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41.
L.K. Whitten B.V.Sc. Ph.D. 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(7):146-147
Extract The important external parasites of cattle in New Zealand include the cattle tick, Haemaphysalis longicornis, which occurs mainly in northern districts, the biting louse, Damalinia bovis, and the long-nosed sucking louse, Linognathus vituli. There are two other lice, Haematopinus eurysternus, and Solenopotes capillatus but they are much less common. The mange mite, Chorioptes bovis, occurs mainly in the winter months and causes lesions on the legs, tail and escutcheon, and in bulls it may cause severe scrotal mange similar to that seen in rams. Demodex folliculorum causes lesions deep in the skin and these constitute a serious problem in the leather industry. Stable flies, Stomoxys calcitrans, are blood suckers and their attacks worry cattle on pasture and in the milking sheds. At milking time they may inhibit milk let-down and the teat cups may be kicked off by restless cows. Warble flies, Hypoderma spp., are seen only in imported cattle and have never become established in New Zealand. 相似文献
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N.B. Pullan B.V.Sc. M.Sc Dip.T.V.M. M.R.C.V.S. L.K. Whitten B.V.Sc Ph.D. 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(5):69-72
Extract The common liver fluke, Fasciola hepatica, is an important cause of death and economic loss in many countries of the world. The loss can take the form of ill-thrift and consequent reduced meat, milk and wool production. Death can occur directly in severe infections or indirectly owing to black disease. Apart from this, there is the economic loss from the condemnation of infested livers for human consumption. 相似文献
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The structure of the upper atmosphere of mars: In situ accelerometer measurements from mars global surveyor 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
GM Keating SW Bougher RW Zurek RH Tolson GJ Cancro SN Noll JS Parker TJ Schellenberg RW Shane BL Wilkerson JR Murphy JL Hollingsworth RM Haberle M Joshi JC Pearl BJ Conrath MD Smith RT Clancy RC Blanchard RG Wilmoth DF Rault TZ Martin DT Lyons PB Esposito MD Johnston al et 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1998,279(5357):1672-1676
The Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) z-axis accelerometer has obtained over 200 vertical structures of thermospheric density, temperature, and pressure, ranging from 110 to 170 kilometers, compared to only three previous such vertical structures. In November 1997, a regional dust storm in the Southern Hemisphere triggered an unexpectedly large thermospheric response at mid-northern latitudes, increasing the altitude of thermospheric pressure surfaces there by as much as 8 kilometers and indicating a strong global thermospheric response to a regional dust storm. Throughout the MGS mission, thermospheric density bulges have been detected on opposite sides of the planet near 90 degreesE and 90 degreesW, in the vicinity of maximum terrain heights. This wave 2 pattern may be caused by topographically-forced planetary waves propagating up from the lower atmosphere. 相似文献
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Supplementation of Slow‐Release Melatonin Improves Recovery of Ovarian Cyclicity and Conception in Summer Anoestrous Buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) 下载免费PDF全文
A Kumar S Mehrotra G Singh VP Maurya K Narayanan AS Mahla RK Chaudhari M Singh YK Soni BL Kumawat SK Dabas N Srivastava 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2016,51(1):10-17
The role of melatonin as a protective neurohormone against restoring cyclicity in summer anoestrous animals in photoperiod species has gained wider acceptance. This study was designed to uncover the evidence the slow‐release melatonin (MLT) has on initiation of ovarian cyclicity and conception rate (CR) in summer anoestrous buffaloes. Thus, buffaloes diagnosed as summer anoestrous (absence of overt signs of oestrus, concurrent rectal examination and radioimmunoassay for serum progesterone at 10 days interval) were grouped as untreated (Group I, sterilized corn oil, n = 8) and treated (Group II, single subcutaneous injection of MLT @18 mg/50 kg bwt in sterilized corn oil, n = 20). Animals treated and detected in oestrus were artificially inseminated (AI) followed by division into Group III (second dose of MLT on 5th day post‐AI, n = 8) and Group IV (no melatonin administration, n = 10). Blood samples were collected at 4 days interval for estimation of serum MLT, progesterone and oestrogen using radioimmunoassay kit. Mean oestrous induction rate (OIR), oestrous induction interval (OII), interoestrous interval (IOI) and CR were estimated. Compared to control, concentration of melatonin was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in treated group ranging from 14.34 ± 1.72 to 412.31 ± 14.47 pg/ml whereas other two hormones did not show any concentration difference. Melatonin‐administered buffaloes showed significantly (p < 0.05) higher (90%) OIR with OII of 18.06 ± 1.57 days. Results showed improvement in conception rate in buffaloes administered with post‐insemination melatonin. It can be concluded from the study that slow‐release melatonin supplementation restored cyclicity in summer anoestrous animals resulting in improvement in conception rate in buffaloes. 相似文献
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L.K. Whitten 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(4)
Extract Paramphistome flukes are well known parasites of New Zealand cattle, and a study of their life cycle has been made by Jonathan. Records of the same parasite in sheep are rare, and the purpose of this note is to record the fact that the parasite does occur in sheep and that it has given rise to what is considered to be a pathogenic infestation in young ewes. The outbreak occurred in a flock of 250 ewes, of which 35 died showing symptoms of diarrhoea and anaemia. 相似文献
49.
Action thresholds as decision tools for insecticide application were developed and tested against the major insect pests of rice at four sites in the Philippines over a 13-year period. Action threshold treatments were compared to the farmers' practice, prophylactic insecticide usage, and an untreated check. Yield loss data using the insecticide check method partitioned yield losses over three crop growth stages in the same test fields. Chronic pests that exceeded action thresholds in 79% of fields were whorl maggot Hydrellia philippina Ferino (Diptera: Ephydridae), defoliators Naranga aenescens Moore and Rivula atimeta (Swinhoe) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), leaffolders Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guenée) and Marasmia patnalis Bradley (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), and stemborers Scirpophaga incertulas (Walker) and S. innotata (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Minor chronic pests reached threshold levels in only one site each: rice bug Leptocorisa oratorius (F.) (Koronadal), whitebacked planthopper Sogatella furcifera (Horvath) (Zaragoza) and green leafhopper Nephotettix virescens (Distant) (Guimba); brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) did not exceed a threshold in any field. Stemborers were the most important pest group in terms of yield loss. Despite the insecticide check method underestimating losses, a mean crop loss of 0.62 t/ha was measured which showed ample scope for corrective action. But loss was evenly distributed across crop growth stages (0.15?–?0.24 t/ha) reducing the impact of insecticides. Action threshold treatments overall outyielded the untreated check, more so in the two sites with highest pest density. The benefit of thresholds was to reduce insecticide usage, as a cost saving. However all the practices showed poor economic returns including the farmers' practice. Farmers' practice employed low insecticide dosages and timing was not consistent with pest damage, but yields were often similar to threshold treatments. Farmers appear to use insecticide more for risk aversion than for profit. The best threshold characters when evaluated against resulting pest density and yield loss criteria showed accuracies >?90% correct decisions. Future work is needed to improve the insecticide response rather than monitoring tools. Thresholds need to be incorporated into improved crop management, which was often found suboptimal by farmers, to take advantage of the high levels of tolerance in modern high tillering cultivars. Crop husbandry practices which improve yield potential such as selection of longer maturing varieties and nitrogen fertilizer may be a more effective pest management strategy than insecticides. 相似文献
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