外源水杨酸对盐胁迫下非洲菊抗氧化酶活性和生理特性的影响(英文)

以非洲菊(Gerbera jamesonii L.)品种Amaretto'为试材,研究外源水杨酸(SA)对缓解非洲菊生殖生长期因盐胁迫引起的过氧化伤害作用.在开花前分别用0、0.5和1.0mmol L-1SA对非洲菊植株进行预处理,3d后用100mmol L-1NaCl灌溉,持续2周;对照植株未经NaCl和SA处理.结果表明:盐胁迫处理后,叶片的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性增加,丙二醛(MDA)含量、电解质外渗率和脯氨酸含量提高;外源SA预处理显著降低了盐胁迫植株叶片的MDA含量和电解质外渗率;在外源0.5mmol L-1SA预处理后,植株SOD和POD活性分别是对照的1.4倍和2.4倍;SA预处理后与植株耐盐性相关的生理生化指标呈显著相关,以0.5mmol L-1SA处理增强植株盐胁迫耐性的效果更好.说明外源SA处理能够诱导盐胁迫下非洲菊植株的抗氧化反应,水杨酸将是一种提高园艺作物耐盐性的有效物质.     

蜡梅研究进展

对1992—2008年蜡梅类植物的研究成果进行了分析。在此基础上,从种质资源、形态分类、繁殖栽培、新品种选育、生物学特性、化学成分研究以及蜡梅的园林用途、切花保鲜等方面进行了论述,并对今后一段时期研究的重点提出了建议。     

基于GIS技术的新疆棉花施肥专家系统

对集成地理信息系统(GIS)技术应用于新疆棉花施肥专家系统(ES)进行了研究和探讨,通过Internet访问该专家系统界面,用户可以得到农田地块的地理信息,进行棉田施肥推荐;同时可进行农田肥力的综合查询和专题图制作。该专家系统的建立不仅推进了新疆地区平衡施肥信息化的进程,也为精准农业的实践提供决策支持。     

锌在肉仔鸡小肠不同部位吸收机理的研究

 【目的】研究锌在肉仔鸡十二指肠、空肠和回肠中的吸收机理。【方法】观测不同水平锌在肉仔鸡小肠不同部位中的吸收速率,对数据进行非线性回归拟合,研究锌吸收动力学特点,采用Real-time PCR检测肉仔鸡小肠中MT、ZnT1、ZnT2和ZnT5 mRNA相对表达量。【结果】在不同锌添加水平下,回肠锌吸收均极显著高于十二指肠和空肠（P＜0.005）,十二指肠和空肠的锌吸收类似;吸收动力学特点表明,十二指肠、空肠锌的最大吸收速度（Jmax）分别为5.32±1.46、2.57±0.39 nmol•min-1•cm-1,米氏常数（Km）分别为1.44±0.33、0.51±0.17 mmol•L-1,回肠的扩散系数（P）为5.72±0.11 cm2•min-1;添加40μg•ml-1锌与未添加锌相比,显著提高肉仔鸡十二指肠（P=0.018）及空肠和回肠（P≤0.0037）的MT mRNA水平,显著降低回肠ZnT5 mRNA水平（P=0.034）,且添加锌后十二指肠和回肠的ZnT1、ZnT2及十二指肠ZnT5的mRNA水平有降低趋势,空肠的3个基因表达量略有增加。添加40 μg•ml-1锌,肉仔鸡十二指肠的MT、ZnT1 mRNA水平极显著高于空肠和回肠（P≤0.0001）,回肠MT、ZnT1和ZnT5的mRNA水平在3个肠段中均趋于最低。【结论】回肠是肉仔鸡锌吸收的主要部位,锌的吸收不同于十二指肠和空肠,为非饱和扩散过程,而十二指肠和空肠锌的吸收为饱和载体调节过程;各肠段几种锌转运蛋白的基因表达差异进一步说明回肠锌吸收以扩散为主,十二指肠和空肠的锌吸收与多种锌转运蛋白密切相关。     

Effects of Nitrogen Forms on Carbon and Nitrogen Accumulation in Tomato Seedling

Utilization of organic nitrogen （N） is an important aspect of plant N assimilation and has potential application in sustainable agriculture. The aim of this study was to investigate the plant growth, C and N accumulation in leaves and roots of tomato seedlings in response to inorganic （NH4^＋-N, NO3^-N） and organic nitrogen （Gly-N）. Different forms of nitrogen （NH4^＋-N, NO3^--N, Gly-N） were supplied to two tomato cultivars （Shenfen 918 and Huying 932） using a hydroponics system. The plant dry biomass, chlorophyll content, root activity, total carbon and nitrogen content in roots and leaves, and total N absorption, etc. were assayed during the cultivation. Our results showed that no significant differences in plant height, dry biomass, and total N content were found within the first 16 d among three treatments; however, significant differences in treatments on 24 d and 32 d were observed, and the order was NO3^--N 〉 Gly-N 〉 NH4^＋-N. Significant differences were also observed between the two tomato cultivars. Chlorophyll contents in the two cultivars were significantly increased by the Gly-N treatment, and root activity showed a significant decrease in NHa^＋-N treatment. Tomato leaf total carbon content was slightly affected by different N forms; however, total carbon in root and total nitrogen in root and leaf were promoted significantly by inorganic and organic N. Among the applied N forms, the increasing effects of the NH4^＋-N treatment were larger than that of the Gly-N. In a word, different N resources resulted in different physiological effects in tomatoes. Organic nitrogen （e.g., Gly-N） can be a proper resource of plant N nutrition. Tomatoes of different genotypes had different responses under organic nitrogen （e.g., Gly-N） supplies.     

山西省新疆杨造林中其个体基因变异的研究

新疆杨(Populus bolleana LAUCHE)是山西省北部乃至中国西北部重要的阔叶树造林树种,但目前发现只有雄性植株,它很可能是一个或几个无性系通过无性繁殖而大规模传播开来,基因变异狭窄,会给造林带来巨大的潜在危险。于2004年到2005年在山西省境内随机采集59个样树,在德国爱博斯瓦尔德大学(FH-Eberswalde)的生态实验室进行了同工酶分析。分析结果显示,在山西省境随机采样的59个新疆杨树中,88%的被猜测为是一个或同样的无性系。初步证实山西省境内的新疆杨造林基因变异有限,这就是说在山西境内新疆杨的造林潜在着巨大的风险。同时就避免或降低这种风险的可能性进行讨论。     

樱桃番茄果长性状的主基因-多基因混合遗传分析

以樱桃番茄(Lycopersicon esculentum var.cerasiforme Alef)圆形白交系W403(P1)和梨形自交系W403(P2)为亲本,构建P1、F1(P1×P2)、P2、B1(F1×P2)、B2(F1×P2)和F2共6个家系世代群体,应用植物数量性状主基因+多基因混合遗传模型和经典遗传学方法对该6个家系世代群体果长进行多世代联合分析,结果表明:W403果长受一对隐性等位主基因控制,W403×W405遗传符合1对主基因+多基因遗传模型.B1、B2和F2群体主基因遗传率分别为70.20%、54.73%和48.78%,多基因遗传率分别为0,19.94%和26.67%,说明F2世代果长表现出较高的主基因遗传率,并受环境影响.对W403×W405组合果长性状的改良要以主基因为主,同时注意环境的影响.     

淀粉液化芽孢杆菌抗菌脂肽发酵培养基及发酵条件的优化

 【目的】提高淀粉液化芽孢杆菌（Bacillus amyloliquefaciens）发酵产脂肽类抗菌物质的产量。【方法】采用Plackett-Burman Design对影响B. amyloliquefaciens ES-2-4产脂肽类抗菌物质产量的13个因子进行筛选,在筛选结果的基础上,再运用Uniform Design（均匀设计）对关键因子的最佳水平范围进行研究,通过回归方程求解得到最高产量时各关键因子的最优组合。【结果】影响抗菌物质产量的关键因子为葡萄糖、L-谷氨酸钠、转速和温度;获得最佳产量时关键因子的最优组合为：葡萄糖(42 g•L-1)、L-谷氨酸钠(14 g•L-1)、温度（27℃）、转速（200r/min）,在此条件下,产量从优化前的4.84 g•L-1 提高到了6.76 g•L-1,增长了39.7%。【结论】B. amyloliquefaciens ES-2-4抗菌脂肽发酵培养基筛选与优化的过程中,采用Plackett-Burman Design和Uniform Design相结合的方法,效果显著,经济有效。     

Phosphorylation by p38 MAPK as an alternative pathway for GSK3beta inactivation

Glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK3beta) is involved in metabolism, neurodegeneration, and cancer. Inhibition of GSK3beta activity is the primary mechanism that regulates this widely expressed active kinase. Although the protein kinase Akt inhibits GSK3beta by phosphorylation at the N terminus, preventing Akt-mediated phosphorylation does not affect the cell-survival pathway activated through the GSK3beta substrate beta-catenin. Here, we show that p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) also inactivates GSK3beta by direct phosphorylation at its C terminus, and this inactivation can lead to an accumulation of beta-catenin. p38 MAPK-mediated phosphorylation of GSK3beta occurs primarily in the brain and thymocytes. Activation of beta-catenin-mediated signaling through GSK3beta inhibition provides a potential mechanism for p38 MAPK-mediated survival in specific tissues.     

Synchronizing rock clocks of Earth history

Calibration of the geological time scale is achieved by independent radioisotopic and astronomical dating, but these techniques yield discrepancies of approximately 1.0% or more, limiting our ability to reconstruct Earth history. To overcome this fundamental setback, we compared astronomical and 40Ar/39Ar ages of tephras in marine deposits in Morocco to calibrate the age of Fish Canyon sanidine, the most widely used standard in 40Ar/39Ar geochronology. This calibration results in a more precise older age of 28.201 +/- 0.046 million years ago (Ma) and reduces the 40Ar/39Ar method's absolute uncertainty from approximately 2.5 to 0.25%. In addition, this calibration provides tight constraints for the astronomical tuning of pre-Neogene successions, resulting in a mutually consistent age of approximately 65.95 Ma for the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary.