非离子表面活性剂对反刍动物瘤胃发酵及生产性能的影响研究进展

综述了非离子表面活性剂对反刍动物瘤胃微生物数量、酶活性、瘤胃发酵特性、饲料消化率和生产性能等方面的影响作用以及与其他饲料添加剂的互作效应,并就其作用机制进行了阐述.     

阿月浑子中酚类物质提取方法与气相色谱-质谱分析

用不同的提取方法对阿月浑子叶酚类物质的定性分析进行了研究,通过比较确定用氢氧化钠水溶液提取阿月浑子叶中的酚类物质效果最佳,经硅烷化后用气质联仪进行定性分析,并与标准样品的气相色谱-质谱图对照,可得到阿月浑子叶中含儿茶素,没食子酸,香豆酸,邻苯二酚和邻苯三酚.     

华中黄棕壤和黄褐土粘粒胶膜的微量元素地球化学特征

The relationships between the basic properties and trace elementsin soil argillans and corresponding matrix soils were studied by sampling from the B horizons of 26 Alfisols in croplands of the subtropical area in Central China. The soil elements (K, Na, Ca, Mg, Mn, Co, Cu, Cr, Cd, Li, Mo, Ni, Pb, Ti, V, and Zn) were extracted by acid digestion and their contents were measured using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The mean contents of clay and organic matter in the argillans were approximately 1.1 and 1.3 times greater than those in the matrix soils, respectively. The pH values and the contents of P₂O₅ and bases (K₂O, Na₂O, CaO, and MgO) in the argillans were higher than those in the corresponding matrix soils. Cu, Cd, Ti, and V were enriched in the argillans. Correlation coefficients and factor analyses showed that Co, Cu, Li, and Zn were bound with phyllosilicates and manganese oxides (Mn-oxides) in the argillans. Cr and Pb were mainly associated with iron oxides (Fe-oxides), while Ni was bound with Mn-oxides. Cd, Ti, and V were chiefly associated with phyllosilicates, but Cr and Mo were rarely enriched in the argillans. In contrast, in the matrix soils, Co and Zn were associated with organic matter and Fe-oxides, Cr existed in phyllosilicates, and Mo was bound to Fe-oxides. Cd, Ti, and V were associated with organic matter. The results of this study suggest that clays, organic matter, and minerals in the argillans dominate the illuviation of trace elements in Alfisols. Argillans might be the active interfaces of elemental exchange and nutrient supply in cropland soils in Central China.     

南方暖湿地区河流生态环境需水量估算

以广东省鹤山市沙坪河生态环境需水为研究对象,从河流水资源规划、开发利用过程中涉及到的生态环境需水问题出发,提出了暖湿地区河流生态环境需水量计算的方法,并计算了各项生态环境需水的数量和比例。其中:基本生态环境需水量0.79 m3/s;水面蒸发需水量0.05 m2/s;输沙需水量0.70 m3/s;稀释净化污染物需水量1.10 m3/s;水土保持需水量1.00 m3/s。沙坪河生态环境需水总量3.64 m3/s,总生态环境需水量约占地表径流总量的38.6%,成果可用于水资源规划与开发利用。     

延边地区县域经济发展水平实证分析

依据2004年延边地区统计资料，选取了反映县域经济发展水平的12项指标，运用主成分分析法对延边地区8个县市的经济发展水平进行了综合评价，并提出了相关的对策和建议．     

断根处理和抑制蒸腾措施对银杏树体水分状况的影响

该文应用热脉冲技术、改良的冲洗法、CI-301测定系统和PSYPRO露点水势仪,对不同程度断根处理的银杏进行测定.结果表明:断根处理严重影响银杏树体水分状况的变化,土坨直径为胸径的12、10和8倍根处理的树干茎流通量与对照相比差异显著;断根处理后枝条栓塞程度增加且差异显著,叶片气孔导度、蒸腾速率与对照相比都降低且差异显著;土坨直径为胸径的12和10倍断根处理与对照相比叶片水势差异不显著,但8倍的断根处理与对照相比叶片水势差异显著.采取正交试验考察断根、剪叶和喷抗蒸腾剂对银杏枝条栓塞程度影响的主效应并筛选最佳组合,分析结果并结合实际应用情况综合考虑得知,银杏在生长季节移植中采取带10倍胸径土坨、剪去1/2叶片和喷稀释10倍的抗蒸腾剂等综合措施能够达到较理想的效果.     

HPLC法测定兔血清中盐酸沙拉沙星含量的研究

建立了ＨＰＬＣ（高效液相色谱）法测定兔血清中盐酸沙拉沙星的含量。固定相：色谱柱,ＨｙｐｅｒｓｉｌＣ１８柱,１０μｍ,Φ４．６＊２００ｍｍ。保护柱,ＨｙｐｅｒｓｉｌＣ１８柱,１０μｍ,Φ４．６＊３０ｍｍ。均由大连依利特科学仪器有限公司购进。流动相：０．０１％三氟乙酸－乙腈 －３％四丁基溴化铵（６０：２５：１５ｖ／ｖ／ｖ）流速：１．０ｍｌ／ｍｉｎ。保留时间３．２－３．８ｍｉｎ。灾光检测器检测波长：激发     

机械化播种不同坐水量对玉米出苗率的影响

坐水播种试验采用2BQMS-2型坐水免耕气吸播种施肥机进行的,该机一次作业完成开沟、施水、施肥、播种、覆土等多道工序,用鼠道暗式施水开沟器,暗灌水,水肥同施,上层覆盖干土,以减少水分散发。通过不同施水量对出苗率、长势及产量进行田间试验,测试数据经方差及多重分析,结果表明,在土壤含水率在8%时,45m3.hm-2坐水量对出苗率、长势及产量是最经济有效的方案,且节水效果显著。     

基于GIS技术的荔城平原区耕地土壤重金属污染程度及其风险评价

在空间插值基础上,利用Hakanson潜在生态风险指数法,研究了荔城平原耕地土壤重金属的污染程度及其潜在生态风险。结果表明,研究区8种重金属中汞污染指数最高,综合污染指数均值为0.897,处于警戒线水平,但总体上较清洁;在重金属潜在生态危害指数中,汞危害系数较高,达到47.496,处于中度危害水平,其余重金属元素的潜在危害系数为0.362~12.058,均处于轻度危害水平;综合潜在风险指数介于27.742~127.344,均值为68.129,处于轻度危害;并利用GIS软件绘制出污染风险评价分区图。     

玉米秸杆覆盖下小麦免耕播种机的试验研究

在分析小麦免耕播种机作业性能要求的基础上,研制在玉米秸杆覆盖下小麦免耕播种的结构特征、工作原理,以带状粉碎防堵装置为核心的免耕播种机,通过粉碎轴粉碎玉米秸杆和田间杂草,有效地解决了开沟器缠草堵草的问题。