花生溶血磷脂酸酰基转移酶基因的克隆与表达分析

溶血磷脂酰基转移酶(LPAT)是植物油脂合成途径的一个关键酶,在植物油脂品质改良和提高种子含油量方面具有重要的应用价值。本研究通过构建花生种子全长cDNA文库,结合大规模EST测序和功能注释,从花生中克隆了溶血磷脂酸酰基转移酶基因,命名为AhLPAT。该基因cDNA全长1 629 bp,对应的基因组序列5 531 bp,由11个外显子和10个内含子组成,内含子剪接方式符合GT-AG剪接规则。根据编码区预测AhLPAT编码一条387个氨基酸组成的多肽,预测分子量为43.2 kD,等电点为9.42。AhLPAT蛋白含有一个典型的酰基转移酶保守功能结构域以及溶血磷脂酰基转移酶相似的保守区域。该蛋白的氨基酸序列与已报道的其他物种LPAT蛋白序列有较高的一致性。AhLPAT与旱金莲、油菜、海甘蓝、蓖麻和拟南芥的LPAT蛋白氨基酸相似性依次为90%、89%、89%、88%和87%。系统进化分析表明,AhLPAT与拟南芥AtLPAT2亲缘关系较近,且同属于内质网型LPAT蛋白。RT-PCR分析表明,AhLPAT基因在花生根、茎、叶、花、果针和种子中均有表达,在花生开花后50~60 d,果针和种子中的表达量最高,且AhLPAT的表达量与花生种子含油量积累速率变化一致,二者显著相关(r=0.63,P<0.05)。推测AhLPAT基因在花生种子油脂合成中起重要作用。     

苜蓿茎秆压扁系数对水分散失的影响研究

为深入研究苜蓿压扁系数与含水率变化的关系,以苜蓿晾晒过程中主茎杆为对象,用研制的压扁间隙性能试验台,对不同部位段苜蓿主茎杆进行不同压扁系数条件下的含水率变化对比试验,研究不同压扁程度对紫花苜蓿茎秆不同部位的水分散失规律影响。结果表明:温度25℃,相对湿度50%RH,光照度11 000lx条件下,压扁系数55%的苜蓿茎秆内不同部位段的含水率变化较一致。在苜蓿压扁晾晒过程中增加压扁的程度虽然可以增加干燥速度,但茎秆不同部位的水分散失速度对压扁程度的敏感度不同。靠近根部的茎秆对不同的压扁系数都比较敏感,其水分散失速度随压扁系数的减小明显的逐步增大。压扁系数70%以上的轻度压扁不能显著加快茎秆中上部的干燥速度。     

我国热带天然林植被C贮存量的估算

以海南岛尖峰岭热带林生态系统定位研究站多年的研究作为基本数据,用两种方法计算了海南岛和用一种方法计算了云南南部热带森林的Ｃ素库总量。结果表明,海南热带天然林的Ｃ素库总量为０．７１９－０．７３４亿ｔ,云南南部的热带天然林的Ｃ素库总量在０．６５３亿ｔ以上。     

食用天然香料的应用及研究进展

简述天然香料的发展状况,介绍了近年来天然香料的应用及研究进展,对未来香料行业的发展前景提出看法。      

农作物乙醇燃料的综合效益分析

乙醇作为化石燃料的替代品,对于能源需求日趋紧张的中国来说具有非常重要的意义.然而,农作物乙醇作为燃料其生命周期、经济效益及环境效益如何将直接影响其推广使用.文章就农作物乙醇作为燃料的综合效益进行了全面分析,得出了除甜高梁外多数农作物作为燃料乙醇原料具有较低的能效转换率之结论.而且在目前情况下,由于生产成本较高,所产生的经济效益也较差.但其对于解缓能源紧张问题、提高农民收入、促进人员就业具有良好的社会效益,同时对机动车辆的废气污染排放有所改善.     

Estimation of LAI in the forested watershed using ASTER data based on Price’s model in summer and winter

Leaf area index (LAI) is an important parameter to identify the water balance in forested watershed as a biological factor influencing directly on the evapotranspiration in the forest area. The purpose of this study was to estimate the LAI in a small forested watershed in summer and winter by applying the Terra/Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data to the LAI estimation method. In this study, the estimation was based on the absorption and scattering processes of the solar radiation in the vegetation canopy and the spectral reflectance characteristics of soil vegetation. First, we estimated LAI based on Price’s model by application of ASTER data on the forested watershed located in the Tenzan Mountains of Saga, Japan. To validate the results of LAI estimation, secondly, we compared them to the measured LAI obtained by a plant canopy analyzer (LAI-2000) on the observation area inside the target region. This study showed that the LAI estimation method was a feasible and accurate method as indicated by the high relationship (r = 0.97) between LAI derived from ASTER data and LAI measured by LAI-2000. This paper is the first report on LAI estimation using Terra/ASTER data based on Price’s model and field investigation. This LAI estimation method is a reliable and applicable method.     

基于图形处理器的三维表面质量快速评定技术

针对三维表面粗糙度评定中表面测量数据量大且计算复杂度高,常用处理方法不能满足实时测量要求的问题,提出了一种基于图形处理器(GPU)的三维表面形貌测量数据快速评定方法,应用CUDA平台开发了基于GPU的并行处理算法,在此基础上实现了三维表面质量的快速评定。实验结果表明,该方法在保证计算精度的同时,运算效率提高了60倍以上,可满足三维表面质量在线评定的要求。     

毛竹施用硅肥的效应研究

探讨了在有效硅含量水平较低的流纹岩风化物发育的土壤上，中、低产毛竹林施用硅肥的效应。试验结果表明，在中、低产毛竹林中施用硅肥是没有增产效果的；土壤中有效硅的含量管较低，但足够毛竹生长对硅素的需要。综合诊断施肥法（DRIS）对硅素营养的诊断结果提示，即使在具有较高竹材产量的竹林中，无论施用N、P、K三要素肥料与否，硅的营养况仍然是接近适宜水平的。鉴于中因大多数竹林的实际情况，认为目前生产上尚无施用硅肥的必要。     

Long-term study of incidence and financial loss due to cattle babesiosis in an Argentinian dairy farm

The incidence and direct financial loss caused by babesiosis were evaluated in 121 Holstein Friesian female cattle that formed eight cohorts (1981–1988) of a dairy farm located approximately 24° 55′S 65° 29′W in Salta, Argentina. Female calves born in 1986 and 1987 (n=32) were vaccinated with a live Babesia vaccine at six months of age.

No cases of babesiosis occurred in the vaccinated cattle. The incidence of babesiosis in the six non-vaccinated cohorts was 23.6% (21/89). Eighteen of the cases were the result of Babesia bovis, one to Babesia bigemina and two to a mixed infection. Two cattle died of B. bovis infection in spite of drug treatment (diaminazene, 3.5 mg kg⁻¹). No disease occurred in cattle younger than seven months or older than 24 months. The number of cases according to age of cattle was: 7–9 months, 5; 10–12 months, 6; 13–24 months, 10.

Financial loss for the six cohorts that suffered clinical cases amounted to US $ 1624.6 (prices in October 1990)—62% were the result of physical losses and 38% to costs of control. A benefit-cost analysis of vaccination was carried out assuming that 95% of the mortality and morbidity losses of the six non-vaccinated cohorts was prevented after a single inculation of a live vaccine (cost of a dose plus administration was US $ 4.2. The benefit-cost ratio was 4:1 for each US dollar expended.     

杆状病毒新的分类地位和书写方式

2020年10月ICTV更新了主要病毒名录,该文件新增了纳尔达病毒纲Naldaviricetes和勒乏病毒目Lefavirales.勒乏病毒目含中有包括杆状病毒科Baculoviridae在内的3个科,而杆状病毒科分为4个属:甲型杆状病毒属Alphabaculovirus、乙型杆状病毒属Betabaculovirus、...