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41.
The techniques used to prepare bovine spermatozoa for in vitro fertilization, to enhance the percentage of motile sperm cells include the swim-up (SU) method, among others. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the phosphatidylserine (PS) translocation and plasma membrane integrity as the indicator of apoptosis and necrosis in post-thaw bull sperm after SU treatment using annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)/propidium iodide (PI) assay. A flow cytometric method was employed to measure apoptosis levels on frozen-thawed bull spermatozoa. The assay detects PS translocation across the plasma membrane using a fluorescein-labelled annexin-V and PI. By using the annexin V/PI assay four different subpopulations of sperm were observed: (i) a population of apoptotic sperm, labelled with annexin V-FITC but not with PI; (ii) a population of early necrotic spermatozoa, sperm labelled with annexin-FITC and PI; (iii) a population of necrotic sperm, labelled with PI but not with annexin-FITC; and (iv) a population of fully viable sperm cells, sperm not labelled with annexin V-FITC and without PI. Results clearly indicated that SU technique itself could have an adverse effect on the spermatozoa membrane stability. It has also been found, significant differences between bulls in the levels of apoptotic sperm, after SU treatment. 相似文献
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Moldowan JM Fago FJ Lee CY Jacobson SR Watt DS Slougui NE Jeganathan A Young DC 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1990,247(4940):309-312
Certain C(30)-steranes have been used for identifying sedimentary rocks and crude oils derived from organic matter deposited in marine environments. Analysis of a C(30)-sterane from Prudhoe Bay oil indicates that these C(30)-steranes are 24-n-propylcholestanes that apparently are derived from precursor sterols 24-n-propylidene-cholesterols and 24-n-propylcholesterol. These widely occurring sterols are biochemically synthesized in modern oceans by members of an order (Sarcinochrysidales) of chrysophyte algae. These data thus imply that C(30)-sterane biomarkers in sedimentary rocks and crude oils have a marine origin. Screening of a few organic-rich sedimentary rocks and oils from throughout the Phanerozoic suggests that these C(30)-steranes first appeared and, therefore, their source algae evolved between Early Ordovician and Devonian. 相似文献
48.
Kasischke KA Vishwasrao HD Fisher PJ Zipfel WR Webb WW 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,305(5680):99-103
We have found that two-photon fluorescence imaging of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) provides the sensitivity and spatial three-dimensional resolution to resolve metabolic signatures in processes of astrocytes and neurons deep in highly scattering brain tissue slices. This functional imaging reveals spatiotemporal partitioning of glycolytic and oxidative metabolism between astrocytes and neurons during focal neural activity that establishes a unifying hypothesis for neurometabolic coupling in which early oxidative metabolism in neurons is eventually sustained by late activation of the astrocyte-neuron lactate shuttle. Our model integrates existing views of brain energy metabolism and is in accord with known macroscopic physiological changes in vivo. 相似文献
49.
Microinjected c-myc as a competence factor 总被引:54,自引:0,他引:54
L Kaczmarek J K Hyland R Watt M Rosenberg R Baserga 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1985,228(4705):1313-1315
While a number of oncogenes are expressed in a cell cycle-dependent manner, their role in the control of cell proliferation can only be established by a direct functional assay. The c-myc protein, upon microinjection into nuclei of quiescent Swiss 3T3 cells, cooperated with platelet-poor plasma in the stimulation of cellular DNA synthesis. This suggests that c-myc protein, like platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), may act as a competence factor in the cell cycle to promote the progression of cells to S phase. The presence in the medium of an antibody against PDGF abolished DNA synthesis induced by microinjected PDGF; however, the microinjected c-myc protein stimulated DNA synthesis even when its own antibody was present in the medium. The c-myc protein may act as an intracellular competence factor, while PDGF expresses its biological activity only from outside the cells. 相似文献
50.
Plant breeding is not a discipline that readily comes to mind when agricultural sustainability is being considered. Sustainability
is normally associated with farming practices such as stubble retention, direct-drilling, or amelioration practices such as
contour farming or liming, or rotation practices for nutrient management and disease control. The contribution of plant breeding
will be in providing germplasm for these changed practices and devising new methods of selection. This paper reviews opportunities
where plant breeding can contribute to improvements in sustainable farming practices. The emphasis is on rainfed cropping
systems and cereal improvement. The main contribution for breeding is to (i) increase crop water and nutrient use so that
less escapes from the root profile; and (ii) preserve the soil resource with conservation farming systems by developing cultivars
specifically adapted to changed farming systems and competitive cultivars that reduce herbicide use. To achieve these outcomes
identification of desirable traits, suitable selection methods and development of appropriate germplasm are discussed. 相似文献