白色金针菇工厂化生产技术与装备体系研究

白色金针菇工厂化生产使用规范化的硬件设施,采用标准化的生产流程和层层把关的有效管理,生产受农业环境影响小,确保了产品的产量和品质。白色金针菇工厂化生产流程为:菌种选育与培养基(料)优化(包括基料选配、搅拌、装袋合灭菌等)→规范化生产(包括接种、培养、搔菌、出菇蕾、驯养、生长及采收等环节)与病虫害综合防治技术→商品菇分级包装。     

Anatid herpesvirus 1 CH virulent strain induces syncytium and apoptosis in duck embryo fibroblast cultures

Anatid herpesvirus 1 (AHV-1) CH virulent strain was first isolated from an infected duck and it was found that this virus strain could induce cytopathic effect (CPE) in duck embryo fibroblast (DEF). Following AHV-1 infection, DEF showed morphological changes such as cell rounding, improved refractivity and detachment from the culture surface. However, its pathological characteristics were not adequately known. Related studies were performed and the results showed that syncytium formation could be observed as the other type of CPE in AHV-1 infection. Hematoxylin-eosin staining and 4’, 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining of infected DEF were each used to visualize the shape and distribution of chromatin within nuclei and nuclear fragmentation was observed. Chromatin condensation and margination, as well as formation of apoptotic bodies were observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). DNA ladder formation was detected in AHV-1 infected cells and apoptosis of the infected DEF was also detected by flow cytometry analysis of Annexin V-FITC/PI staining method. Therefore, it was suggested that AHV-1 virulent strain can induce syncytium and apoptosis in DEF. Syncytium formation and apoptosis observed in this study may contribute to the elucidation of AHV-1 pathogenesis.     

PEG介导的玉米弯孢叶斑病菌遗传转化

为了探索不同酶系组成对玉米弯孢叶斑病菌原生质体制备的影响,建立该病菌原生质体遗传转化系统,采用酶系混合物裂解菌丝体制备原生质体,采用PEG介导方法进行原生质遗传转化,通过PCR和Southern blotting技术对转化子进行验证。结果表明:1%溶壁酶+1%蜗牛酶+1%纤维素酶混合酶系为玉米弯孢叶斑病菌原生质体制备的最佳酶系,可以产生原生质体6.78×106 cfu/mL。用PEG介导方法转化共获得16个稳定的转化子,从中随机挑取5个转化子发现质粒pV2已被成功整合到基因组中。本研究获得了制备玉米弯孢叶斑病菌原生质体的最佳酶系,建立了PEG介导的原生质体遗传转化体系,为开展该菌致病相关基因克隆和基因功能研究提供了一种手段。     

N2O production in the organic and mineral horizons of soil had different responses to increasing temperature

Journal of Soils and Sediments - The responses of N2O emission to increasing temperature in different soil horizons are not clearly understood yet. Here, we investigated the effects of increasing...     

香菇原生质体工程菌株的构建研究——I.香菇原生质体的分离与再生行为

本研究通过电镜观察与酶解分析确定香菇(Lentinula edodes)菌丝细胞壁组成.并进行了双核菌丝原生质体的分离和培养.研究发现:酶解过程中,菌丝原生质体一般只从菌丝顶端等新生部位释放出来.合适的渗透剂、菌龄和酶解温度是原生质体得率的重要保证;原生质体再生菌丝过程是一个间歇性的依赖于原生质团涌动流向的过程,再生菌丝的形成经历了原生质体形成突起-哑铃状-分枝状等不同形态类型的再生阶段;再生菌丝体在形态上没有观察到锁状联合,栽培后未能结实,初步判断为单核菌株.     

Greenhouse gas emissions in response to straw incorporation,water management and their interaction in a paddy field in subtropical central China

A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of combination of straw incorporation and water management on fluxes of CH₄, N₂O and soil heterotrophic respiration (Rh) in a paddy field in subtropical central China by using a static opaque chamber/gas chromatography method. Four treatments were set up: two rice straw incorporation rates at 0 (S1) and 6 (S2) t ha^?1 combined with two water managements of intermittent irrigation (W1, with mid-season drainage) and continuous flooding (W2, without mid-season drainage). The cumulative seasonal CH₄ emissions for the treatments of S1W2, S2W1 and S2W2 increased significantly by 1.84, 5.47 and 6.63 times, respectively, while seasonal N₂O emissions decreased by 0.67, 0.29 and 1.21 times, respectively, as compared to S1W1 treatment. The significant increase in the cumulative Rh for the treatments S1W1, S2W1 and S2W2 were 0.54, 1.35 and 0.52 times, respectively, in comparison with S1W2. On a seasonal basis, both the CO₂-equivalents (CO₂e) and yield-scaled CO₂e (GHGI) of CH₄ and N₂O emissions increased with straw incorporation and continuous flooding, following the order: S2W2>S2W1>S1W2>S1W1. Thus, the practices of in season straw incorporation should be discouraged, while mid-season drainage is recommended in paddy rice production from a point view of reducing greenhouse gas emissions.     

火鹤花穿孔线虫的病原鉴定

从进境火鹤花根组织和椰糠介质分离的穿孔线虫群体 ,经形态观察和测计 ,结果表明该线虫为香蕉穿孔线虫。并就穿孔线虫属的分类鉴定作了简述。     

不同向日葵品种对黄萎病的抗性*

采用浸根接种法鉴定不同向日葵种质资源对黄萎病的抗性差异。结果表明：40份供试向日葵品种依据抗性划分标准共分为3类,其中中抗品种有5份如：‘118’、‘新葵杂5号’等;低抗品种有8份如‘767’、‘KJ003’等;其余27份供试材料均呈现感病;没有鉴定出免疫和高抗的向日葵品种。     

不同性别家蝇对药剂的敏感性比较

在室内用点滴法测定了杀虫剂高效氯氟氰菊酯、甲基嘧啶磷、虫螨腈和灭多威对家蝇雌雄成虫的毒力,并对毒力进行了比较。结果表明,高效氯氟氰菊酯、甲基嘧啶磷、虫螨腈和灭多威对雄性家蝇的毒力分别是雌性家蝇毒力的4．63、2．41、3．11、1．73倍。     

土壤中南方根结线虫的实时荧光PCR检测和定量

为了准确测定土壤中南方根结线虫Meloidogyne incognita的群体密度,根据序列特异性扩增区标记设计了南方根结线虫特异性引物和TaqMan探针,分别建立了卵和2龄幼虫的实时荧光PCR定量检测体系,并将该检测体系与显微镜计数法进行了比较.结果表明,引物Mi-F/R及探针Mi-probe对南方根结线虫具有高度特异性,建立的标准曲线循环阈值与卵和2龄幼虫数量的对数值之间具有良好的线性关系,相关系数分别为0.9771和0.9853,扩增效率均为90％,检测灵敏度为10-1个卵及10-3条2龄幼虫;对10个田间土壤样本的检测显示,实时荧光PCR定量检测与显微镜计数法测定的南方根结线虫卵和2龄幼虫数量呈显著正相关,且两种方法对2龄幼虫的测定结果无显著差异.