满江红作为家禽益生元的可行性研究

用分别添加0．5％、1％与10％满江红的配合饲料喂1日龄AA肉鸡，21日龄、42日龄的体重0.5％、1％添加组显著高于10％添加组和对照组（P〈0．05）。0．5％、1％添加组鸡只粪便的双歧杆菌和乳酸茵的总数较对照组增多60％，而大肠杆菌数量则下降67％。不同浓度的满江红溶液，添加于培养基中，进行体外增茵和抑茵试验，满江红对双歧杆菌体外增殖和大肠杆菌体外抑制均有良好的效果。以上结果表明，满江红可以作为家禽益生元。     

黄芩抗鸡大肠杆菌作用的研究

通过体外和体内两种方法研究黄芩抗鸡大肠杆菌作用.通过体外抑菌作用测定黄芩水煎液对鸡大肠杆菌的最小抑菌浓度（MIC）为2.5g/ml;体内抑菌作用通过对7日龄雏鸡的攻毒与治疗试验来研究,体内治疗药物浓度5g/ml可使90%以上雏鸡获得保护,10g/ml可使100%雏鸡获得保护.以上说明黄芩可以对抗鸡大肠杆菌,可以防治鸡的大肠杆菌病.     

抗鸡传染性腺胃炎酶标抗体的制备和应用

在前期从患病鸡腺胃内分离到呼肠孤病毒的基础上，以该病毒为免疫原对兔进行免疫制备高免血清，分离纯化IgG，进行辣根过氧化物酶（HRP）标记，并用ELISA双抗体夹心法对山东省青岛、枣庄、泰安等地区采集的传染性腺胃炎的腺胃样品进行检测，结果表明制备的抗鸡传染性腺胃炎呼肠孤病毒的酶标抗体检测传染性腺胃炎特异性强、灵敏度高、较简便。     

银合欢对肉鸡临床毒性及减毒的研究

为研究银合欢对肉鸡的临床毒性和减毒作用,250只10日龄AA肉鸡随机分为五组,每组50只.在试验组的日粮中分别添加5%,10%,20%的银合欢进行试验,为期50天.通过对肉鸡生产性能,血液激素水平和粪中含羞草素含量的测定,结果显示适量添加银合欢可增加平均日增重,平均日采食量,减低饲料消耗率.银合欢的安全添加量应不超过饲料量的5%.     

鸡蛋消毒方法的对比研究

采用5种消毒方法对鸡蛋蛋壳表面细菌进行杀菌效果试验,结果表明,各处理组之间抑菌效果差异显著(P＜0.05),杀菌效果优劣依次为开水浸烫＞甲醛熏蒸＞过氧乙酸熏蒸＞高锰酸钾浸泡＞过氧乙酸浸泡,开水浸烫操作技术难度较大,容易引起蛋壳破裂,适宜实际生产的消毒方法为过氧乙酸熏蒸和甲醛熏蒸.将消毒处理后的鸡蛋在温度25℃,相对湿度60%～80%贮存20天,开水浸烫处理组鸡蛋仍保持较鲜的品质,其余各组鸡蛋品质较差.结果表明,常规消毒方法(除开水浸烫法)只能抑制蛋壳表面微生物的生长繁殖,不能延缓鸡蛋品质下降达到保鲜鸡蛋的作用.     

Can treatment of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Brachiaria decumbens</Emphasis> (signal grass) improve its utilisation in the diet in small ruminants?—a review

Brachiaria decumbens is an extremely productive tropical grass due to its aggressive growth habit and its adaptation to a varied range of soil types and environments. As a result of the vast availability, treated B. decumbens demonstrates as a promising local material that could be utilised as an improved diet for sheep and goats. Despite the fact that the grass significantly increases weight gains in grazing farm animals, there were many reports of general ill-thrift and sporadic outbreaks of photosensitivity in livestock due to the toxic compound of steroidal saponin found in B. decumbens. Ensiling and haymaking were found to be effective in removing toxin and undesirable compounds in the grass. Biological treatments using urea, activated charcoal, polyethylene glycol, and effective microorganisms were found to be useful in anti-nutritional factor deactivation and improving the nutritive values of feedstuffs. Besides, oral administration of phenobarbitone showed some degree of protection in sheep that fed on B. decumbens pasture. In this review, we aim to determine the effect of B. decumbens toxicity and possible treatment methods on the grass to be used as an improved diet for small ruminant.     

Risk factors associated with feline urolithiasis

Urinary tract diseases are among the main reasons for consultation in veterinary clinics and hospitals. It affects animals of any age, breed and gender. Among the diseases that affect this system, urolithiasis is the second largest cause of clinical signs compatible with feline urinary tract disease. The term urolithiasis refers to the presence of uroliths in any region of the urinary tract, but it is more commonly seen in the bladder and urethra. Uroliths are classified based on the type of mineral present in their composition, therefore, quantitative and qualitative analyzes are important for a better therapeutic approach. The animals may suffer from the disease and be asymptomatic, or show nonspecific clinical signs, making the diagnosis difficult. The disease should not be seen as a single problem, but as a consequence of various disorders. As dietary, metabolic, genetic and infectious causes, as well as factors that potentiate the chance of development of uroliths such as breed, age, sex, age range, obesity, sedentary lifestyle, geographic region and climate. Thus, the knowledge of the factors that influence the formation of uroliths, as well as the understanding of the pathophysiology, are key elements for better alternatives of therapy and prevention. The recognition of these factors helps to identify susceptible populations, minimizing exposure and increasing the protection factors, which facilitates the diagnosis and treatment of patients with urolithiasis. The objective of this paper is to present the main risk factors involved in the formation of urinary lithiasis in felines.     

Genomic characterization of the first oral avian papillomavirus in a colony of breeding canaries (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Serinus canaria</Emphasis>)

Papillomaviruses are non-enveloped, DNA viruses that infect skin and mucosa of a wide variety of vertebrates, causing neoplasias or simply persisting asymptomatically. Avian papillomaviruses, with six fully sequenced genomes, are the second most studied group after mammalian papillomaviruses. In this study, we describe the first oral avian papillomavirus, detected in the tongue of a dead Yorkshire canary (Serinus canaria) and in oral swabs of the same bird and other two live canaries from an aviary in Madrid, Spain. Its genome is 8,071 bp and presents the canonical papillomavirus architecture with six early (E6, E7, E1, E9, E2, E4) and two late open reading frames (L1 and L2) and a long control region between L1 and E6. This new avian papillomavirus L1 gene shares a 64% pairwise identity with FcPV1 L1, so it has been classified as a new species (ScPV1) within the Ethapapillomavirus genus. Although the canary died after showing breathing problems, there is no evidence that the papillomavirus caused those symptoms so it could be part of the oral microbiota of the birds. Hence, future investigations are needed to evaluate the clinical relevance of the virus.     

B-mode ultrasound examination of canine mammary gland neoplastic lesions of small size (diameter &lt; 2 cm)

Ultrasonography is a valuable tool for the evaluation of neoplastic lesions in the dog and there is a growing interest in the use of this technique for the stadiation of canine mammary tumours. An accurate assessment of small sized nodules facilitates the stadiation of the mammary lesions and helps the clinician in the choice of the most indicated surgical therapy. The aim of this study was to identify those ultrasound criteria that may be useful in discriminating between benign and malignant lesions of small size (diameter smaller than 2 cm). Sixty-two nodules, < 2 cm in larger diameter, belonging to thirty-five bitches presented between January 2012 and February 2014 were evaluated. Tumours were observed by conventional ultrasound and assessed for: shape (regular-irregular), limit (defined-ill-defined), margins (regular-irregular), echogenicity (hypoechoic-isoechoic-hyperecoic), echotexture (homogeneus-heterogeneus), presence of hyperecoic halo, distal acoustic enhancement or shadowing and surrounding tissue alterations. Among the alterations in surrounding tissues, the disruption of the glandular tissue and the increase in echogenicity of the peritumoral tissues were assessed. Thereafter, bitches were subjected to mastectomy and nodules were evaluated histologically. None of the ultasound criteria considered in the current study showed a statistically significant relation with malignancy, except for the presence of alterations in the tissue surrounding the nodules. According to our results, this characteristic may indicate malignancy, however its subjectivity may affect the applicability in clinical practice. In conclusions, conventional ultrasound in bitches had a limited ability in discriminating benign and malignant mammary gland neoplastic lesions of small size (diameter?<?2 cm).     

Knowledge,attitudes and practices towards <Emphasis Type="Italic">cystic echinococcosis</Emphasis> in livestock among selected pastoral and agro-pastoral communities in Uganda

A cross-sectional study was done from March 2013 to May 2014 to assess knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards cystic echinococcosis (CE) or hydatidosis among selected pastoral and agro-pastoral communities in Uganda. A structured questionnaire was administered to 381 respondents. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was done to find the relationship between knowledge about CE and factors such as age, sex, and level of education across all regions. The odds ratio and confidence interval were used to determine the difference in responses across regions. It was shown that age above 36 years was significantly (p < 0.001) associated with awareness about CE in livestock. Likewise, uneducated (p < 0.0001) and agro-pastoralists (p = 0.01) were significantly less knowledgeable than the educated and pastoralists across all regions. The overall knowledge towards CE in livestock was low 17.8% (95% CI = 14.0–21.6). Dog ownership was high and they never dewormed their freely roaming dogs. Dogs shared water with livestock. In conclusion, knowledge about CE in livestock was low across all regions. Therefore, public health education and formulation of policies towards its control by the relevant stakeholders should be done. Also, the true prevalence of CE in livestock needs to be done so that the magnitude and its public health significance are elucidated.