Epostane对公兔血清睾酮、皮质醇的影响

将不同剂量的Ｅｐｏｓｔａｎｃ静脉注射成年公兔，测定注射后１、２、３、２４小时血清睾酮、皮质醇水平的变化。结果显示注射Ｅｐｏｓｔａｎｃ后公兔血清睾酮水平增加且与剂量相关；低剂量Ｅｐｏｓｔａｎｃ显著地降低血清皮质醇水平。     

Effects of inulin on performance, egg quality, gut microflora and serum and yolk cholesterol in laying hens

1. The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of inulin on laying hens. A total of 360 Brown Nick laying hens were divided randomly into 6 groups of 60 with 6 replicates of 10 hens and fed on diets containing 0 (control), 0·1, 0·5, 1·0, 1·5 or 2·0% inulin during the 4-week trial. 2. Dietary supplementation of inulin reduced cholesterol concentration (mg/g yolk) and content (mg/egg) in eggs. Cholesterol content in eggs decreased linearly with increasing levels of dietary inulin level. 3. Supplementation of inulin in diets decreased coliform bacteria counts and pH in the caecum. The lowest coliform bacteria counts (6·30 ± 0·03 log10 cfu/g) and pH (6·47 ± 0·01) were obtained in the 2·0% inulin group, the two indices decreasing by 21·6% and 3·0% respectively, compared with the control group. Coliform bacteria count and pH were changed linearly in accordance with increasing levels of dietary inulin level. Caecal Bifidobacteria counts were increased in the 2·0%-inulin group. 4. Inulin supplementation of layer diets did not appear to have any adverse effects on laying rate, egg weight, feed intake, feed conversion efficiency, cracked-egg rate, eggshell thickness or Haugh unit compared with the control laying hens. 5. Therefore, dietary supplementation with inulin may lead to the development of low-cholesterol chicken eggs as demanded by health-conscious consumers.     

宁夏部分地区牛病毒性腹泻的血清学检测

[目的]掌握宁夏地区部分牛场犊牛病毒性腹泻病毒感染情况,为犊牛病毒性腹泻的净化和综合防治提供依据。[方法]从宁夏4个市9个县(区)的25个发病牛场(户)采集血清样品191份,采用ELISA方法,进行血清学调查。[结果]宁夏4个地级市犊牛病毒性腹泻的抗体阳性率高达64.92%,并有一定程度的抗原阳性,且主要发生在1月龄以内的犊牛。[结论]牛病毒性腹泻是具有重大经济意义的疾病,是今后宁夏养牛业应重点防范的疾病之一。     

我国华南地区主要多年生栽培草种的区划研究

按照全国草种区划的部署,华南区包括闽,粤、桂、琼四省(区)和云南省的南部地区。总结和分析五十年代以后华南各省(区)有关单位在牧草引种驯化和筛选中取得的成果和经验。对华南的自然环境,气候分区和土壤类型,主要草种的筛选依据及各草种的特性、适应性和生产性能进行了深入研究。结合主要草种小区补充重复试验结果和生产调查,所有结果都显示适应华南种植的是热带栽培牧草。只有北和西北部边缘中山地区(海拔600—800米以上)适宜种植温带栽培草种。经综合评价再按照作者提出的分区原则、指标和亚区分区方法,华南区的主要多年生栽培草种可以划分为四个亚区:①闽、粤、桂南部和海南全部(热带和南亚热带)丘陵平原大翼豆、银合欢、格米姆柱花草、卡松古鲁狗尾草、宽叶雀稗和象草亚区;②闽、粤、桂北部(中亚热带)低山丘陵绿叶山蚂蝗,银叶山蚂蝗、银合欢、宽叶雀稗和小花毛花雀稗亚区;③闽、粤、桂北部和西北部中山(中亚热带山地)白三叶、多年生黑麦草和鸭茅亚区;④滇南(热带和南亚热带)低山丘陵大翼豆、格拉姆柱花草、宽叶雀稗和象草亚区。对各亚区的自然概况和草坡特点作了简述。     

辽西地区野兔危害情况调查

通过走访、问卷调查和样地调查,对辽西地区野兔危害情况进行了初步调查,并对调查数据进行了统计分析。结果表明：辽西地区野兔主要危害杏树,其次是刺槐、杨树和梨树等;野兔对不同林龄杏树危害差异显著。其中,对3林龄以下杏树危害严重,3林龄以上危害较轻;野兔对不同地区杏树危害程度差异显著,主要表现在对海拔较高降雨较少的地区危害程度较海拔低降雨相对多的地区高。     

浅谈规模猪场母猪子宫内膜炎的防治

近年来母猪子宫内膜炎在集约化养猪场的发病呈上升趋势,尤其是夏天高温季节,母猪产后发病率明显增加,有的养猪场发病率高达40％～60％。本文针对规模猪场的实际情况,提出一些切实可行的措施,为母猪子宫内膜内炎的治疗提供参考。     

Pharmacokinetics of oxytetracycline in hemolymph from the Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis

Feng, Q., Wu, G. H., Liang, T. M., Ji, H. Y., Jiang, X. J., Gu, W., Wang, W. Pharmacokinetics of oxytetracycline in hemolymph from the Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis. J. vet. Pharmacol. Therap. 34 , 51–57. The purpose of this study was to investigate the hemolymph kinetics and depuration time of oxytetracycline following intramuscular administration at doses of 2, 8 and 40 mg/kg body weight, respectively. The concentration of OTC in hemolymph was assayed using solid phase extraction and high performance liquid chromatography. The elimination half‐life of the terminal part of the elimination phase (t_1/2β) ranged from 87.9 to 114.3 h. The total body clearance (CL_b) was 0.0430 L/kg/h at the lower dose, 0.0123 L/kg/h at the medium dose and 0.0013 L/kg/h at the higher dose. The apparent volume of the central compartment (V_c) was found to be 1.383, 0.699 and 0.143 L/kg respectively. The depuration time for each dose was 13.6, 29.6 and 57.6 days, respectively. Results from the present study suggest that the 40 mg/kg dose might have the best therapeutic efficacy following intramuscular administration.     

饲粮代谢能水平对北京油鸡屠宰性能和肌内脂肪含量的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮代谢能水平对不同脂肪型脂肪酸结合蛋白(A-FABP)基因型北京油鸡屠宰性能和肌内脂肪(IMF)含量的影响。选择体重相近的42日龄北京油鸡公鸡480只,随机分成4组(每组6个重复,每个重复20只鸡),采用3层阶梯式笼养,分别饲喂代谢能为11.76、12.39、13.02和13.65 M J/kg的饲粮(Ⅰ~Ⅳ组)。试验期48 d。试验结束后,所有鸡只全部宰杀,测定屠宰性能;每个重复随机选取7只鸡,翅静脉采血,据A-FABP基因外显子1第51位碱基C→T突变进行基因分型,即未突变型(MM)、杂合型(MN)和突变型(NN),并测定IM F含量。结果表明:1)Ⅲ组(13.02 M J/kg代谢能组)北京油鸡的活体重、屠体率、全净膛率显著高于Ⅰ组(11.76 MJ/kg代谢能组)和Ⅱ组(12.39 MJ/kg代谢能组)(P<0.05),但与Ⅳ组(13.65 MJ/kg代谢能组)无显著差异(P>0.50)。2)13.65 MJ/kg代谢能组北京油鸡腹脂率分别是11.76、12.39、13.02 MJ/kg代谢能组的1.65、2.43和2.50倍,差异显著(P<0.05);与中等代谢能(12.39和13.02 MJ/kg)相比,高代谢能(13.65 MJ/kg)可增加NN北京油鸡的腹脂率,但对MM和MN无显著影响(P>0.10)。3)12.39 MJ/kg代谢能组北京油鸡胸肌IMF含量分别是11.76、13.02和13.65 MJ/kg代谢能组的1.35、1.34和1.32倍,差异显著(P<0.05),后3组间差异不显著(P>0.05);MM北京油鸡腿肌IMF含量和脂肪组织中A-FABP基因mRNA表达水平显著高于M N和NN(P<0.05),且A-FABP基因mRNA表达水平与腿肌IM F含量和基因型均存在显著相关性(P<0.01)。由此可见,13.02 MJ/kg代谢能饲粮提高了7~13周龄北京油鸡的活体重、屠体率和全净膛率;13.65 MJ/kg代谢能饲粮增加了北京油鸡的腹脂率,尤其是A-FABP基因外显子1第51位碱基C→T突变的北京油鸡,但未提高肌肉IMF含量。     

甘蓝型油菜黄籽高含油量育种资源遗传多样性分析

以2份白菜型油菜为对照,用SRAP标记研究了57份甘蓝型油菜黄籽高油育种资源的遗传关系。在遗传相似系数0.682处,可将59份材料分为3类:两份白菜型油菜聚为一类;甘蓝型油菜除选系Y58单独聚为一类外,其他所有选系归为另一类,显示黄籽高油育种资源遗传基础较窄。在遗传相似性系数0.738处,又可将57份甘蓝型油菜分为6个亚类,其中53份材料归为两个大的亚类,系谱或亲缘关系较近的材料一般聚在同一亚类,且按系谱关系比地理来源划分明显,提示地理来源配制强优势黄籽高油杂交组合可靠性可能不如按系谱来源。