花前施用6-BA对抗寒无核葡萄胚挽救效果的影响

在花前14 d,分别对4个抗寒无核葡萄杂交组合‘火焰无核’×00-1-5、‘秦红10号’×00-1-5、‘秦红2号’ב木星’和‘红宝石无核’×00-1-5的母本花序施用不同浓度6-BA,以MM3固液双相培养基作为胚发育培养基,WPM固体培养基作为胚萌发培养基进行胚挽救,研究花前施用6-BA对胚挽救效果的影响。结果表明:花前施用6-BA对胚的发育起促进作用,但不同浓度6-BA对不同杂交组合的胚挽救效果不同,其中‘秦红10号’×00-1-5、‘秦红2号’ב木星’和‘红宝石无核’×00-1-5在6-BA浓度为50mg/L时,胚发育率、萌发率和成苗率最高;而‘火焰无核’×00-1-5在6-BA浓度为30 mg/L时,胚发育率、萌发率和成苗率最高。无核品种‘秦红2号’‘红宝石无核’最适宜作母本,‘火焰无核’胚挽救效果较差。     

Effects of capsaicin on cognitive impairment and mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes in rats with chronic cerebral hypoperfusion

AIM:To observe the effects of capsaicin on cognitive impairment and mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes (MAMs) of hippocampal CA1 area in the rats with chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH), and to investigate the underlying molecule mechanism of cognitive defects induced by ischemia. METHODS:Healthy male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats(n=48) were randomly divided into sham operation (sham) group,CCH model (CCH) group, capsaicin group,and solvent group, 12 rats in each group. Capsaicin at 2.5 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected twice a week for 4 weeks, starting on the 7th day after surgery. The rats in solvent group were given the same amount of solvent at the same time and under the same conditions. Morris water maze, object recognition test and open field test were conducted to analyze the cognitive related behavior performance on the 4th week after surgery. The changes of MAMs in the hippocampal CA1 region were observed under transmission electron microscope, the co-localization of the MAMs was observed by immunofluorescence double-labeling, and the expression of mitofusin 2 (Mfn2) in the hippocampal tissue was determined by Western blot.RESULTS:Four weeks after the operation, the behavior tests showed that the cognitive function of CCH rats was impaired compared with sham operation group. Compared with solvent group, spatial learning and memory in capsaicin group was improved significantly. The results of transmission electron microscope and confocal microscope showed that the distance of MAMs in the hippocampal CA1 area of CCH rats was increased compared with sham operation group, and the co-localization of the contacts was decreased (P<0.05). Compared with solvent group, the correlation between the mitochondria and ER in capsaicin group was increased (P<0.05). The protein level of Mfn2 in CCH group was significantly lower than that in sham group (P<0.05). Compared with solvent group, the protein level of Mfn2 in capsaicin group was higher (P<0.05). CONCLUSION:CCH rats showed decreased cognitive function and loosen MAMs. Capsaicin improves the cognitive behavior of CCH rats by up-regulation of MAMs.     

Protective effect of curcumin analogue L6H4 on diaphragm of type 2 diabetic rats

AIM: To investigate the protective effect of curcumin analogue L6H4 on diaphragm of type 2 diabetic rats.METHODS: SPF male Sprague-Dawley rats (n=40) were randomly divided into 5 groups: normal control (NC) group, high fat (HF) group, high fat+L6H4 treatment (FT) group, diabetes mellitus (DM) group and DM+L6H4 treatment (DT) group. The rats in the later 4 groups were fed with high-fat diet. After 4 weeks of high-fat diet fee-ding, the rats in DM and DT groups were intraperitoneally injected with streptozotocin to induce type 2 diabetes melliutus. The rats in FT and DT groups were given L6H4 by gavage for 8 weeks. Blood glucose and blood lipid levels were detected biochemically. Fasting serum insulin (FINS) level was measured by radioimmunoassay and insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) was calculated. Serum adiponectin (APN) level was measured by ELISA. The morphological changes of the diaphragm were observed under light and transmission electron microscopes. Lipid deposition and the activity of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and NADH-tetrazolium reductase (NADH-TR) were observed by enzyme histochemical staining. The content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the diaphragm were measured by thiobarbituric acid method and hydroxylamine method, respectively. The protein expression of adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1) in the diaphragm was determined by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. RESULTS: The levels of blood lipids, blood glucose, FINS and HOMA-IR in HF and DM groups were higher than those in NC group, but decreased after L6H4 treatment. The serum APN level in HF and DM groups was lower than that in NC group, but increased after treatment with L6H4. The muscle fibers of the diaphragm were shrunk, fat particles accumulated in the muscle fibers, and the mitochondria were slightly swollen in HF and DM groups. The diaphragmatic fibrosis was obvious in DM group. These lesions were relieved after L6H4 treatment. Compared with NC group, the level of MDA and the activity of SDH and NADH-TR in the diaphragm were increased in HF and DM groups, but decreased after treatment with L6H4. The activity of SOD and the expression of AdipoR1 in the diaphragm were lower than those in NC group, but increased after L6H4 treatment.CONCLUSION: The curcumin analogue L6H4 exerts a protective effect on diaphragm in type 2 diabetic rats. The strengthened protein expression of AdipoR1, the increased serum level of APN, and anti-lipid peroxidation may be involved in the process.     

鲜切生菜贮藏期间产品品质变化及褐变发生规律

为了研究鲜切生菜贮藏期间品质变化和褐变发生的规律及其内在机理,以新鲜圆生菜为试材,经切分处理,置于4℃下贮藏,观测贮藏期间鲜切生菜外观品质、主要营养成分以及与褐变相关的褐变度,苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性变化规律。结果表明:随着贮藏时间的延长,经过切分处理的鲜切生菜的含水量逐步降低,失重率增大,后期腐烂明显;主要营养成分叶绿素、还原型维生素C(VC)、可溶性蛋白质含量均出现不同程度的下降;褐变度呈现上升趋势,组织中的PAL活性和总酚含量先升高后逐步下降;PPO活性在整个贮藏时期内呈现出下降趋势,POD活性在贮藏的后期迅速升高。综合分析认为,切分损伤能够诱使PAL活性提高,并促进酶促褐变底物酚类物质的大量积累,通过PPO和POD协同作用,加剧褐变发生;鲜切生菜随贮藏时间延长,其综合品质下降,建议最佳食用期0~3d,货架期0~8d。     

视觉传达设计中的人性化设计及其在家具设计中的应用

当年轻族群成为终端消费市场上的主流之后,为有效满足这些年轻人个性化的需求,在家具生产与设计的过程中,越来越多的人性化、个性化设计方案被投入实际应用中,这不仅有效增强了这些家具的实用性,同时也扩充了其适用性。概述了视觉传达设计中的人性化设计,阐释了家具人性化设计具体内涵,详细分析了家具人性化设计基本特征,进而对家具人性化设计发展趋势进行研判,以期为人性化设计理念在家具设计中广泛应用提供参考。     

辐照技术消减食物过敏原致敏性研究进展

食物过敏是当前威胁人类健康的重大食品安全问题之一。辐照技术可以消减食物过敏原,是一项颇具发展潜力的物理消敏技术。本文介绍了辐照消敏技术的特点、原理和发展历程,阐述了辐照消减动物源过敏食物牛乳、鸡蛋、虾、鱼等过敏原致敏性和植物源过敏食物花生、大豆、小麦、坚果等过敏原致敏性的研究进展,分析了辐照消减食物过敏原的效果和影响因素,探讨了辐照消敏技术的发展方向,以期为辐照消敏技术的研究和应用提供参考。     

饲粮中添加枸杞多糖对羔羊生长性能、屠宰性能和肉品质的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加枸杞多糖对羔羊生长性能、屠宰性能和肉品质的影响。选取4月龄、体重[(18.90±0.76) kg]相近的杜泊羊×小尾寒羊杂交二代公羔48只,随机分为4组,每组12只。各组分别在基础饲粮中添加0(对照组)、0.1%(Ⅰ组)、0.3%(Ⅱ组)和0.5%(Ⅲ组)的枸杞多糖。预试期15 d,正试期75 d。结果表明：1)Ⅱ组的终末体重和平均日增重显著高于对照组、Ⅰ组和Ⅲ组(P≤0.05),料重比显著低于对照组、Ⅰ组和Ⅲ组(P=0.05)。各组之间的平均日采食量差异不显著(P>0.05)。2)Ⅱ组的净肉重显著高于对照组、Ⅰ组和Ⅲ组(P<0.05)。Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组的净肉率相比对照组有线性提高的趋势(P=0.087)。3)各组之间的器官指数均差异不显著(P>0.05)。4)Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组的背最长肌宰后24 h的红度(a^*)值显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。Ⅱ组的背最长肌宰后1 h黄度(b^*)值显著低于对照组、Ⅰ组和Ⅲ组(P<0.05)。Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组的背最长肌系水力均显著高于对照组(P<0....     

清镇市土壤侵蚀强度景观空间格局分析

以清镇市1∶10 000土壤侵蚀实地调查图件为数据基础,在ArcGIS软件和Patch Analysis for ArcGIS景观分析模块的支持下,从景观总体特征、斑块比例、斑块平均大小、斑块面积标准差、分维数、斑块密度、分离度以及Shannon均匀度指数角度进行了土壤侵蚀强度景观空间格局分析。结果表明:清镇市总体上表现出土壤侵蚀面积大、以微度侵蚀和中度侵蚀为主、土壤侵蚀程度不严重的特征;在土壤侵蚀空间分布上,以南部地区的乡镇土壤侵蚀程度最轻,其次为中部地区的乡镇,而土壤侵蚀最严重的则分布在东西部及北部地区的乡镇。清镇市的景观基质为微度侵蚀景观,该景观类型的斑块较为集中,但各斑块间差异大,斑块形状最为复杂,异质性特征明显。剧烈侵蚀与极强烈侵蚀景观均是典型的人为干扰后的景观。整体而言,各土壤侵蚀景观的斑块在面积上的分布较为均匀,且各景观类型的平均斑块面积普遍较小,斑块内土壤流动较易发生。     

蜜蜂磷酸丙糖异构酶基因(AmTpi)全长cDNA的电子克隆及其验证

用电子克隆的方法获得蜜蜂(Apis mellifera)磷酸丙糖异构酶基因(triosephosphate isomerase,Tpi),对该基因序列进行克隆及生物信息学分析.结果表明,该基因全长1768 bp,具有完整的开放阅读框架(ORF),编码247个氨基酸的蛋白;其编码的氨基酸序列与果蝇(Drosophila melanogaster)、家蚕(Bombyxmori)、黄粉虫(Tenebrio molitor)、按蚊(Anopheles gambiae)、烟蚜夜蛾(Heliothis virescens)的磷酸丙糖异构酶的蛋白序列具有较高的保守性.     

广西6种木本油料植物的资源概况及其在岩溶山区的开发前景

茶条木、狗骨木、蒜头果、石栗、东京桐和蝴蝶果等6个树种是高含油量和多用途的木本油料植物,也是具有一定发展前途的生物质能源树种。野外调查表明,茶条木、狗骨木、石栗和蝴蝶果等分布或栽培范围较广,生境类型比较复杂,现存资源量丰富或较多;蒜头果和东京桐的分布范围较窄,现存资源量较少。在育苗造林试验中,6个树种种子的场圃发芽率较高,病虫害少,苗木生长比较迅速,绝大部分可在1-2年内出圃造林;茶条木、狗骨木、石栗、东京桐和蝴蝶果等5个树种的植苗造林成活率较高,蒜头果的直播造林成活率较低,其中茶条木和狗骨木的适应性良好,生长速度较快,东京桐和蒜头果能适应局部小环境但生长较慢,而石栗和蝴蝶果的适应性较差且生长缓慢。通过对比分析各树种野外调查与试验结果,认为茶条木和狗骨木是岩溶山区发展潜力良好和值得重点开发利用的木本油料植物,蝴蝶果和石栗次之,蒜头果和东京桐则较差。