Isolation,Identification and Biological Characteristics of Staphylococcus chromogenes from Tibetan Pigs

In order to understand the infection of Staphylococcus disease in healthy Tibetan pigs in Linzhi city,Tibet.232 samples were collected from the slaughterhouse in Bahe town,Gongbujiangda county,Linzhi city,Tibet,the teaching practice ranch at the Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry University in Bayi district,Linzhi city,and the slaughterhouse in Bayi district,Linzhi city.These samples were isolated,cultured and identified,and one isolated strain was systematically studied for biological characteristics.Epidemiological survey results showed that 73 of 232 samples were positive for Staphylococcus,the positive rate was 31.47%,16 positive samples were detected in the slaughterhouse of Bahe town,Gongbujiangda county,Linzhi,Tibet,with a detection rate of 23.89%(16/67),43 positive samples were detected in the pastures of the teaching practice ranch at the Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry University in Bayi district,Linzhi city,with a detection rate of 34.40% (43/125),14 positive samples were detected in the slanghterhouse in Bayi district,Linzhi city,with a detection rate of 35.00% (14/40).Through PCR identification,gene sequencing and biochemical identification,5 strains of Staphylococcus chromogenes were isolated,and one of them (Sa LZ1) was studied systematically.The biological characteristics of the isolated strains showed that the Sa LZ1 strain formed round white convex colonies on the agar medium,with regular edges,smooth surfaces,and opaque white colonies.The isolates were Gram-positive cocci bacteria.PCR sequencing results showed that the isolate had the highest homology with Staphylococcus chromogenes (GenBank accession No.:MG576253.1),positive for serum inulin,manicol,glucose,saccharose,lactose,negative for arabinose,sodium hippurate,raffinose,xylose,urea,etc,consistent with the biochemical characteristics of Staphylococcus chromogenes.The logarithmic growth period of isolated bacteria was 5 to 10 h.The pathogenicity test of mice showed that the mortality rate of mice reached 100% when the concentration of Sa LZ1 strain reached 3.5×10⁹ CFU/mL.And the results of pathological section showed that Sa LZ1 strain could cause the visceral tissue of mice to develop pathological changes.The above results provided a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of Staphylococcus suis in Linzhi,Tibet.     

Genome-wide Association Study on Alive Litter Size Trait in Bama Xiang Pigs

In order to identify the molecular markers related to alive litter size of Bama Xiang pigs,the genome-wide association study (GWAS) was used to map and screen the candidate genes affecting the alive litter size trait.Ear tissue samples of 297 Bama Xiang pigs with multiple parity records were collected,and DNA was extracted and genotyped by porcine 50K SNP beadchip.After quality control and genotype imputation,the alive litter size of Bama Xiang pigs were GWAS by Tassel.The results showed that the average number born alive per litter of Bama Xiang pigs increased gradually with the increasing of parity in the range of 1-9 parities.A total of 32 816 SNPs were obtained after quality control and filtration.8 SNPs related to alive litter size of Bama Xiang pigs were screened by genome-wide association analysis,which were significant at genome or chromosome level.Based on the enrichment analysis of the coding genes in the region between 500 kb upstream and downstream of the associated significant SNP loci,and the QTL regions and gene functions related to porcine reproductive traits,4 genes (CAPZB,MSH3,CITED2 and HSD17B7) were finally identified to be candidate genes related to alive litter size of Bama Xiang pigs.     

禽Ⅰ型副粘病毒各种禽源分离株的免疫原性

分别制备了源于鸡、鹅、鸽、鹌鹑、孔雀、画眉鸟、珍珠鸡的禽型副粘病毒(APMV-1)7个强毒分离毒株和商品弱毒疫苗株克隆30(C30)的灭活油乳剂苗,并用这8种灭活油乳剂苗和C30株的活疫苗分别在鸡、鹌鹑、鹅和鸽进行了免疫及交叉攻毒保护试验。免疫后(PI)分别测定试验禽血清的新城疫病毒(NDV)血凝抑制(HI)抗体的滴度,并于PI 5周用强毒株进行攻毒。结果表明,鸽的HI抗体几何平均滴度(MAT)为9.00~10.0 log2,鸡的为7.13~7.63 log2,鹌鹑的为5.00~5.13 log2,鹅对灭活油乳剂苗的为5.63~6.38 log2、而对C30株活疫苗的仅为3.38log2;除了C30株活疫苗免疫鹅提供的保护率比较低(20%)外,8种油乳剂苗都能对同源或者异源强毒株的攻毒提供比较高的保护率(66.75%~100%)。研究结果表明,经典疫苗株C30与近年来从各种不同禽类分离的致病性APMV-1野毒株之间、不同禽源分离株之间的抗原性,以及各种不同禽源分离株的之间的免疫原性差异均不大。     

利木赞牛杂交改良对草原红牛肉质的影响

将纯种草原红牛和含1/2利木赞血缘的改良草原红牛各16头在相同营养水平和饲养条件下进行10个月的集中舍饲育肥，研究了2组牛生长速度、产肉率及眼肌面积、大理石花纹和嫩度等肉质水平。结果显示, 改良牛的体高、体长、胸围、体质量、增重、屠宰率和净肉率等极显著或显著地高于草原红牛（P<0.01或P<0.05），改良牛的眼肌面积比草原红牛增8.39%，大理石花纹等级和嫩度剪切力值也略大于草原红牛，但差异均不显著(P>0.05)。试验结果表明，利木赞牛对草原红牛的肉用性能改良效果显著，且对草原红牛的肉质没有明显影响,草原红牛保持了其原有肉质好的品种特性。     

猪繁殖-呼吸综合征活疫苗对仔猪的安全性试验

本试验用猪繁殖-呼吸综合征（PRRS）活疫苗和国内分离的PRRS强毒CH—1a株接种PRRS阴性的断奶仔猪，分别在接种后的3、7、14d各剖杀1头，取各脏器分别做冰冻切片和病理切片观察。用间接免疫荧光法检测各脏器PRRS病毒的分布。结果表明，PRRS活疫苗在免疫初期，抗原主要分布在脾脏、淋巴结，其次是肾脏和肺脏，少见于肝脏和心脏，第14d时在脾、淋巴结和肾脏有一定量的抗原，而肺脏相比则数量很少，肝脏和心脏未检到PRRS病毒抗原的存在，表明接种PRRS活疫苗随着时间的推移抗原分布呈下降趋势。而强毒抗原分布以脾脏最多，依次是肾脏、肺脏、淋巴结、肝脏、心脏，接种后第14d仍能在各脏器检到PRRS病毒抗原。病理组织学检测结果表明，活疫苗产生以下颌淋巴结、脾脏增生为特征的免疫应答，组织损伤轻微，对肺的病变较少，且仔猪生长良好。强毒则引起以大面积的肺泡隔增宽为特点的间质性肺炎和微循环障碍的病理变化，淋巴小结、脾脏滤泡发生崩解与周围界限不清，个别淋巴细胞核浓缩，组织损伤严重。本试验表明弱毒疫苗对仔猪是安全的。     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒和猪圆环病毒2型混合感染研究进展

1病原简介 猪繁殖与呼吸综合征（Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome，PRRS）是由猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒（PRRSV）引起的，以母猪的繁殖障碍、哺乳仔猪的高死亡率及呼吸症状为特征的一种传染病。PRRSV是有囊膜的单股正链RNA病毒，属于动脉炎病毒科动脉炎病毒属。该病1987年在美国首先发生，随后在世界各主要养猪国家流行。按其遗传差异和抗原性差异，可分为欧洲型（A群）与美洲型（B群）。该病毒的基因组全长约为15kb，含有8个开放阅读框架（ORFs），其中ORF1a和ORF1b编码病毒非结构蛋白，ORF2-ORF7编码病毒的结构蛋白。我国1996年由郭宝清等首次报道该病，研究证明其为美洲型。PRRS在我国大部分地区均有流行，造成巨大的经济损失。     

补饲青绿饲料对不同性别肉仔鸡皮肤色泽的影响

研究了在饲喂全价配合日粮基础上补饲青绿饲料对不同性别肉仔鸡全身不同部位皮肤色泽的影响。各组自由采食玉米-豆粕型基础日粮,分别于第1、15、29天开始补饲青绿饲料,比较分析42日龄时的全身各部位皮肤的色泽(L、a、b值)。结果表明,不同性别肉仔鸡各部位皮肤色泽间存在一定的差异性;补饲青绿饲料对肉仔鸡皮肤色泽的影响效应,以黄度最强和亮度最弱;补饲青绿饲料的时间越早,对肉仔鸡皮肤色泽的影响越明显;补饲青绿饲料对母肉仔鸡皮肤色泽的影响比对公肉仔鸡更显著。     

灵芝发酵菌丝三萜类化合物含量的测定

建立了灵芝发酵菌丝三萜类化合物含量的检测方法。方法以齐墩果酸作为标准品．用香草醛一高氯酸发色体系进行比色．确定灵芝发酵菌丝三萜含量测定的实验条件．结果三萜类在20—140ug范围内有很好的线性关系．y=0．005x-0．019r=0．998。结论本法简便、准确、重复性好．可用于灵芝发酵菌丝三萜类含量的检测．以鉴定灵芝的品质及其产品的三萜含量。     

南方喀斯特地区苦苣苔科观赏植物在北京的引种栽培

北京林业大学园林学院于2004年开始自我国南方喀斯特地区引种苦苣苔科观赏植物,迄今为止已引种以唇柱苣苔属为主的苦苣苔科观赏植物20余种,在室内栽培表现良好,能够正常开花结实,基本上获得满意的效果,是值得开发和推广的新型室内盆栽观赏植物.