野百合及其变种百合的形态分类研究

对广东省内5个居群140个单株样品基部成熟叶的叶型性状分析结果表明,凡同时符合叶长／基宽距〈2．0以及叶长／叶宽〈5．0两个条件的样品为变种百合（Lilium brownii F．E．Brown ex Miellez vaur．virdulum Baker）,否则为原变种野百合（L．brownii F．E．Brown ex Miellez）。这一标准简单易操作,可作为野百合及百合形态分类的量化标准。     

茯苓液体培养条件研究及其营养浓缩液的相关检测

研究表明，液体培养条件下，茯苓经0～48h的适应期，48～144h的增殖期后进入稳定期，发酵液pH骤降。经检测，发酵液中含有包括十六烷酸和十八烷酸在内的有机酸；发酵罐培养120h，生物量≥30g/l00mL(鲜重)。茯苓营养浓缩液多糖含量≥5．0mg/mL，氨基酸含量≥480mg/100mL。动物实验证明，茯苓营养浓缩液具有显著的抗疲劳和提高机体免疫力作用，其重金属和微生物指标均符合国家标准。     

鸡马立克氏病肿瘤组织细胞端粒长度的测定

用马立克氏病病毒 ( MDV)京 -1株血毒对 SPF鸡攻毒 ,7周后扑杀 ,采取各内脏组织 ,一部分组织做病理切片 ,发现有肿瘤细胞浸润者即判定为阳性 ;另一部分组织用于端粒长度测定。以 DIG标记的探针( TTAGGG) 4,通过 Southern Blot方法测定细胞端粒长度 ,结果表明 ,阳性肾脏、肝脏、脾脏、神经、卵巢等组织细胞端粒长度较正常组织细胞的明显缩短     

A Multistate Investigation of Antibiotic‐Resistant Salmonella enterica Serotype I 4,[5],12:i:‐ Infections as Part of an International Outbreak Associated with Frozen Feeder Rodents

While most human Salmonella infections result from exposure to contaminated foods, an estimated 11% of all Salmonella infections are attributed to animal exposures, including both direct animal handling and indirect exposures such as cleaning cages and handling contaminated pet food. This report describes the epidemiologic, environmental and laboratory investigations conducted in the United States as part of the response to an international outbreak of tetracycline‐resistant Salmonella enterica serotype I 4,[5],12:i:‐ infections with over 500 illnesses occurring from 2008 to 2010. This investigation found that illness due to the outbreak strain was significantly associated with exposure to pet reptiles and frozen feeder rodents used as food for pet reptiles. Salmonella isolates indistinguishable from the outbreak strain were isolated from a frozen feeder mice‐fed reptile owned by a case patient, as well as from frozen feeder mice and environmental samples collected from a rodent producing facility (Company A). An international voluntary recall of all Company A produced frozen feeder animals sold between May 2009 and July 2010 occurred. Only 13% of cases in our investigation were aware of the association between Salmonella infection and mice or rats. Consumers, the pet industry, healthcare providers and veterinarians need to be aware of the potential health risk posed by feeder rodents, whether live or frozen. Frozen feeder rodent producers, suppliers and distributors should follow the animal food labelling requirements as described in 21 CFR §501.5, and all packages of frozen feeder rodents should include safe handling instructions. Persons should wash their hands thoroughly with soap and water after handling live or frozen feeder rodents, as well as reptiles or anything in the area where the animals live. Continued opportunities exist for public health officials, the pet industry, veterinarians and consumers to work together to prevent salmonellosis associated with pet food, pets and other animals.     

土壤速效磷浓度对白三叶构型及能量分配的影响

土壤速效磷浓度对白三叶地上部的垂直分布影响显著。结果表明,白三叶构件密度、分枝密度、分枝角度及总能量均与土壤速效磷浓度呈极显著正相关,节间长度则与之呈极显著负相关。叶片和匍匐茎的能量与土壤速效磷浓度呈正比。花序的能量则随着有效磷浓度的增加而减少。茎能量分配随着有效磷浓度的增加呈铃形曲线型变化。     

奶牛育种中关注的新性状

各国奶牛群体的选育目标建立之后,选育目标一直在不断发展,选择指数中性状的组成、定义和权重等都在不断变化。奶牛的选育是从关注产奶性能而开始,随后增加了体型外貌性状。由于奶牛的健康和繁殖问题的增加以及社会对动物福利的不断关注,20世纪末,世界范围内平衡育种理念在奶牛育种中逐渐形成,一些重要的功能性状加入各国的选择指数中;进入21世纪后,随着奶牛养殖业和社会的发展,育种家们开始关注和研究更多的性状,部分新性状已经开始在育种实践中选育应用。本文通过整理奶牛育种中有关新性状的研究并收集各国奶牛选育方案中的相关信息,综述了近十年奶业发达国家在奶牛遗传选育中正在研究或已经开始应用的新性状,并将这些新性状分为生产效率相关的新性状、应对环境挑战的新性状、健康福利相关的新性状、产品和加工相关的新性状及管理相关的新性状五大类,总结了这些性状的选育背景、定义方法、遗传基础和选育应用情况等,最后还总结了奶牛育种中新性状的研究应用过程,以期为我国奶牛遗传育种研究和育种目标完善提供一定的借鉴。     

紫花苜蓿人工草地施肥试验

在辽宁西部坡地上进行紫花苜蓿不同施肥处理试验,经过1年的研究结果表明,在苜蓿人工草地上无论是单一施用氮肥还是复合肥,均可有效地提高牧草产量并取得较为明显的经济效益,其中以每亩施用尿素15 kg和25 kg效果最好,效益最高,每亩可增经济效益分别是40.74元和40.63元。     

苜蓿自毒性的研究进展及其前景

从苜蓿自毒性的发现及概念入手 ,对苜蓿不同部分的自体毒素含量、不同土壤结构对自毒性的表现、不同的品种自体毒素含量的研究、自体毒素化合物对其它各类杂草或对作物的影响、苜蓿自毒性的可能物质基础、克服苜蓿自毒性的主要方法和途径等进行了论述。并展望未来可开展的研究领域以及我国开展相关研究的意义。     

磷矿周围环境镉污染情况调查研究

为掌握磷矿区周围镉污染情况,确保畜禽养殖生产安全,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法对矿区周围环境中的水源、土壤、饲草和畜禽体内的镉污染程度展开调查。结果：矿区环境中土壤、地表水镉含量均超标;畜禽中牛肾脏、牛肠、牛肺脏、羊脾脏、羊肌肉镉含量超标。结论：磷矿周围环境以及饲养的牲畜存在较严重的镉污染,从公共卫生学角度应给予高度关注。     

DNA Immunization Against Very Virulent Infectious Bursal Disease Virus with VP2‐4‐3 Gene and Chicken IL‐6 Gene

The present study was to investigate the feasibility and efficiency of the DNA vaccine to protect chickens against very virulent infectious bursal disease virus (vvIBDV) infection. A plasmid DNA carrying VP2‐4‐3 genes of vvIBDV SH95 and a plasmid DNA carrying chicken interleukin‐6 (ChIL‐6) genes were constructed and designated as pALTER‐MAX‐VP2‐4‐3 and pALTER‐MAX‐ChIL‐6 respectively. Several DNA vaccination experiments were performed: 1‐week‐old chickens were intramuscularly injected with only plasmid pcDNA3‐VP2, pALTER‐MAX‐VP2‐4‐3 or mixture with pALTER‐MAX‐ChIL‐6. The chickens at 4 weeks old were orally inoculated with vvIBDV SH95. The results showed that immunization with the mixture of pALTER‐MAX‐VP2‐4‐3 and pALTER‐MAX‐ChIL‐6 three times conferred protection for 90% of chickens. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) antibody titres in chickens immunized together with pALTER‐MAX‐ChIL‐6 were higher than those immunized simply with plasmid pcDNA3‐VP2 or pALTER‐MAX‐VP2‐4‐3. IBDV was not detected in the bursa of the protected chickens at 8 days after challenge by RT‐PCR. The results indicate that protection against vvIBDV can be achieved by using the VP2‐4‐3 gene of vvIBDV as a DNA vaccine. Furthermore, the simultaneous injection of ChIL‐6 plasmid significantly increased the protection after challenge with the very virulent strain.