Nitrogen Fractions and Release in the Sediments from the Shallow Lakes in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River Area, China

Different nitrogen (N) fractions from 14 sediments from the shallow lakes in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River area before and after N release experiments were investigated, and the content of different N fractions, and contribution of different N fractions to the N released from sediments were also studied. Ion-exchangeable form (IEF–N), carbonate form (CF–N), iron-manganese oxide form (IMOF–N) and organic matter-sulfide form (OSF–N) accounted for 2.72～17.67%, 0.47～4.43%, 1.18～3.49% and 31.05 to 71.61% to total N, respectively. The N released was higher than 50% from IEF–N, approximately 35% from OSF–N, 6 and 8% from CF–N and IMOF–N on the average. Approximately 27.32～70.02% of IEF–N, 10.37～32.11% of CF–N, 11.37～33.43% IMOF–N and 2.02～8.19% OSF–N were released. For the sediments that were slightly polluted, IEF–N was the main N fraction that may be released and its contribution to total N released was more than 63.07%, for the sediments that TN was higher than 3,540.27 mg·kg^?1, OSF–N would become the main N fraction that can be released and its contribution to total N released was more than 45%.     

基于ARM的农业装备共性参数测控系统

为满足多种信号实时采集与控制,分析了农业装备性能参数的特性,基于ARM嵌入式技术研制了具有共性参数检测能力、可满足农业装备综合性能参数检测需要的数据采集与控制系统。在S3C2410A和外围硬件电路构成的硬件平台上,利用多线程技术,开发了具有友好人机交互界面的应用软件。系统最多可提供34个测控通道,经计量和田间试验验证,模拟通道线性误差为0.38%、计数和计频通道误差为1Hz,其测试精度和可靠性满足农业装备的性能参数测量需要。该系统的研制有效提升了农业装备的性能检测手段,具有较高的实用性。     

Effects of Growing Location and Irrigation on Attributes and Ethanol Yields of Selected Grain Sorghums

Nine sorghum cultivars (five inbred lines and four hybrids) were grown in 2006 in three locations (Mount Hope, KS, Halstead, KS, and Plainview, TX) under different irrigation conditions and were evaluated for composition and ethanol fermentation efficiency. The objective was to study, in one growing season, the effects of genotype, growing location, and irrigation on the physical and chemical properties and fermentation efficiencies of grain sorghum. Genotype had a significant effect on chemical composition, physical properties, and ethanol yield. The cultivars showed a large variation in starch (61.0–74.8%), protein (7.56–16.35%), crude fat (2.79–4.77%), crude fiber (0.58–2.57%), ash (1.25–2.26%), kernel weight (20.0–35.9 mg), kernel hardness (49.6–97.5), and kernel size (1.9–2.7 mm) and were the most important factors affecting ethanol fermentation efficiency (87.5–93.9%). Starch and protein contents were significantly affected by growing location but not by irrigation. Environment had a significant effect on ethanol yields. Unexpectedly, irrigation somewhat reduced fermentation efficiency.     

Effect of nitrogen levels on photosynthetic parameters,morphological and chemical characters of saplings and trees in a temperate forest

Exploring the response differences of leaf physiology parameters to enhanced nitrogen deposition between saplings and trees is vital for predicting the variations of terrestrial ecosystem structure and function under future global climate change. In this study, the ecophysiological parameters of saplings and trees of Fraxinus mandshurica Rupr. were measured at different levels of nitrogen addition in a temperate forest. The results show that ecophysiological parameters maximum net photosynthetic rate(P_(max)), apparent quantum efficiency(a), dark respiration(R_d), light saturation point(L_(sp)), photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency(PNUE),specific leaf area(SLA)and stomatal conductance under saturated light intensity(G_(smax)) were higher in saplings than in trees. These physiological parameters and not N_(leaf)(leaf nitrogen content)led to relatively lower P_(max) and R_d in trees. For both saplings and trees, low and median nitrogen addition(23 and 46 kg ha~(-1)a~(-1)) resulted in significant increases in Pmax, Rd, Lsp, Chl, PNUE, SLA and Gsmax. These parameters tended to decline under high additions of nitrogen(69 kg ha~(-1)a~(-1)),whereas Nleaf was always enhanced with increasing nitrogen. Variations in Pmax and Rd with increasing nitrogen were attributed to variations in the strongly related parameters of, Lsp, Chl, PNUE, SLA and Gsmax. Overall, the response sensitivity of physiological parameters to enhanced nitrogen levels was lower in trees compared with saplings.     

竹类资源在我国石漠化防治中的应用研究

石漠化问题是岩溶地区首要生态问题, 严重制约着区域社会经济可持续发展。因石漠化土地具有双层水文结构、缺土少水、富钙(镁)、偏碱性的特性, 物种选择受限; 而岩溶地区竹类种质资源丰富, 其生态与经济效益俱佳, 是实现治"石"与致富的有效物种, 推广意义重大。文中介绍了我国石漠化土地现状和生态特征、我国竹类资源分布状况及主要特性, 分析了竹类在石漠化防治中的可行性, 阐述了石漠化治理中竹类品种选择要求以及石漠化治理中主要丛生竹品种和主要特性, 并提出石漠化治理中竹类栽培与抚育管理的关键技术与要点, 以期为我国在全面推进石漠化综合治理工程中加强竹类资源广泛应用提供参考。     

芳香植物的特性及在园林景观中的应用

指出了随着我国园林事业的蓬勃发展和芳香植物资源的持续开发,人们对生态环境和审美方面的要求愈发强烈,现代园林景观的设计开始由绿化型、美化型向生态型、保健型等方面转变.芳香植物作为现代园林景观设计的优良素材,对营造生态型环境、园艺疗法等方面具有较高的优势.主要从芳香植物的概念出发,介绍了它的特性、功能作用及在园林中的主要应用,阐述了其在景观应用过程出中存在的问题,并提出一些合理化的建议.     

马尾松林昆虫群落动态及稳定性研究

通过对松毛虫一个暴发周期中不同发生类型区内松林林冠层昆虫群落的多样性及其动态分析结果表明,群落平均多样性特别是潜伏期多样性越大,群落越稳定,食叶类群多样性对整个群落的多样性和稳定性起重要的作用。捕食类群对刺吸类群控制作用较大,而寄生类群对食叶类群的控制作用较大。中性昆虫在群落中也有一定的作用。松毛虫不同发生阶段中,上升阶段多样性最大,如此时多样性足够大,可有效地抑制松毛虫的暴发,否则松毛虫将在竞争中占优势地位,数量猛增,导致大发生。通过研究认为,群落中并联形式的多样性可增加系统的冗余和负反馈作用,导致系统的稳定性;而串联形式的多样性不能导致系统的稳定性。     

香榧大砧嫁接技术试验

以地径3~5cm的实生榧树大苗为砧木、"细榧"等品种为接穗,研究不同嫁接部位、嫁接时间、嫁接高度、大砧地径大小对香榧新梢生长和嫁接成活率的影响。结果表明,采用主枝劈接和主干劈接的嫁接成活率分别为100%和87.67%,接穗成活率分别为95.17%和83.33%,达到10%以上的显著水平,平均抽梢个数无差异,但主干劈接的新梢平均生长量43.18cm、高于主枝劈接的37.22cm;主干劈接时间上,嫁接成活率间没有显著差异,但新梢生长量随嫁接时间推迟而减小;主干劈接的高度对嫁接成活率、平均抽梢次数没有显著差异,平均新梢长度越低、新梢越长;砧木地径大小对嫁接成活率、平均抽梢次数没有显著差异,但地径越大、新梢越长。     

Soil-resistant organic carbon improves soil erosion resistance under agroforestry in the Yellow River Flood Plain,of China

Agroforestry Systems - Soil organic carbon (SOC) pool within different agroforestry systems is less documented. This study therefore investigated the relationships between soil parameters,...     

毛竹林生态系统能量动态规律的研究

本文根据在建瓯设置的４０块毛竹林标准地的能量测定资料,首次动用分室论对毛竹林生态系统能量动态进行研究,建立了毛竹林生态系统能量动态分室模型,并在此基础上进行能量动态变化规律的模拟,结果表明：平衡时各分室能量分别为：地上部分９１０７７．４３、凋落物２３３７．８４、地下活鞭根９４１９．８７、地下死鞭根２００５．０５、林分总能量１０４８４０．１９（单位：ｋＪ／ｍ＾２）,从而为提示毛竹林毛竹生态系统的潜力