园试验点的1年生苗平均株高和地径分别为1.08 m、0.82 cm。(2)3个造林试验点的6年生川黔紫薇的树高、胸径均有极显著差异,以板页岩发育的黄壤的城步南洞林场试验点的植株生长最快,平均树高和胸径分别为5.8 m和7.94 cm,以石灰岩发育的黄壤的城步茅坪试验点的植株次之,以四纪网纹层发育的低丘红壤的湖南省森林植物园试验点的植株生长最慢。结论认为川黔紫薇能在湖南省低丘至山地较大范围内栽培,但最适范围是海拔500 m左右及以上可造林山地,并且该树种是石漠化治理的优良树种。     

仰角式三相分离增压一体化装置的研发与应用

大港油田以新技术、新工艺、新设备的应用为支撑,以集成化、橇装化为突破口,针对传统接转站存在的问题,研制了仰角式三相分离增压一体化装置。采用仰角式分离器,分离效率高,设备结构紧凑、体积小,通过合理布局将分离器与外输泵集成在同一橇块上,实现了油气水三相分离、就地切水、原油(液)增压输送等功能,且橇块体积小,集成度高。该装置在白一接转站得到应用,实现了白一接转站采出水就地处理回注、油气分输等功能,简化了白一接转站站内流程,对优化板桥油田以及系统节能降耗起到了很好的推动作用。     

Pathogenesis of HIV-associated dementia and its potential drug targets

HIV-associated dementia (HAD) is a serious complication of AIDS patients. With the wide application of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), the replication of HIV is under effective control and the incidence of HAD is also declined. However, a relatively mild HIV-associated symptom of dementia, called minor cognitively motor disorder (MCMD), become the problem and can not be neglected in the treatment of AIDS. The neural injury caused by HIV may be mediated mainly by macrophages, microglia and astrocytes, though we can not rule out the direct damage on neurons by HIV proteins. To date, the precise mechanism of neural damage caused by HIV remains unclear. The present review tries to figure out the recent progress of pathogenesis and potential drug targets for HAD.     

一种新颖的阳离子非病毒基因载体 Chitosan-g-PEI-g-PEG-OH 的性能研究

研究了新型阳离子聚合物Chitosan-g-PEI-g-PEG-OH的性能，重点考察其粒度，基因转染效率与细胞毒性，探讨了其作为基因载体的可能性.通过动态光散射仪（DSL）、透射电镜（TEM）观察了Chitosan-g-PEI-g-PEG-OH与DNA自组装形成的颗粒形态及粒径，Chitosan-g-PEI-g-PEG-OH可复合DNA形成粒径160～210 nm的纳米复合物，适合进入细胞.使用MTT比色法分析Chitosan-g-PEI-g-PEG-OH的毒性并与PEI，PEI-g-PEG-OH比较.选用增强型绿色荧光蛋白(EGFP) 转染Hela细胞，应用流式细胞术检测转染效率.新型阳离子多聚物Chitosan-g-PEI-g-PEG-OH在提高基因转染效率的同时降低了其细胞毒性，有望成为基因转移的有效载体.     

凉茶渣的黑曲霉发酵工艺和抗氧化活性研究

为促进凉茶渣在畜牧业中的资源化利用,本研究以黑曲霉为菌种固态发酵凉茶渣,首先在单因素试验条件下考察了时间、温度、含水量、浸泡液pH、氮源和碳源对凉茶渣降解率和产物pH的影响;再根据单因素试验结果和规模化生产实际需要,以4%硫酸铵为氮源,2%葡萄糖为碳源,以降解率为考察指标,通过正交试验优化发酵工艺;并通过检测超氧自由基清除率、羟基自由基清除率和1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼（DPPH）自由基清除率,评价凉茶渣在最优工艺条件下发酵前后抗氧化活性的变化。结果发现,含水量为60%,浸泡液pH为9.0,31℃发酵168 h是凉茶渣的最佳发酵工艺参数。最佳工艺条件下凉茶渣的降解率为25.23%,发酵产物pH为4.53。当凉茶渣发酵前水提液浓度为24 mg/mL时,超氧自由基清除率为43.56%,羟基自由基清除率为47.06%,DPPH自由基清除率为90.71%;当最优条件下发酵产物水提液浓度24 mg/mL时,超氧自由基清除率为30.77%,羟基自由基清除率为95.63%,DPPH自由基清除率为87.36%。本试验结果表明,黑曲霉是适宜的凉茶渣发酵菌种,且凉茶渣经过黑曲霉发酵后具有良好的抗氧化活性。     

西藏设施番茄晚疫病病原菌鉴定及生物学特性研究

以具典型晚疫病症状的番茄病叶为试材,采用薯片夹叶分离法对病原菌进行分离,测定了不同培养基、pH、温度、碳源、氮源对菌丝生长、产孢的影响,通过病原菌鉴定和生物学特性研究,以期为西藏设施番茄晚疫病发生及防治提供理论依据。结果表明:引起设施番茄晚疫病的病原菌为致病疫霉菌Phytophthora infestans(Mont)de Bary。病菌菌丝在大多数培养基上均能良好生长,其中RSA培养基最适宜菌丝生长及产孢;菌丝生长和产孢的最适温度范围为18℃,最适生长pH 6~7;菌丝对碳源的利用,以可溶性淀粉最好,麦芽糖最差;在氮源利用方面,菌丝在以脯氨酸为氮源的查氏培养基上生长最快,在精氨酸、胱氨酸和氯化铵上不生长。孢子囊的致死温度为55℃,15min。     

Research on Relationship between the Level of Urbanization and the Growth of Real Estate Investment

The population proportion index is usually introduced to measure the level of urbanization, which is an important index to the national economy. The fast development of urbanization would inevitably cause the increase of the investment in real estate industry. Introducing the Granger Test of Causality analytical method, in this paper the relationship between the level of urbanization and the investment in real estate industry from 1986 to 2003 in China is analyzed. It reveals that both of them are on the stage of constant up - rising, and the correlation index of 0. 205 shows that the relationship between them is a mutual promoting causality.