Preliminary Trial: Motility Comparisons of a Unique Freezing Technology (UFT) to Liquid Nitrogen Mist Methodology for Cryopreservation of Porcine Spermatozoa

The motility outcomes of boar semen frozen with newly developed freezing techniques using a new unique freezing technology (UFT) compared with traditional liquid nitrogen methodology were investigated with the intent of improving current fertility outcomes using semen. The UFT is an electronically controlled cooling chamber that houses an organic fluid bath that can be maintained at temperatures below 0 degrees C without solidifying to freeze samples. Four ejaculates from four different boars were collected for this trial. Samples were handled consistently during the pre- and post-freeze processing. From each ejaculate, samples were separated into eight cryopreservation treatment groups, six UFT variations and two control liquid nitrogen groups, immediately before freezing, in replicates of two. After the initial cryopreservation was complete, all samples were stored in liquid nitrogen for at least 48 h. Post-thaw motilities and original motility return percentages were assessed on a random, individual-sample basis. After the initial evaluations, samples from two boars were recollected and frozen using the UFT for breeding purposes. Four sows were bred with the UFT frozen semen to confirm fertility capability. When assessing the individual UFT techniques, all of six UFT techniques had improved post-thaw motilities. However, treatments F (micro = 29%, return micro = 37%) and J (micro = 27%, return micro = 34%) showed the highest statistical improvement for post-thaw (p < 0.05) and original motility percent returns (p < 0.05) when compared with either the control cryo-tube (micro = 15%, return micro = 19%) or straw groups (micro = 12%, return micro = 16%). The UFT semen had a 50% conception rate, with an average of seven piglets from the sows that farrowed. Our preliminary data suggest a higher motility return with a slower pre-freeze phase below the freezing point before the acceleration to liquid nitrogen temperatures. The preliminary data suggest that the UFT could be utilized as a potential cryopreservation option for boar semen.     

Number of Follicular Waves and Their Effect on Pregnancy Rate in the Cow

In the study, the relationship of follicular growth waves, oestradiol and pregnancy rates were investigated during oestrus cycle in cows. A total of 22, Brown Swiss cows (3-5 years old) were used for the study. The ovaries of animals were examined from sixth day of cycle to next oestrus by ultrasound. The follicles that were present in the ovarium were recorded. Follicular growth was observed every day by means of ultrasound examination. The blood samples were taken for analysis of oestradiol simultaneously with ultrasound examinations. The oestrus animals were inseminated. Each animal that inseminated was examined by ultrasound on day 28 after insemination for pregnancy diagnosis. Two follicular growth waves were observed in nine of 22 (40.9%), three waves in 13 of 22 (59.1%) animals. The oestradiol was found in the same concentration but in different release patterns between two and three waves animals. Pregnancy rate in cows with three and two follicular waves did not differ. In conclusion, emergence of three waves of follicular growth was higher in Brown Swiss cows, the analysis of oestradiol could be used for determination of the wave numbers and the animals with different waves may have had the same pregnancy rates.     

适宜观光采摘的薄皮甜瓜新品种筛选

摘要：为了更好地在西甜瓜特色产区北京市示范与推广优质、抗病、适合都市农业观光采摘的薄皮甜瓜新品种,带动西甜瓜品种更新换代,提高北京西甜瓜产业比较效益与竞争力,开展了彩虹5号、花宝、齐甜十里香、盛世精爽、糖金花跃5个适合北京地区观光采摘的薄皮甜瓜品种比较研究,测定了各品种植株长势、果实纵径、横径、果形指数、果肉厚度、可溶性固形物含量、外观、口感、香味以及产量等指标。结果表明：盛世精爽果肉厚度2.50 cm,中心和边缘可溶性固形物含量13.57%、10.80%,糖度梯度小,口感软糯,单瓜质量0.62 kg,折合667 m2产量为3 584.84 kg;糖金花跃次之,果肉厚度2.53 cm,中心和边缘可溶性固形物含量分别为13.67%、8.53%,具有芳香味,单瓜质量0.70 kg,折合667 m2产量为3 469.20 kg。二者综合表现较好,可作为特色观光采摘品种进行推广种植。     

鸡公山自然保护区森林植被生物量及活碳蓄积量研究

运用鸡公山科学考察资料及1999年森林资源清查资料,采用森林材积源生物量推算方法研究了鸡公山森林植被生物量及其活碳蓄积量。结果表明:鸡公山森林植被生物量总值为309 202t,平均森林植被生物量为111.7t／hm2,高于全国平均水平(77.4t／hm2);鸡公山森林植被的总活碳蓄积量为154 601t,平均活碳密度为56MgC／hm2,高于中国森林植被活碳密度的平均水平(38.7 MgC／hm2),但低于全球平均碳密度(86MgC／hm2)。不同林型活碳蓄积密度分析结果表明,马尾松、杉木和栎类林木的活碳蓄积密度分别为30MgC／hm2,39 MgC／hm2和70MgC／hm2,均高于全国同类型森林植物的活碳蓄积密度的平均值,而次生阔叶混交林的碳蓄积密度略低于全国平均水平。鸡公山自然保护区67％的森林为中龄林,27％的森林为幼龄林,在增加碳蓄积方面还有巨大的潜力。     

提高普通高校乒乓球专项课教学质量的体会与探索

根据乒乓球专项课的教学目的与任务以及多年的乒乓球训练与教学体会,提出了因材施教,分层次教学;发挥大学生智力优势促进教学;加强乒乓球基本动作和全面技术的练习与教学;加强乒乓球的教学比赛;加强乒乓球意识的培养以及加强课下练习和辅导的教学理念。使学生通过一年或两年的学习,掌握乒乓球基本技术,学会基本战术,了解乒乓球的理论知识以及比赛规则;调节身心,锻炼身体,培养学生对乒乓球运动的兴趣,为终身体育服务。     

不同作物种植模式对新垦农田土壤微生物群落功能多样性的影响

利用Biolog-ECO技术对新垦农田不同作物种植模式下土壤微生物群落功能多样性进行了研究。结果表明:不同作物种植模式对新垦农田土壤微生物群落功能多样性均有很大影响。与6年连作小麦相比较,头3年连种大蒜再轮作小麦的土壤微生物对全部碳源的利用能力最强,生理代谢活性最高,在0~144h内其平均颜色变化率(AWCD)变化最显著,土壤微生物群落优势度、多样性指数及均匀度也相对较高,说明该种作物种植模式对土壤微生物群落结构和功能多样性影响最大,可有效改善土壤贫瘠状况。     

鸡公山自然保护区森林生态系统服务功能及其价值初步研究

从生态系统服务功能的概念入手,根据调查和研究,采用替代工程、市场价值等方法,从2个方面评价了鸡公山自然保护区森林生态系统服务功能的价值.结果表明,面积3000hm2的鸡公山自然保护区森林生态系统的生态服务功能价值70548.6万元·a-1,其中涵养水源价值8593.9万元·a-1,净化水质价值1265.3万元·a-1,保持土壤价值57754.1万元·a-1,固碳制氧价值2114.2万元·a-1,净化环境价值(吸收SO2量)26.1万元·a-1,游憩价值550万元·a-1,林产品价值245万元·a-1.     

Modeling the Exchanges of Energy, Water, and Carbon Between Continents and the Atmosphere

Atmospheric general circulation models used for climate simulation and weather forecasting require the fluxes of radiation, heat, water vapor, and momentum across the land-atmosphere interface to be specified. These fluxes are calculated by submodels called land surface parameterizations. Over the last 20 years, these parameterizations have evolved from simple, unrealistic schemes into credible representations of the global soil-vegetation-atmosphere transfer system as advances in plant physiological and hydrological research, advances in satellite data interpretation, and the results of large-scale field experiments have been exploited. Some modern schemes incorporate biogeochemical and ecological knowledge and, when coupled with advanced climate and ocean models, will be capable of modeling the biological and physical responses of the Earth system to global change, for example, increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide.     

The persistence of foot-and-mouth disease virus on wool

SUMMARY Five Suffolk sheep, held in a high-security isolation room, were exposed for 2 hours to the aerosol of 3 mature pigs that had been infected with foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), strain O₁-BFS. The fleeces of 3 of the sheep were contaminated with FMDV at 2 days post exposure (dpe), while at 5 dpe the fleeces of all 5 sheep were more extensively, and more heavily, contaminated. The persistence of FMDV on contaminated wool was examined in vitro using multiple 0.5 g samples of Merino wool that were each contaminated with one of 3 strains of FMDV in tissue-culture medium: O₁-BFS, O-Morocco (O-MOR 9/91) or an Asia 1 strain (TAI 1/90). Wool samples were held at either 4°C, 18°C or 37°C, and decay curves were established for each virus at each temperature. These curves predicted that O₁-BFS, O-MOR 9/91 and TAI 1/90 would fall below detect-able levels at 72, 70 and 48 days post contamination (pc), respectively, for wool stored at 4°C; at 11, 12 and 12 days pc, respectively, for wool stored at 18°C; and at 57, 68 and 33 hours pc, respectively, for wool stored at 37°C. For wool contaminated with O₁-BFS-infected sheep faeces, urine or blood, or with O₁-BFS-infected cattle saliva, decay curves predicted virus to persist for 5 to 11 days pc at 18°C. We demonstrated that the simulated scouring of FMDV-contaminated wool at 60° to 70°C would usually reduce virus to below detectable levels. The detergent component of the scouring process had little, if any, antiviral activity, and scouring at 20°C or 50°C had limited impact on FMDV titres . We recommend that either (1) simple storage of FMDV-contaminated wool for 4 weeks at temperatures of 18°C or higher, or (2) scouring of contaminated wool at 60° to 70°C would be sufficient to remove the threat of FMDV-contaminated wool being infectious to other animals .