田面微地形对滴灌灌水均匀性的影响

首先分析了田面微地形对滴头实际工作压力的影响,田面越不平整,滴头实际工作压力与设计工作压力的差值越大,当田面局部高差大于滴头设计工作压力时,滴头流量等于零;然后提出了田面微地形产生的流量偏差率公式,并用泰勒级数展开;最后利用描述统计方法和独立样本T-检验的方法对余项进行分析,置信度为99%的余项取值区间为0.001￣0.002,说明余项能够被忽略,田面微地形产生的流量偏差率公式可以用简单的形式来表示。     

不同密度杉木林内辐射与叶面积垂直分布对生长的影响

本文通过对八年生杉木人工林内太阳辐射与叶面积垂直分布的观测与研究,用计算机绘图与计算,得出以下结果:杉木叶面积的垂直分布和叶面积指数与密度有关,冠形因密度增加由圆锥形变为圆柱形,叶面积指数是先上升后下降。杉木林内辐射的消减随密度的增加而加剧,在冠层深3/4处趋于平缓,当郁闭度低于0.85时,林冠下辐射有回升。用累加叶面积指数分层计算林冠消光系数,可减少因叶片分布不均匀而产生的误差。用累计值计算辐射,可简化观测与计算。用辐射吸收率、叶面积指数、杉木个体生物量及年均生物增长量4个指标对杉木林生长作综合评价,八     

基于机器视觉的嫁接用苗外观特征自动检测

提出了基于数学模型的幼苗外观特征自动检测方法,检测项目包括生长状态、子叶参数和胚轴参数。首先经过图像预处理提取幼苗二值图,利用行像素统计图确定特征参数基准点位置。然后以标定胚轴最小矩形倾斜度和宽度判定弯曲状态;子叶跨度通过两子叶端点距离确定,子叶展开角通过两子叶底端平展位置拟合线夹角判定;胚轴弯曲度通过胚轴中心线上曲率最大的位置为分界点分别判断两段斜度而求得,胚轴长、轴径结合斜度补偿求得。与手工测量数据对比,轴长、轴径和子叶跨度的相关系数分别为0.935 1、0.899 9和0.903 4,相对误差分别小于7%、5%和7%,绝对误差分别小于4 mm、0.2 mm和6 mm。     

宁波市竹资源培育、利用及发展策略

对宁波市竹林资源情况、竹林培育及竹资源利用的现状进行了分析,阐明了宁波市竹产业开发过程中存在的一些问题,并以竹资源可持续发展为基础,就这些问题提出了相应的策略:实施并加快竹林基地建设;创新培育模式;发展、创新竹林培育与加工技术;完善政策。     

Ballistic 2-d imaging through scattering walls using an ultrafast optical kerr gate

An ultrafast optical shutter was used to image ultrasmall objects hidden behind scattering walls by a procedure that selects in time the ballistic component and rejects the scattered diffusive light. Scattering walls used in this experiment included human breast tissue, chicken breast tissue, and a water suspension of polystyrene particles with scattering coefficients up to 21.7. Submillimeter resolution was achieved for two-dimensional ballistic images of a single point, a double-point fluorescence source, and a bar test chart in or behind these different turbid media.     

2005-2020年转Bt基因棉花抗虫性变化及其与产量性状的相关性分析

为了给转Bt基因棉花在科研和生产上多世代可持续利用提供依据,以转Bt基因棉花品种银山8号为试验材料,从2005年开始,连续16年进行跟踪研究。结果表明,随种植世代的增加,生物测定银山8号第2～4代棉铃虫幼虫校正死亡率、铃期叶片和铃期小铃杀虫蛋白表达量均有不同程度的线性上升趋势,同时皮棉产量线性回归也呈增长趋势;苗期叶片、蕾期叶片和蕾期小蕾杀虫蛋白表达量呈线性下降趋势。相关性分析表明,抗虫棉的抗虫性与皮棉产量间均呈正相关,株铃数和衣分是构成皮棉产量的重要因子,与皮棉产量的相关性分别达到极显著和显著水平。外源Bt基因转入棉花后能稳定遗传给后代,通过卡那霉素鉴定和系统选择可以持续保持转Bt基因棉花多世代的抗虫性,甚至通过提纯复壮逐年优选,可实现转Bt基因抗虫棉特定生育时期或部分棉花器官抗虫性的提高。     

钛合金表面火焰喷焊镍基耐磨涂层的组织和性能

采用火焰喷焊技术在T i 6A l 4V合金基体上制备了镍基耐磨涂层,研究了其显微组织、合金元素的扩散、显微硬度和干摩擦磨损性能。结果表明,喷焊涂层具有韧基体加硬质相的耐磨组织;涂层横切面的组织、显微硬度和合金元素的扩散沿层深方向呈现连续性和渐变性,基体和涂层表现为冶金结合;喷焊表层的显微硬度为933.2 HV,是基体钛合金的3倍以上;涂层在不同条件下的磨损量都较小,耐磨性有较大的提高,转速和温度对其耐磨性能影响较大。     

三峡库区主要植被生物量与生产力分配特征

在调查104块样地的基础上,利用95株标准木的树干解析数据,选择主要生物量生长模型,对三峡库区主要植被生物量和生产力的分配规律进行研究.结果表明:1)在各树种生物量组成中,干材生物量最大,占总生物量的44.46%～63.07%,而皮、枝和根生物量比例间的大小关系因树种不同而有所差异;2)所有树种干生物量比例与枝和叶生物量比例存在显著的线性负相关,而枝和叶生物量之间存在明显的正相关,随着单株林木生物量增加,针叶树种干和皮生物量比例会随之增加,但枝、叶和根的生物量比例则有所下降;3)各林分生物量为75.38～191.82t·hm-2,乔木层(67.57～179.00 t·hm-2)>枯落物层(3.95～11.61 t·hm-2)>灌木层(2.40～8.35 t·hm-2),乔木层和枯落物层生物量低,有利于灌木层生物量的生长;4)各林分生产力为4.78～11.07 t·hm-2a-1,常绿阔叶林最高,柏木林最低,混交林的生产力高于纯林,其中针阔混交林的生产力又高于针叶混交林.     

Relationship between stable carbon isotope discrimination and water use efficiency under regulated deficit irrigation of pear-jujube tree

To investigate the relationship between stable carbon isotope discrimination (Δ) of different organs and water use efficiency (WUE) under different water deficit levels, severe, moderate and low water deficit levels were treated at bud burst to leafing, flowering to fruit set, fruit growth and fruit maturation stages of field grown pear-jujube tree, and leaf stable carbon isotope discrimination (Δ_L) at different growth stages and fruit stable carbon isotope discrimination (Δ_F) at fruit maturation stage were measured. The results indicated that water deficit had significant effect on Δ_L at different growth stages and Δ_F at fruit maturation stage. As compared with full irrigation, the average Δ_L at different growth stages and Δ_F at fruit maturation stage were decreased by 1.23% and 2.67% for different water deficit levels, respectively. Δ_L and Δ_F among different water deficit treatments had significant difference at the same growth stage (P < 0.05). Under different water deficit conditions, significant relationships between the Δ_L and WUE_i (photosynthesis rate/transpiration rate, P_n/T_r), WUE_n (photosynthesis rate/stomatal conductance of CO_2, P_n/g_s), WUE_y (yield/crop water consumption, Y/ET_c) and yield, or between the Δ_F and WUE_y and yield were found, respectively. There were significantly negative correlations of Δ_L with WUE_i, WUE_n, WUE_y and yield (P < 0.01) at the fruit maturation stage, or Δ_L with WUE_i and WUE_n (P < 0.01) over whole growth stage, respectively. Δ_F was negatively correlated with WUE_y, WUE_n and yield (P < 0.05), but positively correlated with ET_c (P < 0.01) over the whole growth stage. Thus Δ_L or Δ_F can compare WUE_n and WUE_y, so the stable carbon isotope discrimination method can be applied to evaluate the water use efficiency of pear-jujube tree under the regulated deficit irrigation.