四种新烟碱类杀虫剂对蜜蜂的急性毒性及初级风险评估

采用饲喂管法和点滴法,分别测定了吡虫啉、噻虫嗪、噻虫胺、啶虫脒4种原药及其制剂对意大利蜜蜂成年工蜂的急性毒性,并采用危害商值(HQ)法进行了初级风险评价。结果表明:饲喂管法测得97.3%吡虫啉原药、25%吡虫啉可湿性粉剂、96%噻虫嗪原药、30%噻虫嗪悬浮剂、97%噻虫胺原药、5%噻虫胺可湿性粉剂、96%啶虫脒原药及40%啶虫脒可溶性粉剂的经口毒性48 hLD50值分别为有效成分8.04×10-3、9.46×10-3、7.04×10-3、4.64×10-3、11.8×10-3、5.25×10-3、5.22和6.31μg/蜂;点滴法测得各药剂的接触毒性48 h-LD50值分别为有效成分2.46×10-2、1.33×10-2、3.63×10-2、9.27×10-3、1.52×10-2、2.21×10-2、5.82和5.07μg/蜂。按《化学农药环境安全评价试验准则》的毒性等级划分标准,啶虫脒原药及其可溶性粉剂对蜜蜂的急性毒性均为中等毒,其他6种药剂对蜜蜂的急性毒性均为高毒;根据危害商值(HQ),啶虫脒对蜜蜂为低风险,吡虫啉、噻虫嗪和噻虫胺对蜜蜂均存在高风险。     

杂交稻对褐稻虱和白背飞虱的抗性研究

本研究对我国南方稻区的38个杂交稻组合进行了对褐稻虱和白背飞虱的抗性测定,结果有9个组合兼抗褐稻虱和白背飞虱,仅抗其中1种飞虱的各占6个。采用经过改进的生存率及蜜露测定法,研究了杂交稻组合对两种飞虱的抗性机制,证明:杂交稻多数组合对白背飞虱的抗性机制以耐害性为主,其中部分组合兼有一定程度的抗生性;而对褐稻虱的抗性机制,多数组合表现以抗生性为主。对白背飞虱在某些地区推广杂交稻后上升为主要害虫的原因也作了探讨。     

银胶菊的花对小麦的化感作用机制

采用温室盆栽法,研究了银胶菊的花水浸提液对小麦生长及其生理生化机制的影响,以明确其对小麦的化感作用。结果显示,花水浸提液抑制小麦种子萌发和幼苗生长,且抑制强度随浸提液浓度的升高而加强;随着花水浸提液浓度的增加,小麦叶片光合作用、光合色素含量和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性下降,磷(P)和丙二醛(MDA)含量升高,氮(N)含量呈现先降低后趋于正常的变化趋势,硝酸还原酶(NR)活性呈现先降低后升高的变化趋势,谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)活性没有显著变化,而过氧化物酶(POD)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性则呈现先升高后降低的变化趋势。表明银胶菊的花水浸提液抑制小麦叶片光合作用,提高了小麦叶片的MDA含量,并降低了小麦叶片SOD、POD和CAT的活性。     

毒死蜱和甲氰菊酯对蜜蜂毒性与安全评价研究

通过接触法和摄入法测定了毒死蜱和甲氰菊酯对蜜蜂的毒性。结果表明，毒死蜱和甲氰菊酯对蜜蜂的接触毒性(24h LD50)分别为0．1634μg／蜂和0．0501μg／蜂，胃毒毒性(24h LE50)分别为0．6406mg／L和7．8261mg／L。根据Atkins毒性等级划分标准，毒死蜱和甲氰菊酯对蜜蜂的毒性均为高毒，应禁止在蜜蜂活动区域使用。     

大豆疫霉根腐病菌毒素产生条件的研究

 大豆疫霉根腐病(Phytophthora sojae)是大豆的重要病害之一,危害大,发展快。自1918年首次在美国印弟安那州发现此病以来、相继在澳大利亚、加拿大,匈牙利等国发生。     

Preparation and Characterization of Tilapia Collagen-Thermoplastic Polyurethane Composite Nanofiber Membranes

Marine collagen is an ideal material for tissue engineering due to its excellent biological properties. However, the limited mechanical properties and poor stability of marine collagen limit its application in tissue engineering. Here, collagen was extracted from the skin of tilapia (Oreochromis nilotica). Collagen-thermoplastic polyurethane (Col-TPU) fibrous membranes were prepared using tilapia collagen as a foundational material, and their physicochemical and biocompatibility were investigated. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy results showed that thermoplastic polyurethane was successfully combined with collagen, and the triple helix structure of collagen was retained. X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry results showed relatively good compatibility between collagen and TPU.SEM results showed that the average diameter of the composite nanofiber membrane decreased with increasing thermoplastic polyurethane proportion. The mechanical evaluation and thermogravimetric analysis showed that the thermal stability and tensile properties of Col-TPU fibrous membranes were significantly improved with increasing TPU. Cytotoxicity experiments confirmed that fibrous membranes with different ratios of thermoplastic polyurethane content showed no significant toxicity to fibroblasts; Col-TPU fibrous membranes were conducive to the migration and adhesion of cells. Thus, these Col-TPU composite nanofiber membranes might be used as a potential biomaterial in tissue regeneration.     

应用分子生物学方法快速检测烟草环斑病毒

根据烟草环斑病毒(tobacco ringspot virus)CP基因序列,设计并合成了特异性RT-PCR扩增引物,对烟草环斑病毒和非烟草环斑病毒的感病植物组织样本进行了PCR扩增反应。结果,烟草环斑病毒的感病植物组织样本的PCR产物均出现1 760 bp的特异性扩增条带,而非感病植株组织样本均未出现扩增条带,证明该合成引物具有烟草环斑病毒鉴定特异性。将提取的烟草环斑病毒总RNA做梯度稀释,测定该检测体系的敏感度,结果可检出烟草环斑病毒RNA模板最低浓度为234 pg/μl。研究表明,分子生物学测定具有特异性强、灵敏度高、快速准确的特点,可应用于烟草环斑病毒检疫的快速检测。     

猪伪狂犬病油乳剂灭活疫苗的制备及安全性与免疫性试验

用本室分离鉴定的猪伪狂犬病毒鄂A经毒株接种仓鼠肾细胞（BHK－21）,制备病毒抗原液，毒价不低于10^-6TCID50/0.1ml。经一定浓度的甲醛溶液灭活后与油相佐剂乳化研制成油乳剂灭活油疫苗4批。本研究对该制品的安全性、免疫性进行了测定。对18g左右小白鼠接种0.3ml，初生仔猪、断奶仔猪及妊娠母猪加倍剂量注射，均未出现不良反应，安全性良好。对母猪的繁殖性能不产生影响。后备母猪及妊娠母清中和抗体指数于免疫后21d达到316以上，间隔35d加强免疫一次后，中和抗体指数可达1000以上。断奶仔猪及初生仔猪免疫后对强毒的攻击，保护率分别为100％及90.62％。     

Comparative analysis of proteomic profiles between endometrial caruncular and intercaruncular areas in ewes during the peri-implantation period

The endometrium of sheep consists of plenty of raised intercaruncular areas （IC）. In order to better understand aglandular areas called caruncular （C）, and intensely glandular the endometrium involved mechanisms of implantation, we used LC-MS/MS technique to profile the proteome of ovine endometrial C areas and IC areas separately during the peri-implantation period, and then compared the proteomic profiles between these two areas. We successfully detected 1740 and 1813 proteins in C areas and IC areas respectively. By comparing the proteome of these two areas, we found 170 differentially expressed proteins （DEPs） （P 〈 0.05）, functional bioinformatics analysis showed these DEPs were mainly involved in growth and remodeling of endometrial tissue, cell adhesion and protein transport, and so on Our study, for the first time, provided a proteomic reference for elucidating the differences between C and IC areas, as an integrated function unit respectively, during the peri-implantation period. The results could help us to better understand the implantation in the ewes. In addition, we established a relatively detailed protein database of ovine endometrium, which provide a unique reference for further studies.     

肉鸡生产HACCP管理体系的研究与建立

HACCP是一个管理体系,它是一种如何组织具体科学技术在生产中应用并落到实处的学问,属于管理学的范畴。HACCP管理体系实施的关键是要建立一个有效的操作程序和监控体系,制定本企业的技术标准操作程序。同时需要培养一支技术过硬、经验丰富、责任心强的技术人员和监管队伍,建立监控记录,定期检查分析,不断预测潜在危害,不断提高企业控制关键点的能力和水平,对企业的质量管理进行持续改进,最终形成一套适合企业饲养过程的HACCP计划,并推广应用,达到质量安全的效果。