马铃薯干物质积累及氮、磷、钾营养特征研究

研究马铃薯会-2的干物质积累及氮、磷、钾养分的吸收、积累和分配特征,结果表明,会-2叶片对氮、磷、钾的吸收速率与干物质积累速率的变化同步,呈双峰曲线变化,分别在现蕾期和终花期间出现峰值;块茎干物质积累及养分吸收速率呈单峰曲线,块茎干物质主要在盛花期至茎叶枯萎期形成,该期也是块茎养分积累的主要时期;终花期以前,干物质及养分主要分配在地上部分,终花期以后,主要分配在块茎中;会-2对氮(N)、磷(P2O5)、钾(K2O)的吸收比例为1∶0.140∶1.919;生产500kg块茎,需吸收N2.756kg,P2O50.310kg,K2O4.256kg。     

紫花苜蓿耐铝的分子基础研究进展

紫花苜蓿Medicago sativa由于其对酸性土壤上植物铝毒害的敏感性而大大限制了其种植范围.要在占世界耕地40%的酸性土壤上进行推广种植,根本方法是培育耐高酸铝性的紫花苜蓿新品种.就近几年国内外在紫花苜蓿耐铝遗传分析,耐铝转基因苜蓿和其相关蛋白的分离鉴定等方面的研究进行综述,并介绍了亲缘性植物截形苜蓿M.truncatula的相关研究进展,基本明确了当前紫花苜蓿耐铝的研究方向、热点及存在的不足.     

矮凤梨短营养生长期突变材料‘14-1’的性状鉴定

菠萝栽培种(Ananas comosus var. comosus)的营养生长期较长,制约了其新品种选育效率。收集和筛选营养生长期较短的种质,可为短营养生长期菠萝新品种的选育创制中间材料。从境外收集了23份易成花的野生种质材料,自2008年起进行栽培、繁殖和性状鉴定。通过对营养生长期的比较和观察,从矮凤梨(A. comosus var. nanus)的体胚苗中发现了1份营养生长期显著缩短的突变材料‘14-1’,其营养生长期约6个月(原品种约12个月),1年开花2次,具有极易成花等特点。‘14-1’无性繁殖后代遗传性状稳定,可作为短营养生长期菠萝育种的亲本资源。     

犬弓首蛔虫卵黄原蛋白基因的克隆及表达分析

为克隆犬弓首蛔虫(T.canis)的卵黄原蛋白(YP)基因,本研究根据T.canis cDNA文库中的EST数据,采用RT-PCR方法扩增T.canis的YP基因(TcF-YP),并克隆至pGEM-T载体中进行测序。测序结果表明,TcF-YP基因片段大小为492 bp,编码163个氨基酸残基。同源分析显示,TcF-YP基因与猪蛔虫的卵黄原蛋白基因同源性最高,为78%。同时对该基因在T.canis雌虫、雄虫和雌虫各组织的表达谱进行研究,结果显示TcF-YP基因只在T.canis雌虫中高量表达,是雌虫特异的基因。对雌虫各组织的基因表达谱分析显示TcF-YP基因在子宫和肠中高量表达,在卵巢中有极微量的表达。本实验为TcF-YP基因的功能研究奠定了基础。     

粗饲料组合对奶牛饲粮养分消化率、能量和氮的利用的影响

本试验旨在研究粗饲料组合对奶牛饲粮养分消化率、能量和氮的利用的影响。试验采用单因素随机区组设计,将 １６头体重、年龄、胎次相近的,处于干奶期的健康荷斯坦奶牛分为 ４组,每组 ４头。以常用的粗饲料设计 Ａ（玉米青贮 ＋玉米秸秆）、Ｂ（玉米青贮 ＋羊草）、Ｃ（玉米青贮 ＋玉米秸秆 ＋羊草）、Ｄ（玉米青贮 ＋苜蓿草 ＋羊草）４种粗饲料组合的饲粮。结果表明：饲粮Ｄ干物质、有机物和中性洗涤纤维的消化率最高,显著高于其他各饲粮（Ｐ＜０．０５）,其次为饲粮Ｂ和饲粮 Ｃ,饲粮 Ａ最低,显著低于其他各饲粮（Ｐ＜０．０５）,各饲粮的酸性洗涤纤维消化率差异不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５）。粗饲料组合显著影响饲粮摄入总能、能量消化率和能量代谢率（Ｐ＜０．０５）,饲粮 Ｄ甲烷能占摄入总能比显著低于其他 ３种饲粮（Ｐ＜０．０５）。各饲粮的粪氮、尿氮占摄入总氮比差异不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５）,饲粮 Ｄ的氮消化率显著高于饲粮 Ｂ与饲粮 Ｃ（Ｐ＜０．０５）,且饲粮 Ｂ显著高于饲粮 Ａ（Ｐ＜０．０５）;饲粮 Ｂ、饲粮 Ｄ的氮利用率显著高于饲粮 Ａ（Ｐ＜０．０５）。由此可见,玉米青贮 ＋苜蓿草 ＋羊草型饲粮的养分消化率、能量和氮的利用均优于其他各饲粮,羊草与玉米秸秆之间存在正组合效应,两者搭配使用可提高玉米秸秆的消化率,优化能量和氮的利用。     

西湖风景区水生植物园林应用研究

通过对西湖风景区内水生植物园林应用情况的大量调查,得到应用种类、分布与应用频率及相应种类的生长发育规律等与水生植物园林应用密切相关的几个要素,并据此对其作了较为全面的分析,将为以后更加科学合理的应用提供良好依据.     

圈养扬子鳄繁殖能力的探查

为了探查扬子鳄人工种群的繁殖能力,对1996~2005年安徽省扬子鳄繁殖研究中心的亲本鳄和子一代鳄繁殖情况进行观察和研究。经过对其繁殖参数的统计分析,得出亲本鳄与子一代鳄在卵的短径和重量、窝卵数、卵受精率和孵化率、出壳一周内雏鳄的死亡率以及雏鳄生长量方面无显著性差异,即子一代鳄的繁殖能力与亲本鳄的相同。该结果表明目前圈养扬子鳄的繁殖能力尚未降低。     

适宜内蒙古通辽地区种植的优质苜蓿品种筛选试验研究

在内蒙古通辽地区研究了18个苜蓿品种的主要生产性能及越冬率.结果表明:加拿大苜蓿、美国杂花苜蓿、加拿大中间苜蓿、敖汉苜蓿、美国紫花苜蓿和草原3号在各方面都优于其他供试品种,其中敖汉苜蓿、美国紫花苜蓿和草原3号表现最优,适宜在该地区大面积推广种植.     

Effects of Rho kinase on p-Smad1 nuclear translocation in rat pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells

AIM: To explore the mechanism of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and Rho kinase signal pathways on the proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. METHODS: Pulmonary smooth muscle cells were isolated from the rat distal pulmonary artery and cultured. BMP and Rho kinase pathways were activated by BMP-2 and platelet-derived growth factor BB(PDGF-BB),respectively. Rho kinase inhibitor Y-27632 and MEK inhibitor U0126 were also used. Immunofluorescent staining was applied to observe p-Smad1 distribution across the nucleus, and the cells with positive p-Smad1 nuclear accumulation were counted and the nuclear translocation rate was calculated. The total p-Smad1 and its distribution across the nucleus were quantitatively determined by Western blotting. The cell proliferation was analyzed by CCK-8 assay. RESULTS: Exposure to BMP-2 significantly increased both the total amount of p-Smad1 and its nuclear accumulation in pulmonary smooth muscle cells. Pretreatment with PDGF-BB significantly decreased the nuclear accumulation of p-Smad1 induced by BMP-2 without decrease of total p-Smad1. However, pretreatment with Y-27632 or U0126 reversed the inhibitory effect of PDGF-BB on p-Smad1 nuclear accumulation. BMP-2 significantly inhibited the cell proliferation, but PDGF-BB blocked the effect of BMP-2 and significantly increased the cell proliferation. After pretreated with Y-27632 or U0126, the PDGF-BB-activated cell proliferation was suppressed.CONCLUSION: PDGF-BB-activated Rho kinase inhibits BMP-2-induced p-Smad1 nuclear translocation via MEK/ERK1/2, and increases pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell proliferation.     

Nontypeable haemophilus influenzae induces IL-8 expression in alveolar epithelial cells in a p38 MAPK and NF-κB dependent manner

AIM:To investigate the key molecular mechanism of inflammatory response in alveolar epithelial cells induced by nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (NTHi). METHODS: A549 cells were co-cultured with NTHi (multiplicity of infection, MOI: 10) and harvested 15 min and 30 min after stimulation. The phosphorylation of p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) in A549 cells was detected by Western blotting. The intracellular expression of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 was examined by flow cytometry 4 h after stimulation. A549 cells were preincubated with p38 inhibitor (SB203580) or NF-κB inhibitor (PDTC) for 1 h and then stimulated with NTHi for 24 h. The level of interleukin 8 (IL-8) in the supernatants was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS: The phosphorylation of p38 MAPK was rapidly induced by NTHi stimulation. The expression of NF-κB p65 in A549 cells after NTHi stimulation was significantly up-regulated compared with control group (P<0.05). The level of IL-8 in the supernatants was increased 24 h after bacterial stimulation compared with control group (P<0.05). Blockage of p38 MAPK or NF-κB remarkably decreased IL-8 secretion in A549 cells (P<0.05). CONCLUSION:NTHi induces inflammatory response in alveolar epithelial cells in a p38 MAPK and NF-κB dependent manner.