基于神经网络法与加权模型的乡村旅游用地竞争力评价研究——以北京市密云区为例

科学评价乡村旅游用地竞争力并识别其障碍因素是优化乡村旅游产业布局的前提和基础。以北京市密云区为例,从资源禀赋特征、区域生态环境和旅游开发条件3个维度选择13项指标,构建了基于神经网络法的旅游用地竞争力评价模型,以揭示密云区乡村旅游用地竞争力的格局。引入障碍因素诊断模型,分析主要乡村旅游用地竞争力类型的限制因素。结果表明:(1)乡村旅游用地低竞争力类以组团状形式,在密云区东南部和密云水库东北集中连片分布;中竞争力类沿“潮河轴带”“白河轴带”“安达木河轴带”和北部山区带状分布;高竞争力类以点状形式,涵盖张家坟村、司马台村、贾峪村、河北村、石城村、圣水头村、石马峪村和龙潭沟村。(2)以中竞争力类区域为例,基于主要障碍因素,将其划分为资源、环境和开发障碍型,并分别提出优化对策。研究成果可为乡村产业用地规划提供参考。     

速生桉人工林与红椎林昆虫群落结构比较研究

[目的]比较速生桉纯林、红椎纯林及两林交界处林地的昆虫群落结构,探讨速生桉人工林对红椎林昆虫群落的影响,为科学合理地规划速生桉发展提供参考.[方法]采用GPS定位样地,用目测、套袋震落、采集鉴定等方法,调查速生桉人工纯林、红椎纯林、两林交界处桉树林和红椎林等4种林分的昆虫种类及种群数量,并分析其丰富度、均匀度、多样性等指数.[结果]4种类型林地共查得昆虫15目74科148种12874头.4种类型林地昆虫群落目数排序为：交界处的红椎林=红椎纯林＞交界处的速生桉林＞速生桉纯林;科数排序为：交界处的红椎林＞红椎纯林＞交界处的速生桉林＞速生桉纯林,种数排序与科数相同;个体总数排序为：速生桉纯林＞红椎纯林＞交界处的速生桉林＞交界处的红椎林.4种类型林地昆虫多样性指数与丰富度排序相同,为交界处的红椎林＞红椎纯林＞交界处的速生桉林＞速生桉纯林;昆虫群落物种均匀度指数排序为：交界处的红椎林＞红椎纯林＞速生桉纯林＞交界处的速生桉林.[结论]速生桉林昆虫物种多样性低于红椎林,交界处昆虫物种多样性高于纯林.速生桉林与红椎林相邻种植对双方无不利影响.     

不同复配基质理化性质及其对辣椒幼苗生长发育的影响

为确定适宜辣椒无土穴盘育苗基质配方,以玉米芯为发酵原料,EM酵素菌、有机物料腐熟剂、金宝贝菌剂为发酵菌剂,以筛选出最佳的发酵菌剂,后将用最佳菌剂发酵好的玉米芯与蛭石、珍珠岩按不同比例复配,进行育苗配比优化试验。结果表明,EM酵素菌为最佳发酵菌剂;玉米芯固持作用差,适合与其他基质复配,可形成理化性质良好的有机型基质,以复配基质处理A1（玉米芯：蛭石=1：1）和A4（玉米芯：蛭石：珍珠岩=2：1：1）辣椒幼苗干质量、鲜质量、壮苗指数较高,与对照水平相似,且出苗率较高,出苗期较集中。     

16种中药体外抗猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒作用的研究

To observe the antiviral action of 16 kinds of Chinese medicinal herbs (Houttuynia cordata Thunb,Flos Chrysanthemi,Flos Lonicerae Confusae,Anemarrhena asphodeloides,CassiaTwig,Herba Ephedrae,Radix Paeoniae Rubra,Bupleurum chinense,Dryopteris setosa,Folium Isatidis, Gardenia jasminoides Ellis,Mntha haplocalyx Briq,Paeonia suffruticosa Andr,Cornu Bubali, Herba Senecionis Scandentis,Radix Gentianae) against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus （PRRSV）, the blocking, inhibiting and killing roles were detected in present study in vitro. The results showed that 13 kinds of Chinese medicinal herbs had antiviral actions against PPRSV except Paeonia suffruticosa Andr, Herba Senecionis Scandentis and Folium Isatidis, and Houttuynia cordata Thunb, Flos Chrysanthemi, Anemarrhena asphodeloides, CassiaTwig and Radix Paeoniae Rubra exhibited the best antiviral actions followed by Herba Ephedrae, Bupleurum chinense and Dryopteris setosa.     

基于熵值法的土地利用综合效益评价 ———以珠海市白蕉镇为例

从影响土地利用的经济、社会、生态效益3个方面构建了综合效益评价指标体系,运用熵值法对评价指标进行确权,在此基础上用多因素综合分析法对珠海市白蕉镇2008-2012年的土地利用综合效益进行评价.结果表明,白蕉镇土地利用综合效益整体呈上升的趋势,其中,经济效益表现出明显的上升趋势,社会效益则处于波动上升中,生态效益表现出明显的下降趋势.     

Extraction,Purification and Activity Analysis of Lipopolysaccharides from Escherichia coli Isolated from Swine

In order to obtain higher purity and high yield of LPS isolated from Escherichia coli, and evaluate its virulence,excrement of diarrhea piglet was collected as pathological samples, of which, some strains of Escherichia coli were isolated and identified. And furthermore, a strain of Escherichia coli was acquired by 16S rDNA identification. The LPS from this strain of Escherichia coli was isolated with the hot-phenol water method and purified by DNaseⅠ, RNaseA, proteinase K treatment and alcohol precipitation. The polysaccharide, protein and nucleic acid content of purified LPS were detected by phenol-sulfuric acid method, Bradford method and UV points spectrophotometric method. And its bioactivity and acute median lethal dose was determinated by tachypleus amebocyte lysate (TAL) method and acute toxicity experiment method, respectively. The results showed that a strain of highly pathogenic Escherichia coli was successfully isolated. The average yield of purified LPS was 3.74%, the proportion of the polysaccharide was 13.40%, the protein was 0.48%, and the nucleic acid was 0.06%. SDS-PAGE electrophoresis and silver stain showed that the bands were mainly concentrated in the range of 14 to 160 ku. The LAL bioactivity of the prepared LPS was 1.21×10⁷ EU/mg, LD₅₀ of the mouse abdominal cavity was 31.86 mg/kg. The results revealed that the diarrhea piglets in the farm was caused by pathogenic Escherichia coli,purified LPS from this strain of Escherichia coli had the advantages of higher purity, high yield and strong virulence, which would provide theoretical data for clinical prevention and treatment of diarrhea piglets.     

木霉菌Td系列菌株代谢产物的室内抑菌谱研究

利用摇床液体发酵、氯仿萃取木霉菌的代谢产物,采用菌丝生长速度法测定了3个木霉菌菌株的发酵代谢产物对禾谷类镰刀病菌、番茄枯萎病菌、苹果轮纹病菌、立枯丝核菌、苹果炭疽病菌、玉米弯胞病菌和花生网斑病菌的抑菌作用。结果表明,3个木霉菌株代谢产物对7种病原真菌均具有抑制作用,且抑菌作用强度和抑菌谱存在一定的菌株特异性。木霉菌株Td10的代谢产物对禾谷类镰刀病菌和立枯丝核菌抑制作用最强,Td31的代谢产物对苹果轮纹病菌和苹果炭疽病菌抑制作用最强,而Td100的代谢产物对禾谷类镰刀病菌和立枯丝核菌抑制作用较强;3个木霉菌株的代谢产物对花生网斑病菌抑制作用均较弱。     

不同葡萄品种枝条栽培料对杏鲍菇生长的影响

以"维多利亚"、"户太"、"乍娜"3个鲜食品种的葡萄枝条为主要栽培料,以杏鲍菇为研究对象,探索不同品种葡萄枝条对杏鲍菇菌丝生长情况及生物学转化率的影响。同时对杏鲍菇不同生长阶段进行营养成分分析,确定最佳采收期。结果表明:"维多利亚"葡萄枝条栽培杏鲍菇的营养成分较好,且菌丝生命力旺盛。杏鲍菇菌柄长度为4、10cm时采收最佳,营养成分含量高,口感性好。     

对天然林保护工程中林业职工安置问题的思考

通过对天保工程实施后林区职工的社会保障和就业等问题的深入分析,提出了解决工程区林业职工安置问题的对策。     

蚊净香草叶片离体培养研究

以蚊净香草(Pelargonium graveolens L'herit)不同叶龄的叶片为外植体进行离体培养,结果表明,只有成熟的叶片可诱导形成愈伤组织,培养基MS 6-BA 1.00mg/L NAA 0.20mg/L最适于愈伤组织的诱导、不定芽分化和丛生芽的增殖,培养基MS NAA 0.20 mg/L最适合根系诱导及幼苗生长.