酸度对胡敏酸与镉和锌离子络合反应的影响

用离子交换平衡法研究了不同pH下胡敏酸与锌、镉单独及复合存在下形成络合物的稳定性及配位数.结果表明：在Zn^2＋,Cd^2＋单独存在时,络合反应的稳定常数及配位数随着pH值的增大而增大;相同pH条件下,Zn^2＋和胡敏酸络合物的稳定常数及配位数大于Cd^2＋.在Zn^2＋,Cd^2＋复合存在时,pH的变化与胡敏酸络合金属离子的稳定常数及配位数没有明显依存关系;与单独存在时相比,在pH 3.5和pH7.0时,Zn^2＋,Cd^2＋和胡敏酸络合物的稳定常数和配位数都减小;而在pH 5.0时,Cd^2＋和胡敏酸络合物的稳定常数和配位数都增大,Zn^2＋和胡敏酸络合物的稳定常数和配位数都减小.     

以光周期处理与分期播种试验综合鉴定大豆品种的光温反应

设置短日照(12 h)和长日照(16 h)两种光周期处理,并以春播模拟低温、夏播模拟高温条件,形成长日+低温、长日+高温、短日+低温、短日+高温4种光温组合。2007年对近年育成的10个北方春大豆[Glycine max (L.) Merr.]品种(系)和18个黄淮海夏大豆品种(系)进行了光温反应特性鉴定。2008年对50份材料进行了光周期反应鉴定。结果表明,不论在低温(春播)还是高温(夏播)条件下,短日照均加快大豆的发育进程,导致开花提前;不论在长日照还是短日照条件下,高温均减少出苗至初花的日数。光周期和温度对大豆的发育存在明显的互作,随着温度的升高,短日照促进大豆发育的效应有所加强;随着日照的缩短,高温加快发育的作用也有所增大。供试大豆品种生态类型在光周期反应敏感度(PRS)、温度反应敏感度(TRS)及光温综合反应敏感度(PTCRS)等方面均存在显著差异。北方春大豆品种的上述3个指标均小于黄淮海夏大豆品种,但前者在不同光照条件下的温度反应敏感度差值和在不同温度条件下的光周期反应敏感度差值均较后者高,说明北方春大豆品种光温互作效应较强。     

Photosynthetic differences between saplings and adult trees: an integration of field results by meta-analysis

Ontogenetic changes in gas exchange parameters provide both insight into mechanisms underlying tree growth patterns, and data necessary to scale environmental impacts on young trees to predict responses of older trees. We present a quantitative review and meta-analysis of field measurements of gas exchange parameters in saplings and mature trees of 35 tree species (seven conifers, seven temperate deciduous trees, and 21 tropical evergreen trees). Data for saplings were obtained in both understory environments and open areas or large gaps. We also present data on ontogenetic changes in photosynthesis for Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco and Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg., species of particular interest because of their large maximal heights and long life-spans. Among tree species, there is evidence for both ontogenetic increases and ontogenetic decreases in photosynthetic capacity on a leaf area basis (A(area)). Overall, A(area) is generally higher for upper-canopy leaves of adult trees than for saplings, especially in temperate deciduous trees. However, the pattern for photosynthetic capacity on a leaf mass basis (A(mass)) is the reverse of that observed for A(area). Saplings of both conifers and broad-leaved trees, even when acclimated to low-light conditions, characteristically have a higher A(mass) than adult trees. This pattern is driven largely by an ontogenetic increase in leaf mass per unit area (LMA), as found in 100% of studies reviewed. Data for Pacific Northwest conifers, although including measurements on some of the tallest trees studied, did not differ greatly from patterns found in other tree species. We conclude that ontogenetic changes in LMA are the single most consistent difference between saplings and adult trees, and that changes in LMA and related aspects of leaf morphology may be critical to understanding both variation in gas exchange during tree growth, and stage-dependent responses of trees to environmental change.     

Einfluß der Bestandesdichte auf Ertrag und Qualität der Zuckerrübe bei unterschiedlichem Erntetermin

The effect of plant population on yield and quality of sugar beet at different harvesting date
Optimum plant population of sugar beet in respect of corrected sugar yield in Central Europe ranges from 70 000 to 90 000 plants/ha. It is known that extending the length of growing period by later harvesting causes an increase in yield and quality of sugar beet depending on location and weather. There is a lack of information, however, about the effect of plant population on yield and quality increase with postponed harvesting date.
The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of plant density and harvesting date on yield and quality of sugar beet.
Four trials were carried out at Göttingen (Lower Saxony) from 1982 to 1985 which included each year four plant populations and three harvesting dates (end of September to middle of November).
Depending on seed lot, plant spacing and field emergence, plant populations varied between 87 000 and 27 000 plants/ha. Averaged over the years, the plant populations for the different treatments reached 71 000, 51 000, 40 000 and 31 000 plants/ha.
Later harvesting date and increasing plant population resulted in higher yield of beet and/or higher sugar content of beet. The increase in corrected sugar yield with extending the length of growing period was highest in plant populations with high density.
From the results it can be concluded that by having the choice, a beet crop with the highest plant population should be harvested at the end, a crop with a lower plant population at the beginning of the harvesting period, unless there have to be observed some other aspects (location, crop sequence, field condition).     

蜂产品可溯源监控体系

在介绍食品溯源的概念和意义的基础上,对我国建立蜂产品溯源监控体系的紧迫性和存在的问题,如何建立蜂产品溯源监控体系以及蜂产品溯源监控体系中几个关键技术(以蜂蜜为例)提出了一些建议.