葡萄糖氧化酶基因转化玉米及其后代的抗病性研究

通过花粉管通道法将葡萄糖氧化酶基因(Glucose oxidase,GO)转入玉米自交系,并对转化后代进行了大斑病抗性鉴定。结果表明,授粉后15～20h为最佳外缘基因导入时间段,最适合的转化质粒DNA浓度为100μg·mL-1。转化获得卡那霉素抗性植株244株,PCR阳性植株13株,对转化的D0代PCR阳性植株的抗病性进行了大斑病抗性鉴定,部分转化植株的抗玉米大斑病能力有所提高,其中3株表现高抗。研究为探索大众化玉米转基因和培育抗病玉米自交系提供了新方法。     

Toxicological effects of gamma-irradiated sewage solids fed as seven percent of diet to sheep for four years

Breeding ewes in drylot were fed pelleted complete diets with 3% cottonseed meal (CSM) or 7% dried, gamma-irradiated sewage solids (DGSS) for 4 yr. Cytochrome P-450 (P-450) content and enzyme activities for xenobiotics biotransformations were assayed in livers after 2 yr and in livers, kidneys and ileal tissue after 4 yr. Dietary DGSS caused no increase in P-450 and few changes in activities of oxidative, hydrolative and conjugative biotransformational enzymes. Consumption of DGSS for 4 yr caused slight enlargement of spleens (1.1-fold, P less than .10) and ovaries (1.3-fold, P less than .10), but no change in size of livers, kidneys, hearts, adrenals and thyroids (P greater than .10), nor liver vitamin A levels (P greater than .10). Of 22 refractory lipophilic residues assayed in abdominal adipose tissue, few were detected and of those detected DGSS caused none to exceed normal levels. Dietary DGSS increased (P less than .01) Fe in livers 1.5-fold and in spleens 5.6-fold, and increased Cu in livers 1.3-fold (P less than .01) and in kidneys 1.2-fold (P less than .05). Dietary DGSS increased Cd levels in livers (P less than .01) but not in kidneys or spleens (P greater than .10); yet all Cd levels were within ranges for livestock fed conventional feed. Dietary DGSS caused no increase (P greater than .10) in levels of Ag, Ca, Cr, Hg, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, P, Pb or Zn in livers, kidneys or spleens. There were no histopathological lesions of toxicosis except mild hemosiderosis of spleens. Consumption of a diet with 7% DGSS throughout 4 yr caused no hazardous accumulation of toxic elements and little, if any, evidence of toxicosis.     

退化期的乳腺凋亡及其调节机理

在动物哺乳周期中,乳腺经历发育、分化和退化的循环过程。动物的妊娠期、哺乳期和退化期与乳腺细胞数量的变化有密切关系,乳腺细胞的数量变化决定了哺乳期间的产奶量,退化期的幸存细胞数量可能影响哺乳期的生产力。近来研究表明:乳腺退化期主要通过细胞凋亡途径减少细胞数量。本文对退化期的乳腺凋亡及其调节机理进行了综述。     

不同利用方式紫花苜蓿地土壤含水量和容重的比较研究

为了研究不同利用方式紫花苜蓿地土壤含水量和土壤容重的季节和剖面变化特征,试验采用样点定位、季节动态监测的方法,对苜蓿种子田和苜蓿生产田的土壤含水量和土壤容重进行了测定。结果表明:0~10 cm土层紫花苜蓿种子田和紫花苜蓿生产田土壤含水量总体表现为随着月份的增加呈现"W"型变化趋势,最大值均在7月下旬出现,分别为27.30%和23.79%;≥10~20 cm土层和≥20~30 cm土层土壤含水量各月份差异不大。0~10 cm土层苜蓿种子田和苜蓿生产田土壤容重随着月份的增加呈现先降低后增加之后又降低的趋势,总体表现为苜蓿种子田苜蓿生产田;≥10~20 cm和≥20~30 cm土层变化比较平稳。苜蓿种子田和苜蓿生产田土壤含水量和容重在垂直方向随着土层深度的增加表现出不同的变化规律。     

森林认证的发展及其对中国森林经营的影响

介绍森林认证的由来、目标、体系。阐述中国森林认证发展历程,分析森林认证在森林可持续经营,森林资源经营管理水平、科技含量、经济、社会和生态效益,生态环境保护,经营方案编制,经营活动监测,人工林经营和管理等方面的重要促进作用,藉此提出我国森林可持续经营建议。     

基于数值模拟的土壤水力参数对土壤水长程相关性的影响分析

为探究不同气候条件下土壤水力参数对土壤水长程相关性的影响,利用HYDRUS-1D模型,以湿润、半干旱和干旱气候区的气象数据为驱动,结合生成的砂土和黏壤土土壤水力参数集,模拟生成土壤水时间序列集;而后,利用去趋势波动分析法对生成的土壤水数据进行长程相关性分析.结果 表明:(1)土壤水标度指数(h)介于0.570～1.91...     

秸秆对盐碱土中玉米幼苗生理生化指标的影响

以大庆地区盐碱土为研究对象,通过在添加一定比例秸秆的盐碱土中种植玉米,探讨秸秆对盐碱土的改良效果。在盐碱土及添加秸秆的盐碱土中盆栽玉米,待三叶期时,测定玉米幼苗叶绿素、丙二醛含量、渗透调节物质以及抗氧化物酶活性的变化,阐明秸秆对盐碱土的改良效果。结果表明,盐碱土中添加秸秆后,玉米幼苗叶片可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白和丙二醛含量显著降低(P<0.05);叶绿素含量和过氧化氢酶活性的变化不显著(P>0.05)。盐碱土中添加秸秆后,玉米幼苗通过改变细胞膜脂过氧化作用和调节渗透调节物质含量来降低盐碱伤害。