Composition of Typical Soil Minerals and Quantitative Analysis for Influence of Iron and Manganese Forms on Purple Soil Color in Northeastern Sichuan,China

Eurasian Soil Science - Eight soil samples from the Jurassic Shaximiao Formation (J2s) in the Sichuan Basin, China, were taken as the research object to explore the correlation and quantitative...     

山西各类沙棘叶总黄酮的含量测定

目的：研究山西不同产地及不同采收期各类沙棘叶中总黄酮的含量,为评价与开发利用沙棘叶资源提供依据。方法：采用紫外分光光度法测定沙棘叶中的总黄酮含量。结果：5月-7月份沙棘叶中总黄酮含量相对较高;沁源和方山产区的沙棘叶中总黄酮含量较高。同时看到,普遍沙棘桔红果叶总黄酮含量高于橙黄果叶;沙棘雌株叶总黄酮含量高于雄株叶。结论：6月份沙棘叶中总黄酮含量最高,沁源和方山地区可能为山西沙棘叶的最佳产区。     

Physiological and related anthocyanin biosynthesis genes responses induced by cadmium stress in a new colored-leaf plant “Quanhong Poplar”

The worsening of Cadmium (Cd) pollution has intensified the urban ecological environment deterioration in the world. Purifying contaminated environment using the tall, colored-leaf woody plants has been proved as an aesthetically pleasing approach. However, the effects of Cd stress on colored-leaf woody plants have been little reported. Present hydroponic experiments were carried out to study the physiological and related anthocyanin biosynthesis genes responses to Cd stress in “Quanhong Poplar” plants. The experiments consisted of four Cd levels (0, 50, 100 and 150 μM). Leaves were sampled at 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 days after the first treatment for detection of related enzyme activities and genes expression. The results showed that the plants treated with 100 or 150 μM Cd presented obvious toxicity symptom, i.e. the inhibition of growth and the decrease of chlorophyll and anthocyanin contents. However, plants growth was enhanced and the synthesis of chlorophyll, anthocyanin were promoted when the plants were subject to 50 μM Cd stress. Furthermore, the activities of relative enzymes as well as their genes expression were induced, which indicated that low concentration of Cd induced the anthocyanin accumulation in “Quanhong Poplar” plants, which suggested that using “Quanhong Poplar” to purify contaminated environment would be an aesthetically pleasing approach, which would not only remediate contaminated environments but also bring landscape effects.     

热压工艺参数对三聚氰胺饰面刨花板甲醛释放量的影响

以市售刨花板和三聚氰胺浸渍纸为原料,制备三聚氰胺饰面刨花板.采用L9（34）正交试验考察热压温度、热压时间、热压压力3个热压工艺参数对三聚氰胺板甲醛释放量的影响.采用国家标准（GB/T 17657-1999）《人造板及饰面人造板理化性能试验方法》干燥器法检测甲醛的释放量.试验结果表明,热压温度对甲醛释放量影响最大、热压时间其次、热压压力影响最小,其中热压温度对甲醛释放量有显著影响,热压时间和热压压力的影响并不显著.热压工艺参数提高,会引起热压后的三聚氰胺板前期的甲醛释放量明显升高.确定饰面刨花板甲醛低释放的最优化生产工艺参数为热压温度170℃、热压时间40s、热压压力2.5 MPa.     

pib基因启动子3'端缺失体的暗诱导特性分析

采用pib基因启动子3＇端缺失,将最下游的TATAbox、CAATbox和暗诱导元件YTCANTYY一起敲除来研究这两类顺式作用元件在该启动子中的功能和相互关系。结果显示：TATAbox和CAATbox以及3＇端序列缺失都不能使pib启动子丧失其启动活性,依旧保持其根部高效表达的特异性。含2、4和6个黑暗诱导元件YTCANTYY的pib启动子均具有暗诱导启动活性,24h暗处理后的3个构建转基因水稻（Oryza sativa ssp.japonica）根部的GUS活性都显著增加,茎、叶虽有增加但不明显,这表明pib基因启动子的暗诱导启动活性主要由YTCANTYY暗诱导元件所决定的,它不仅能够独立响应暗诱导还能补偿TATA、CAAT所缺失的功能。     

贵州蓝莓泌蜜散粉规律及储蜜量研究

为了解贵州蓝莓泌蜜散粉规律,客观评估其储蜜量,对贵州省蓝莓主栽品种的花形、泌蜜量与浓度、花粉量与散粉规律、花量进行了系统研究。结果表明:(1)蓝莓平均花冠长度为9.83 mm,平均花冠口直径为3.56 mm,不同品种之间差异显著;(2)蓝莓花开的第1?2d泌蜜总量显著高于第3天,泌蜜高峰出现在上午10:00为33.02+L,之后随着气温升高而降低。花蜜糖浓度随时间延迟而逐渐升高,最高值出现在下午16:00达48%;(3)晴朗天气,设施大棚内外的蓝莓泌蜜量与花蜜浓度无显著差异,但棚内更趋于稳定,棚外波动较大;(4)蓝莓储蜜量大,平均每公顷蓝莓园储蜜4469 L,但受传粉昆虫数量、授粉时间与质量、果园管理及气候等因素影响较大,生产上引蜂授粉采蜜,应综合考虑树龄、传粉昆虫数量、气候等因素。     

Responses of microbial biomass and respiration of soil to topography,burning, and nitrogen fertilization in a temperate steppe

Temporal dynamics of microbial biomass and respiration of soil and their responses to topography, burning, N fertilization, and their interactions were determined in a temperate steppe in northern China. Soil microbial indices showed strong temporal variability over the growing season. Soil microbial biomass C (MBC) and N (MBN) were 14.8 and 11.5% greater in the lower than upper slope, respectively. However, the percentage of organic C present as MBC and the percentage of total N present as MBN were 16.9 and 26.2% higher in the upper than lower slope, respectively. Neither microbial respiration (MR) nor metabolic quotient (qCO₂) was affected by topography. Both MBC and MBN were increased by burning, on average, by 29.8 and 14.2% over the growing season, and MR and qCO₂ tended to reduce depending on the sampling date, especially in August. Burning stimulated the percentage of organic C present as MBC and the percentage of total N present as MBN in the upper slope, but did not change these two parameters in the lower slope. No effects of N fertilization on soil microbial indices were observed in the first growing season after the treatment. Further research is needed to study the long-term relationships between changes in soil microbial diversity and activity and plant community in response to burning and N fertilization.     

栖霞市苹果园氮磷养分平衡及环境风险评价

栖霞市是中国最主要的苹果产区之一,近年来果园单位面积养分的大量投入造成了区域氮、磷元素的过量富集,进而对当地的土壤、水资源、大气等环境要素造成一定的污染。因此,了解苹果主产区施肥现状,并科学评价其环境风险具有重要的现实意义。以栖霞市为研究区域,通过实地调研、田间试验、室内模拟等方法,分析了苹果园氮磷养分的输入量及输出量,进而构建养分平衡模型,对区域环境风险进行了综合评价。研究结果表明:1)2018年栖霞市苹果园养分投入量为:有机质5360.28 kg/hm^2,N 545 kg/hm^2,P2O5568.76 kg/hm^2,K2O 712.57 kg/hm^2;2)氮素的气态损失、果实及枝条带走量各占输入总量的6.49%、24.34%、3.12%,盈余率达66.04%(402.97 kg/hm^2);磷素被果实和枝条带走量分别占输入总量的12.33%和2.55%,盈余率达85.12%(484.75 kg/hm^2);栖霞市氮、磷盈余量均超出环境安全的阈值,分别属于中风险和高风险范围。因此,在保证果园产量与品质的前提下,适当减少化肥使用量、逐步建立水肥一体化的果园施肥模式、提升果农科学的管理经验,应成为果园可持续发展的主攻方向。     

不同类型茶园捕食性天敌群落相似性研究

采用群落种组成相似性分析、群落组成相似性分析和群落特征相似性分析3种方法,研究了祁红产区等高茶园、平地茶园和坡地茶园3种茶园类型及春茶、夏茶和秋茶3个生育期捕食性天敌群落的相似性。结果表明,群落种组成相似性平均水平的排序为不同类型茶园相同生育期>不同类型茶园不同生育期>同一类型茶园不同生育期>同一类型茶园相邻生育期。坡地茶园秋茶、平地茶园夏茶和秋茶以及等高茶园秋茶的群落组成最为相似;而平地茶园和坡地茶园春茶次之。等高茶园和平地茶园春茶的群落特征最相似,其次为3种类型茶园秋茶及平地茶园夏茶。     

麦套花生优化施肥研究

采用三因素二次饱和Ｄ—最优设计,建立了麦套花生Ｎ、Ｐ、Ｋ施肥与花生产量间的数学模型。由模型可得：（１）Ｎ、Ｐ、Ｋ三种肥料对麦套花生产量作用显著,且互作间存在较大的交互效应,因此,Ｎ、Ｐ、Ｋ需配合使用。（２）公顷产量４５００～５２５０ｋｇ的优化施肥方案为：每公顷施Ｎ１０９．５～１４７ｋｇ,Ｐ２Ｏ５１３３．５～１８６ｋｇ,Ｋ２Ｏ２４３～３４８ｋｇ;最优组合为：每公顷施Ｎ１３９．６ｋｇ,Ｐ２Ｏ５１７４．３ｋｇ和Ｋ２Ｏ３２３．３ｋｇ,最高产量可达５２６０ｋｇ／ｈｍ２。