柘树属一新变种——金脉柘树

在泰山发现自然生长的全株叶片沿叶脉银白或金黄色的柘树,经嫁接和组织培养的子代植株或再生芽均保持原有形态特性,其为柘树属一新品种(变种)。     

不同覆盖处理对元宝枫叶生物活性物质含量的影响

以2年生元宝枫苗为试材,对其进行不同覆盖处理,测定叶内黄酮、绿原酸、叶绿素、SOD活性酶和丙二醛的含量,并进行方差分析和多重比较.结果表明:不同覆盖处理对元宝枫叶中生物活性物质含量的影响十分明显,黄酮含量在白膜覆盖下最高,绿原酸和叶绿素含量在绿膜覆盖下最高,SOD酶活性和丙二醛含量在红膜覆盖下最高,黄酮、叶绿素、丙二醛含量在不同覆盖处理下均以α=0.01水平上差异极显著,SOD酶活性和绿原酸含量以α=0.05水平上差异显著.     

Seasonal variations in photosynthesis of Picea morrisonicola growing in the subalpine region of subtropical Taiwan

From January 1999 to May 2001, we investigated seasonal variations in the photosynthetic capacity of Taiwan spruce (Picea morrisonicola Hay.) growing in the subalpine region of subtropical Taiwan (23 degrees 29' N, 120 degrees 53' E, 2600 m a.s.l.). Photosynthetic capacity (near light-saturated net photosynthetic rate, Pnsat, chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm) and soluble protein concentration of needles all increased from mid or late spring to early winter. Even when minimum air temperature of the measuring day dropped to near 0 degrees C, Pnsat remained at about 20% of the highest value observed in winter. There was a curvilinear relationship between Fv/Fm and the minimum or mean air temperature of the measuring day. The increase in Fv/Fm with temperature was slowed when the daily mean air temperature was above 7 degrees C, or the minimum air temperature was above 3 degrees C; however, when air temperatures dropped below these values, Fv/Fm varied sharply. Seasonal variations in Pnsat paralleled those in Fv/Fm and needle soluble protein concentration. In early or mid spring when air temperature and Fv/Fm increased, Pnsat and soluble protein concentration remained low. Multiple regression analysis showed that seasonal variations in Pnsat were affected by Fv/Fm, air temperature and needle soluble protein concentration, and the multiple regression equation could be used to estimate Pnsat in different seasons. We conclude that the decrease in photosynthetic capacity of Taiwan spruce in winter and its subsequent recovery in spring were mainly caused by photoinhibition and its reversal, and changes in needle soluble protein concentration. Another possible explanation for the delayed recovery of photosynthetic capacity in spring may be associated with the slow increase in needle soluble protein concentration.     

大青山冲积平原区农田防护林体系的构建及效益研究

在内蒙古大青山山前冲积平原区构建农田防护林体系,根据立地条件类型选择新疆杨、北京杨、合作杨、群众杨、白柳、旱柳、垂柳等适应性强、生长快的优良品种,采用了适当的抗旱造林技术措施。经测定得出:造林成活率为95%-99%、保存率为95%以上;从2000—2003年营造的农田防护林带均已进入速生期,林带的平均高为9.1 m,平均林带树冠高7.6 m,平均冠幅2.6 m×2.5 m;同时防护林带均发挥出了明显的防风、降温及增加湿度的生态功能。     

长山列岛猛禽的环志研究

长山列岛,为环太平洋西岸、东北亚、东亚等地区候鸟迁徙的必经之路,有候鸟319种,特别是猛禽的种类多数量大,有2目、4科41种和亚种。1984年,国家在这里建立“山东省长岛候鸟保护环志中心站”,开始了侯鸟的环志研究,到2005年累计环志候鸟128种,近17.7万多只,其中猛禽22种,近6万只,已在国内、国外回收环志猛禽169只。进行了部分猛禽迁徙生态生物学研究,初步掌握了猛禽在长山列岛的迁徙规律。     

中国森林生态系统碳平衡研究

森林生态系统是陆地生态系统的主体, 它不仅具有改善和维护区域生态环境的功能, 而且在全球碳平衡中起着巨大的作用, 充分发挥森林的固碳能力关系到能否降低大气CO₂浓度和抑制全球变暖趋势。文中就我国森林生态系统固碳功能和碳储量的研究进行了概括, 并对未来森林生态系统碳循环研究提出一些看法。     

泡桐丛枝病发生与叶片蛋白质和氨基酸变化关系的研究

本文分别对楸叶泡桐、兰考泡桐、鄂川泡桐和台湾泡桐的同品种，同方位和同高度的同一病株病叶、病健叶和健康株叶片的蛋白质进行了ＳＤＳ聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳及其水解产物进行了分析研究。结果表明，４种感病泡桐植株的叶片内都出现了一条健康植株叶片内没有的、分子量为１２ＫＤ的蛋白质谱带，并且同一病株病叶内该蛋白量较病健叶的量多。此外，楸叶泡桐和台湾泡桐病株病叶、病健叶和健株叶片蛋同的氨基酸组成也存在着明显差异，随叶     

Relationships between gas exchange adaptation of Sitka x interior spruce genotypes and ribosomal DNA markers

Adaptive physiological changes were investigated in seven populations of Sitka (Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.) x interior spruce (P. glauca (Moench) Voss x P. engelmannii Parry ex Engelm.) spanning the Nass-Skeena transition zone in British Columbia, Canada. Each population was represented by an Si rDNA index that was calculated from the relative optical densities on a gel autoradiogram of five ribosomal DNA bands characteristic of Sitka spruce and interior spruce. This index estimates the proportion of the genome contributed by interior spruce. Physiological adaptations were assessed by gas exchange parameters measured under both well-watered and drought conditions. Under well-watered conditions, Sitka spruce populations had higher maximal photosynthesis at saturating light and ambient CO(2), higher quantum yield at the light compensation point, and higher dark respiration than interior spruce populations. Sitka spruce populations also reached maximal photosynthesis at lower photosynthetically active radiation and higher CO(2) concentrations, and had higher stomatal densities that resulted in lower stomatal limitations to photosynthesis than interior spruce populations. In contrast, interior spruce populations exhibited greater drought tolerance than Sitka spruce populations. Their gas exchange rates declined at a slower rate in response to drought. They maintained higher gas exchange rates in response to moderate to severe drought (predawn plant water potentials = -1.5 MPa), and their photosynthetic rates recovered faster when they were rewatered after exposure to drought. Comparison of the seven populations indicated that physiological parameters were significantly related to the Si rDNA index. An increase in Si rDNA index was associated with proportional changes in physiological measurements, suggesting that genetic interchange among species with contrasting ecological adaptations can enhance the environmental adaptation of natural populations.     

铜壁关自然保护区盈江片区生物多样性评价

对铜壁关自然保护区盈江片区的生物多样性进行评价,结果认为,该保护区是我国纬度最北的热带雨林的一块宝地,生物多样性极为丰富,保护物种也非常丰富,生态保护价值和经济价值较高.目前保护区保护管理机构的层次和能力与保护对象不相协调,急待加强.藉此,对今后的自然保护工作提出了建议.     

植被恢复用植生卷材制造技术及其应用

综述以植物纤维为主要原料的复合植生卷材在边坡绿化中的应用优势, 介绍复合植生卷材的特点以及以无纺布或纸、农作物秸秆、木纤维为主要原料的不同复合植生卷材的制造技术及其特点, 概述复合植生卷材的国内外技术发展应用状况, 并提出复合植生卷材在植被恢复和边坡绿化等领域的应用前景及其在我国生态环境综合治理中低碳加工、循环利用的新思路。