富硒区茶树鲜叶中硒累积与土壤因子的相关性分析

茶树是富硒植物,饮用富硒茶是一种安全、有效的补硒途径之一。茶叶的硒含量受多种环境因素影响,但有关富硒茶区茶树硒积累特性及主要影响因子的研究还鲜有报道。以高硒茶区湖北恩施、陕西安康不同地点生产茶园成龄茶树和根际土壤为研究对象,结合土壤及植物样品全硒含量等多种指标,明确了根际土壤硒含量对茶树硒分布特性的影响,分析了富硒区土壤pH、硒含量等9个重要土壤特性相关因子的数值分布规律。通过对186组具有代表性的土壤样品和附生茶树新梢组织检测数据进行分组和整体相关性分析,证实了富硒区茶叶全硒含量与土壤硒含量之间存在极显著相关（相关系数r=0.59,P<0.01）,揭示了茶叶全硒含量与土壤有机质含量、水解性氮、锌含量以及茶叶中硫、锌含量的显著相关,同时对安康和恩施地区的土壤和茶叶硒含量相关因素进行了深入分析。提出了茶叶硒含量对土壤有机质含量、硫含量、硒含量和锌含量的数学模型,模型拟合优度为0.512 6,达极显著水平（P<0.01）。     

大豆作为前作植物对油菜根肿病发生的影响

为了解前作大豆对后茬油菜根肿病的影响,采用大田轮作试验和实时荧光定量PCR检测法,研究大豆、白菜、油菜分别作为前作,调查后茬油菜根肿病的发生和土壤中休眠孢子含量,比较分析了不同前作的根系分泌物对休眠孢子萌发的影响,结果表明前作大豆,后茬油菜根肿病的发病率和病情指数分别为34.00%和19.26、土壤休眠孢子含量为1.45×106个/克土壤,显著低于前作为油菜、白菜和撂荒对照的相应量。大豆、油菜和白菜根系分泌物均可刺激根肿菌休眠孢子萌发。与根肿菌休眠孢子共培6 d后,大豆根系分泌物培养的休眠孢子萌发率为29.82%,显著高于白菜（15.52%）、油菜根系分泌物（14.83%）和营养液（6.48%）培养下的萌发率。据此推测,前作种植大豆,后茬油菜根肿病发生和危害减轻,原因应与大豆根系分泌物刺激根肿菌休眠孢子萌发,产生的游动孢子因缺少寄主植物而死亡,导致诱发病害的初侵染源（土壤中休眠孢子含量）减少有关。     

华南型黄瓜新品种‘燕青’

‘燕青’黄瓜是以雌性系86G为母本,自交系Z-1为父本配制而成的华南型新品种。植株长势较强,强雌型。瓜圆筒形,长20 cm,平均单瓜质量186 g,瓜色白绿色,脆嫩微甜。早熟性突出,耐阴,耐寒,丰产性强,平均总产量达70.74 t • hm-2。适宜重庆及相似生态区春保护地、露地栽培。     

3种引诱剂对松褐天牛成虫引诱效果比较

为了更好地对松褐天牛成虫进行监测和诱杀,在遂昌地区的马尾松林及贮木场内利用3种不同引诱剂对松褐天牛进行诱捕对比试验。结果表明,3种引诱剂对松褐天牛都有较好的引诱效果,但差异显著。其中,APF-Ⅰ型引诱剂的效果最好,F1型引诱剂次之,ST-2型最弱。试验期共诱捕到松褐天牛成虫4 979头,其中雌成虫4 134头,雄成虫845头,雌雄比为1∶0.204。所诱捕到的雌虫数量是雄虫的4.89倍,差异显著(P=0.045,t=-4.551)。引诱剂捕获松褐天牛的高峰期为6月中旬至8月中旬,6月至8月份降雨量及气温对松褐天牛成虫诱捕规律产生较大影响。本研究为遂昌地区松褐天牛成虫的防治提供了科学依据。     

射流泵装置性能预测方法

提出了一种射流泵装置性能预测方法,并进行了试验验证.以射流泵试验所得射流泵的流量比与压力比曲线,以及离心泵的流量扬程曲线作为预测初始条件,通过射流泵装置2种吸上高度4.5和9.0 m的性能试验,比较各流量比时装置工况点试验值与预测值精度,发现数值解法整体误差较小,能更好地反映射流泵扬程随流量比变化的情况,但与试验值相比仍存在误差且个别工况点误差较大,需进一步修正.引入预测值与试验值的比值作为修正系数,通过Plackett-Burman试验设计,从吸上高度、面积比、喷嘴直径、流量比、喉嘴距、喉管长径比、泵转速等因子中筛选出对射流泵扬程影响效应显著的面积比及流量比作为修正公式的关键参数,利用遗传算法和公式自动搜索拟合,得到射流泵扬程的计算公式,且相关系数超过0.99.通过射流泵装置在吸上高度为3.5和8.0 m的试验结果比较,表明具有较高的可信度.     

Grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency of an ultrashort-duration variety grown under different nitrogen and seeding rates in direct-seeded and double-season rice in Central China

Nitrogen(N) and seeding rates are important factors affecting grain yield and N use efficiency(NUE) in directseeded rice. However, these factors have not been adequately investigated on direct-seeded and double-season rice(DDR) in Central China. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of various N and seeding rates on the grain yield and NUE of an ultrashort-duration variety grown under DDR. Field experiments were conducted in 2018 in Wuxue County and 2019 in Qichun County, Hubei...     

中国长江干流流域渔民收入差距的测度与分解

采用广义熵指数及其相应分解方法,对2004 ～2010年长江干流流域9省(市)渔民收入差距进行了分析.从整体趋势看,长江干流流域渔民收入差距呈现“W”型变化趋势,在“十一五”期间表现为先缩小后不断扩大趋势;从地区分解结果来看,长江干流流域渔民收入差距60％以上来源于三个地区之间的不平等,而“西部干流”地区渔民收入差距高于其它两个地区且波动最为剧烈.认为国家的强渔惠渔政策应有侧重的向“西部干流”地区倾斜,从而缓解“西部干流”地区和地区间渔民收入差距的进一步扩大.     

全基因组选择育种策略及在水产动物育种中的应用前景

全基因组选择的概念自2001年由Meuwissen等提出后便引起了动物育种工作者的广泛关注.目前,澳大利亚、新西兰、荷兰、美国的研究小组已经应用该方法进行了优质种牛的选择育种,并取得了很好的效果.此外在鸡和猪的选择育种中也有该方法的应用,但在水产动物选育中尚未见该方法使用的报道.本文对“全基因组选择育种”的概念和提出背景进行了归纳,对全基因组选择育种的优势进行了阐述,并详细介绍了其具体的策略,总结了目前全基因组育种所广泛采用的方法以及取得的成果,旨在为该方法在水产动物育种方面的应用研究提供科学参考.     

Identification of serum differential proteins in colorectal adenoma and early malignantly transformed adenoma by proteomics

AIM: To investigate the associated proteins and sensitive biomarkers for early diagnosis of colorectal adenocarcinoma by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between colorectal adenoma and early malignantly transformed adenoma. METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to define patterns of protein expressions of colorectal adenoma and early malignantly transformed adenoma. Proteins expressed differentially among groups were detected, cut out and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry. RESULTS: Two-dimensional protein maps of colorectal adenoma and early malignantly transformed adenoma were analyzed with gel-analysis software, an average of 1 672 spots in adenoma, 1 732 in early malignantly transformed adenoma were observed. 28 spots of a 1.5-fold change were found, including 15 proteins down-regulated and 13 up-regulated in early malignantly transformed adenoma, in which 23 proteins were identified by mass spectrometry, the rate of identification was 82.14%. 13 differential proteins were attained, 8 were up-regulated and 5 were down-regulated, which was classified to 6 categories, including protease inhibitor, complement, immunoglobulin, keratoproteins, signal transduction protein and function-unknown proteins. CONCLUSION: The changes of serum proteins in early malignantly transformed adenoma from adenoma can be identified by proteomic technology. Proteins detected in the study may provide new biomarkers correlated with biological behavior of colorectal adenocarcinoma.