PTGS/ RNAi的作用机制及其应用

论述了双链RNA对同源基因的表达进行特异性的封闭而引起的转录后的基因沉默（PTGS/ RNAi）现象, PTGS/ RNAi的作用机理，作用模型，参与这一过程的酶、基因、起始因子和作用因子，介绍了PTGS/ RNAi在基因组功能研究、基因的时空表达调控以及在作物改良等方面的应用。     

金钱草提取液化学组分的GC—MS分析及在卷烟加香中的应用

应用挥发油蒸馏器萃取金钱草提取液,采用气相色谱—质谱分析技术(GC-MS)分析了金钱草提取液的成分和相对含量。对金钱草提取液在卷烟中进行了添加试验,发现添加于烟草薄片中可以改善其口感,起到生津止渴的作用,以达到除杂、减刺和增香的目的,从而提高和改善薄片的品质和使用价值。     

林用架空索道导向滑车“h_2”值的确定

本文从理论上和实践上第一次论证了林用架空索道导向滑车的滑轮选择系数“h_2”为14,从而为导向滑车的设计和制造提供了新的可靠依据。     

Interactive effects of chlorimuron‐ethyl and copper(II) on their sorption and desorption on two typical Chinese soils

Concern about combined pollution of agricultural ecosystems by chlorimuron‐ethyl (CHL) and copper (Cu) has increased of late, particularly in northeastern China. Sorption and desorption of CHL and Cu on soils and their interactive effects strongly affect their mobility and bioavailability. Thus, the interaction between CHL and Cu(II) with regard to their sorption and desorption on brown earth (BE, luvisols) and black soils (BS, phaeozem), two typical soils in northeastern China, was investigated by using batch experiments. The results indicated that the presence of Cu(II) increased the sorption of CHL on the two soils, which can be attributed to decreased pH in the equilibrium solution and Cu‐bridging. The formation of a Cu‐CHL complex with stronger affinity to the soils than CHL itself may be another mechanism. Addition of Cu(II) also enhanced the hysteresis effect of CHL desorption from BS but decreased that from BE. CHL at small concentrations promoted Cu(II) slightly sorption on BE and BS by the bridging effect of CHL. In addition, CHL suppressed Cu(II) desorption from the two soils, decreasing the mobility and bioavailability of Cu(II).     

林木竞争对臭冷杉生物量分配的影响

用不同高度树干直径建立并比较臭冷杉各器官生物量方程,分析林木竞争对臭冷杉地上、地下生物量分配的影响。结果表明:臭冷杉不同高度树干直径中,胸径是预测各器官生物量的最可靠变量;利用不同高度树干直径建立各器官生物量方程均会高估小个体样木(直径≤10cm)的生物量,并且随着直径增大,预测误差也随之增大;臭冷杉地上生物量与地下生物量的比值(T/R)与树木年龄、单株生物量、整株生物量年均生长率及树高年均生长率间均没有显著相关性(P>0.05);随着竞争增强,臭冷杉树干生物量占单株生物量的比例逐渐减小,枝叶生物量比例逐渐增大,而粗根生物量比例则基本保持不变;胸径年均生长率、树高年均生长率及单株生物量年均生长率均随着竞争强度增大逐渐减小,而T/R值并不受林木竞争的影响。     

基于权重最优组合和多时相遥感的作物估产

多时相遥感数据比单一时相携带了更多的反映作物产量的信息,研究如何将多时相遥感信息进行有机融合以提高作物估产精度的方法是具有意义的。权重最优组合（WOC）是一种通过对单个模型权重的最优化,来构建高精度组合模型的原理方法。论文以黑龙江农垦友谊农场大麦产量遥感估算为例,首先利用大麦4个时相的Landsat5 TM影像分别构建单一时相的大麦产量模型,然后利用WOC的迭代算法,通过赋予4个单一时相产量模型以最优权重,生成基于多时相遥感的组合模型估算大麦产量,结果表明：基于WOC和多时相遥感的组合估产模型的决定系数R2与单一时相的相比得到较大改善,估算精度提高明显。同时,通过对WOC获取的各时相单一模型最优权重大小进行分析表明：应用多时相遥感数据进行作物估产时,权重大小能够反映各时相遥感数据所携带的产量信息的多少,这对于如何选择和确定能有效反映作物产量的敏感遥感时相具有一定的指导意义。     

Atmospheric SO2 Pollution and Acidity of Rain in Changchun China

It is mainly SO₂ that bring about acid rain in China. Changchun City, which is located in Northeast China, is a typical city that is polluted by SO₂ from coal combustion in winter. In winter, the daily mean concentration of atmospheric SO₂ is about 0.10mg/m³ and about 5 times as high as in summer, and the daily highest concentration usually appears in daybreak and nightfall. The monitored lowest pH value of rainwater was 4.8 in spring and the range of pH value of rain/snow was 5.2–6.0 in winter, 4.8–5.8 in spring, 5.4–6.4 in summer, 5.6–6.4 in autumn, and the annual mean pH value of rainfalls was 5.8 (1999–2000). Because the alkaline aerosol from soil, meteorological conditions etc., is unfavorable to acid rain formation, even though high SO₂ emission intensity existed in winter, the acid rain did not appear obviously. The aerosol character, climate conditions in Northeast China are important factors for the acid rain formation, although SO₂ emission is the original cause.     

黄河宁夏段水环境承载力的计算

水环境承载力是衡量河段能够容纳污水及污染物最大能力的重要指标.应用一维水质模型,计算黄河宁夏段水环境承载力,结果表明:以《地表水环境质量标准》(GB3838-2002)Ⅲ类水体标准计,黄河宁夏段化学需氧量(CODCr)的容量为562.0～716.0 t/d,氨氮(NH3-N)的容量为28.2～32.0 t/d.该计算结果为控制黄河宁夏段污染物排放总量提供了可靠依据.     

桃叶片中相关激素含量与树体矮化和生长的关系

 为探讨相关内源激素含量与桃树树体矮化和生长的相关性,以期为桃树优良短枝型品种的选育和高效矮化密植提供理论依据,以普通型桃-春艳、短枝型桃-超红短枝和极矮化型桃-寿星桃为试材,对其不同生长期叶片中生长素（IAA）、脱落酸(ABA)、细胞分裂素(CTK)、赤霉素(GA)的含量与树体矮化和生长的关系进行了研究。结果表明,桃叶片中IAA、GA、CTK、ABA含量以及GA/ABA、IAA/ABA、IAA+GA+CTK/ABA、CTK/GA的比值在不同类型间的差异均达到了极显著水平。IAA、GA的含量以及GA/ABA、IAA/ABA、IAA+GA+CTK/ABA的比值与树体矮化程度呈负相关;CTK的含量与树体矮化程度呈显著负相关;与促进生长的激素相反,ABA含量和CTK/GA比值与树体矮化程度呈显著正相关。     

宁南干旱山区的节水灌溉技术

宁夏南部干旱区农业产生最突出的矛盾是干旱缺水，近年，发展节水灌溉在宁南山区农业生产与经济建设中取得了一定成效，重点推广集雨节灌（滴灌，喷灌，膜上膜下点灌及窖，井下微灌），低压管灌等节水灌溉技术，对缓解干旱地区水资源供需矛盾发挥了重要作用。