不同种源胡枝子抗寒性和生物量变异研究

对比试验表明,不同种源二色胡枝子的抗寒性和地上部分生物量有变异,其中二色(辽·海城1)、二色(内蒙古)与二色(美)和二色(豫)之间,二色(辽·西峰2)、二色(冀)与二色(豫)之间抗寒性差异显著。综合抗寒性和生物量两个因子进行评价,二色(内蒙古)和二色(冀)、二色(辽·海城1)、二色(辽·西峰2)、二色(辽·海城2)比较适合试验地的自然环境条件。     

两种丁香种子适宜浸种温度和时间的研究

本文主要研究了暴马丁香和红丁香种子在20℃、30℃4、0℃、50℃温水中浸种的吸水规律,以及在恒温25℃无光条件下,浸种温度对暴马丁香和红丁香种子萌发的影响,并采用发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数、始发芽天数、发芽天数等指标对种子发芽效果进行了评价。结果表明,暴马丁香和红丁香种子的吸水量在20℃～50℃浸种水温范围内,随浸种水温的升高和浸种时间的延长呈上升趋势,并分别在浸种12h和24h后吸水量基本不变;在25℃无光照条件下,20℃、30℃、40℃浸种水温处理下的两种丁香种子,随温度的升高种子发芽指数、活力指数、发芽率均呈上升趋势,始发芽天数和发芽天数缩短,出芽整齐,并以40℃浸种水温的种子萌发最好;50℃浸种水温处理下的两种丁香种子萌发质量降低。对不同浸种水温下两种丁香种子萌发情况进行综合分析,40℃浸种水温条件下,12h和24h分别为暴马丁香和红丁香种子的最适宜浸种时间。     

Human Influence on the Atmospheric Vertical Temperature Structure: Detection and Observations

Recent work suggests a discernible human influence on climate. This finding is supported, with less restrictive assumptions than those used in earlier studies, by a 1961 through 1995 data set of radiosonde observations and by ensembles of coupled atmosphere-ocean simulations forced with changes in greenhouse gases, tropospheric sulfate aerosols, and stratospheric ozone. On balance, agreement between the simulations and observations is best for a combination of greenhouse gas, aerosol, and ozone forcing. The uncertainties remaining are due to imperfect knowledge of radiative forcing, natural climate variability, and errors in observations and model response.     

Ancestral developmental potential facilitates parallel evolution in ants

Complex worker caste systems have contributed to the evolutionary success of advanced ant societies; however, little is known about the developmental processes underlying their origin and evolution. We combined hormonal manipulation, gene expression, and phylogenetic analyses with field observations to understand how novel worker subcastes evolve. We uncovered an ancestral developmental potential to produce a "supersoldier" subcaste that has been actualized at least two times independently in the hyperdiverse ant genus Pheidole. This potential has been retained and can be environmentally induced throughout the genus. Therefore, the retention and induction of this potential have facilitated the parallel evolution of supersoldiers through a process known as genetic accommodation. The recurrent induction of ancestral developmental potential may facilitate the adaptive and parallel evolution of phenotypes.     

Glycoalkaloids in potato tubers grown under controlled environments

Tuber content of α-solanine, α-chaconine, and total glycoalkaloids (TGA) was determined for the potato cultivars, Norland, Russet Burbank, and Denali grown under different environmental conditions in growth chambers. The lowest TGA concentrations (0.30 to 0.35 mg g¹ dry tissue) were found in the cv. Norland with 400 μnol m^-2 s^-1 photosynthetic photon flux (PPF), 12 h day length, 16 C temperature, and 350 μmol mol^-1 carbon dioxide. The ratio of α-chaconine to α-solanine was close to 60:40 under all growing conditions, except that it was 50:50 under the low temperature of 12 C. Cultivars responded similarly to environmental conditions although TGA was about 20% greater in cv. Russet Burbank and about 30% greater in Denali compared to Norland. The largest changes in TGA occurred with changes in temperature. In comparison to 16 C, TGA were 40% greater at 12 C, 80% greater at 20 C, and 125% greater at 24 C (0.70 mgg ^-1 dry weight). The TGA concentratation increased from 10 to 25% with an increase in light from 400 to 800 μmol m^-2 s^-1 PPF for all three cultivars. TGA increased 20% with extension of the day length from 12 to 24 hr and also increased 20% when carbon dioxide was increased from 350 to 1000 umol mol^-1. TGA concentrations were not influenced by changes in relative humidity from 50 to 80%. TGA concentrations decreased only slightly in harvests made from 9 to 21 weeks after planting. Variations in TGA among the different growing conditions and cultivars were below 20 mg/100 g fresh weight (= 1.0 mg g^-1 dry weight) recognized as the upper concentration for food safety. However the results suggest that TGA should be considered when potatoes are grown at temperatures above 20 C.     

西藏高寒区禾-豆混播对牧草营养品质及土壤养分的影响

采用随机区组试验设计,以燕麦(Avena sativa)、箭筈豌豆(Vicia sativa)、饲用豌豆(Pisum arvense)为材料,于2019年在拉萨墨竹工卡具开展单播、禾-豆混播种植方式下牧草产量和品质的比较.通过分析种植后土壤养分的变化,在确保牧草生产性能的同时,探讨禾-豆混播的土壤改良作用.结果表明:(...