二维色谱分析技术及其在烟草行业中的应用

二维色谱峰容量高,且有着强劲的分离与分辨能力,使得二维色谱在分析复杂组分时极具优势。概述了3种不同的二维色谱分析技术(气相-气相二维色谱、液相-液相二维色谱、液相-气相二维色谱)的原理以及其他相关内容,分类介绍了每种二维色谱,并简述了二维色谱在烟草行业中的应用,最后对二维色谱的发展趋势及其在烟草行业中的应用做了展望。     

Hyperspectral Models for Estimating SPAD Value of Cotton Leaves under Waterlogging Stress

[Object] To setup the hyperspectral sensing models for estimating SPAD value of cotton leaves under waterlogging stress. [Method] Irrigation and drainage controllable plots were introduced to simulate the waterlogging stress treatment in the flowering and boll forming stage, during which the change characteristics of the cotton leaf spectral reflectance and SPAD value were observed after 1 d, 3 d, 6 d, 9 d waterlogging, respectively. To find out the hyperspectral sensing models for estimating SPAD value of cotton leaves under waterlogging stress, the correlation and regression relationships between SPAD value and spectrum parameters were analyzed. [Result] (1) The SPAD value of the fourth cotton leaf from the top was significantly lower than control when suffers from waterlogging for 3 d, when waterlogged 9 d the SPAD value decreased by around 15% compared with the control. (2) The cotton suffering from waterlogged damage in the flowering and boll forming stage caused the reflection peak in green light wave band became steep, while the near infrared spectral reflectance increased, and caused the reduction of red absorption and red edge position "blue shifts", the red edge position drifts towards short wave with 4～5 nm when suffers from waterlogging for 9 d. With increase of the waterlogged days, the red edge slope and red edge area increased with a maximum value at 6 d of waterlogging, meanwhile, the skewness and kurtosis of red edge increased. (3) After waterlogging, the SPAD value of the fourth cotton leaf from the top (chlorophyll content) had a remarkable correlation with red edge slope(Dr), red edge position(λr), green peak reflection(Rg), green peak position(λg), red well position(λo), blue edge area(SDb), yellow edge skewness(Sy), yellow edge kurtosis(Ky), red edge skewness(Sr), red edge kurtosis(Kr), etc. An experience linear, polynomial and exponential models for estimating SPAD value had been built through using the Sy, Sr, Kr as independent variables, respectively, their determination coefficient (R²) were greater than 0.9, and the root mean square error (RMSE) were less than 1; and an experience binary linear regression equation for estimating SPAD value had been built through multivariate regression using the λg, SDr/SDb(VI3), Sb, Sy, Ky as independent variables, the R² was as high as 0.973, and the RMSE was 0.393. [Conclusion] The model can be remote sensing model used as estimating leaf SPAD of cotton value under waterlogging stress.     

基于贡献度随机森林模型的公司债信用风险实证分析

运用贡献度随机森林方法（CRF）方法探讨公司债财务指标比率与其违约率的关系.运用连续属性离散化方法（OB）进行财务指标最优降维；运用WOE变换进行模型变量约简.研究表明，CRF模型的分类性能显著优于其他模型，测试集评估总体正确率达90.47%，AUC统计量、AR比率及K-S值分别提升了2.6%、7.6%、4.38%，变量贡献度量化了各财务指标对违约率影响，为诠释随机森林预测机制提供了依据.     

《工程索道》国家级精品课程建设

简介福建农林大学《工程索道》课程历史沿革,重点阐述《工程索道》在建设成为国家级精品课程中取得的成果。福建农林大学《工程索道》课程具有完整的理论与实践教学体系、丰硕的自主创新成果、独具特色与创新的实验室建设、丰富新颖的网络教学资源、显著的工程应用和示范辐射作用等。     

离子阱液质联用仪应用于植物叶片游离氨基酸快速分析方法的建立

建立一种液相色谱-离子阱串联质谱(LC-MS-MS)同时分析植物组织中23种游离氨基酸的方法。植物样品经盐酸-乙醇法一步提取后直接进样,无需进行衍生和固相萃取等其他前处理步骤。液相色谱采用Intertsil OSD-4C18(250mm×3.0mm)色谱柱,采用甲醇-甲酸体系进行洗脱,对23种氨基酸获得比较理想的分离效果。结果表明,该方法通用性良好、样品制备简单(一步提取,无需衍生)、灵敏度高、检出范围宽、高效快速,可以在30min内完成整个分析过程。     

溶剂抽提对柚木材色及光诱导变色的影响

【目的】柚木在阳光照射下由浅棕色转变成金黄色从而变得更加珍贵,对柚木光变色机理的研究可以增加柚木的商品价值,也是建立木材材色调控技术方法的基础,本文旨在探讨溶剂抽提对柚木光变色的影响。【方法】采用溶剂水、乙醇、乙酸乙酯、氯仿、苯、石油醚、苯-乙醇混合物(1:1、2:1、4:1、9:1)对柚木试样进行抽提,探究溶剂极性对柚木试样的色差的影响,然后再对抽提完的试样进行氙光光照处理,通过色差的分析探究不同溶剂抽提对柚木光诱导变色的影响。【结果】1)混合溶剂苯-乙醇抽提后抽提物溶液的颜色最深,极性溶剂抽提出的显色物质含量较多。2)柚木试样经抽提后可以增加柚木的明度色品指数L^*,尤其是2:1的混合溶剂苯-乙醇抽提后L^*增大最为显著,抽提的更完全。3)光照苯-乙醇抽提后的柚木试样,其红绿色品指数a^*增加较少,说明苯-乙醇抽提物是主要柚木试样呈现红色的物质基础。4)苯-乙醇抽提后b^*值减小较多抽提试样光照后b^*值反而增加较多,这表明苯-乙醇抽提掉的物质有可能就是木质素,木质素部分被苯-乙醇混合溶剂抽提出来,抽提后光照作用下木质素更容易降解呈现出更多的黄色。【结论】溶剂抽提处理和光照处理,对柚木材色都有显著的影响。不仅苯-乙醇混合溶剂抽提处理对柚木材色影响较多,而且苯-乙醇混合溶剂抽提试样在进一步光照处理后材色变化也很大,其中2:1的苯-乙醇溶剂是最为合适的用于研究柚木光变色成分变化的溶剂。     

二月兰与杜鹃花共建百里杜鹃景区景观时空观赏性

百里杜鹃景区花期过于集中,花期大多在4—5月,旅游期短。现以二月兰与优势种马缨杜鹃为试材,通过在马缨杜鹃树下配种二月兰,研究二月兰是否增加景区的观赏效果,同时,研究引种二月兰是否对马缨杜鹃的生长造成不良影响。结果表明:在马缨杜鹃树下种植二月兰并不影响其生长;二月兰的花期为3—5月,株高多分布在50~100cm,与马缨杜鹃相比,在群落上属于下层景观;这使得景区的可观赏时间提前了将近1个月,同时增强景区空间上的观赏效果。     

西方国家碳税收入使用政策比较及其启示

碳税收入使用政策是西方国家碳税制度设计的一项重要内容，其主要基于税收中性原则，将税收收入或投资于环保节能项目，或以税式支出方式降低纳税人负担，确保碳税收入的循环，实现节能减排的目标。在我国碳税制度设计的构想中，应借鉴西方国家税制经验，结合本国现实情况，科学合理地设计碳税收入使用政策，确保碳税调节功能的充分发挥，将碳税发展成培育战略性新兴产业的重要政策工具之一。     

美国2006～2010年拖拉机市场销售走势浅析

介绍了美国拖拉机的市场销售情况,分析了美国拖拉机市场特点及发展趋势。