小麦籽粒营养物质和次生物质含量与其对玉米象抗性的关系

为明确生产栽培小麦品种对玉米象Sitophilus zeamais(Motschulsky)的抗性机制,采用选择性和非选择性试验法系统评估了9个小麦品种对玉米象的抗性,并分析了小麦籽粒营养物质和次生物质含量与其抗性的关系。结果显示,不同小麦品种对玉米象的抗性存在显著差异,其中陕麦139和西农88的不选择性和抗生性较弱,小偃22、周麦16和周麦11较强;玉米象成虫对西农165选择性最强,虫口数为152.00头,而卵至子代成虫发育历期最长,为35.06 d,子代成虫数、重量损失率和敏感系数均较低,分别为19.67头、5.37%和8.30;对周麦18选择性最差,敏感性居中。玉米象成虫对不同小麦品种的选择性与各物质含量,以及总酚、蛋白质含量与各抗性指标均无显著相关性,但阿魏酸含量与子代成虫数、敏感系数及重量损失率显著负相关;可溶性糖含量与子代成虫数、敏感系数及重量损失率显著正相关,与卵至子代成虫发育历期显著负相关。表明小麦品种对玉米象的抗生性与其籽粒中阿魏酸和可溶性糖含量相关,阿魏酸含量越高、可溶性糖含量越低,小麦对玉米象的抗性越强。     

天然产物防治果蔬采后病害研究进展

果蔬采后病害的防治正朝着安全、环保的方向发展,各种生物防治方法成为研究的热点,天然产物用于控制果蔬采后病害的研究也受到了越来越多的关注。本文综述了风味化合物、精油、乙酸、茉莉酸类化合物、芥子油甙、蜂胶、植物提取物、壳聚糖、醋酸瓜类萎蔫醇等天然产物在果蔬采后病害防治中的研究、开发与应用,为未来的商业化开发提供新的思路。     

约旦野生大麦种质资源形态与产量性状分析

对引自约旦不同地区的4个野生大麦自然群体的40份材料农艺性状进行了研究。结果表明,约旦野生大麦材料群体间与群体内在株高、穗颈长、旗叶长、穗长、芒长和穗粒数等性状上均有显著差异,遗传多样性丰富;农艺性状的相关和通径分析表明,所引材料的有效分蘖和百粒质量与单株产量呈极显著正相关,对单株产量直接贡献效应较大;多元逐步回归分析得到单株产量的最佳回归方程:y=-0.058x1-0.111x2+0.429x3-0.529x4+0.439x8+3.732x10(R=0.984,P0.0001);其中百粒质量对单株产量的偏回归系数最大。     

马铃薯Y病毒CP基因RNAi载体构建与干涉效果测定

RNA沉默（RNAi）介导的植物抗病毒研究是近年来引起广泛关注的一项植物抗病毒基因工程策略。马铃薯Y病毒（PVY）在世界范围内引起马铃薯、烟草等重要经济作物的病害,并且造成严重的经济损失。本文以PVY的外壳蛋白（CP）基因为模板扩增300bp和354bp两个片段,正向和反向分别插入植物表达载体pROKⅡ的35S启动子下游,从而构建了以PVY的CP基因为靶标的RNAi植物表达载体pROKY300,转入农杆菌EHA105中,以农杆菌渗入法在本氏烟中瞬时表达与wyCP同源的hairpin RNA。结果表明,瞬时表达的hairpin RNA有效干涉了PVY侵染。     

Biodegradation of carbofuran by <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pichia anomala</Emphasis> strain HQ-C-01 and its application for bioremediation of contaminated soils

A novel yeast named HQ-C-01 was isolated from activated sludge and identified as Pichia anomala based on the morphology and 18S rDNA sequence analysis. The HQ-C-01 strain degraded 95.2% of carbofuran when the insecticide was used as the only C source and added at 50 mg/L in a mineral salts medium within 48 h. The optimal concentration, temperature, and pH of medium for degradation of carbofuran were 50 mg/L, 30°C, and pH 7.5, respectively. Strain HQ-C-01 could also effectively degrade other carbamate insecticides including carbaryl, indoxacarb, and fenobucarb, and the degradation rates were 99%, 85%, and 67%, respectively. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis showed that the strain metabolized carbofuran to produce benzofuranol as the intermediate metabolite, which was further degraded. Degradation of carbofuran added at 50 mg/kg of soil was higher in yeast-inoculated soil than in the control. These results indicated that strain HQ-C-01 may potentially be used in bioremediation of carbofuran-contaminated soil.     

扩展汉明码信息协调协议

提出了一种基于扩展汉明码与奇偶校验和的信息协调协议-扩展汉明码信息协调协议,分析了此协议的安全性与效率.与Winnow协议相比较,新协议具有原始密钥串初始误码率适用范围较大,迭代轮数较少和安全性高的优点.     

甘蓝型油菜高含油量隐性胞核雄性不育两型系的选育

采用复合回交方法,选育出甘蓝型油菜双低隐性核不育两型系。双低不育系121AB、123AB、175AB、932AB、933AB等表现高含油量、产量高等性状,品质优良。其中175AB、932AB、933AB含油量42．7％～44．0％,蛋白质含量24．2％～25．3％。组配的德油系列优质杂交油菜新组合在比较试验中均比对照种油研七号增产,增产率9．98％～27．34％,表现出较大的增产潜力。     

Evaluation of water holding capacity and breadmaking properties for frozen dough containing ice structuring proteins from winter wheat

The effects of ice structuring proteins (ISPs) from white wheat and storage conditions on the water holding capacity (WHC) and breadmaking properties of frozen dough were investigated. The WHC of frozen dough was measured by centrifugation and the breadmaking properties were assessed as proofing time and bread specific volume. It was found that the prolonged frozen storage and freeze–thaw cycles decreased the WHC and breadmaking properties of dough. ISPs were highly effective in increasing the WHC of frozen dough and improving the breadmaking properties. There was a strong correlation between WHC and breadmaking properties (proofing time and bread specific volume) of frozen dough.     

Rheofermentometer parameters and bread specific volume of frozen sweet dough influenced by ingredients and dough mixing temperature

Response surface methodology described the effects of salt, lactic acid, shortening, and exogenous trehalose and dough mixing temperature (DMT) and their interactions on the three rheological and fermentation parameters. These included maximum dough height (Hm), maximum height of gas release (Hm′) and CO₂ production, measured by the Rheofermentometer F3, and bread specific volume (Sp. Vol.) of frozen sweet dough. The models could estimate the four parameters with R² values of 0.76, 0.69, 0.93, and 0.59, respectively. Salt significantly influenced all four parameters in a negative way. DMT affected positively the Hm and Sp. Vol. of bread. Lactic acid affected Hm only, but its interactions with other variables influenced all four parameters. Shortening level affected Hm′ and CO₂ production positively and Sp. Vol. negatively. The added exogenous trehalose improved Hm, Hm′, and CO₂ production significantly, but not the Sp. Vol. of bread. Among the three Rheofermentometer parameters, Hm showed the highest correlation with Sp. Vol. (R² = 0.75). DMT for the maximum Hm and Sp. Vol. varied with the level of other ingredients. Trehalose alone could not overcome the challenges in a sweet frozen dough system to improve the Sp. Vol., and its combined effects with other ingredients will need to be evaluated to restore the impaired gas retention of the frozen sweet dough.     

苯酚-三聚氰胺-尿素-甲醛胶粘剂的合成及其应用

通过共缩聚的方法,制备了具有良好的耐水性能和胶合性能的苯酚-三聚氰胺-尿素-甲醛树脂。着重讨论了该树 脂的制备方法以及在压制室外型中密度纤维板中的应用情况。