常见动物乳与人乳的营养成分比较分析

乳中富含多种人体所必需的营养成分,对机体的生长发育及免疫功能具有重要作用。除牛乳外,水牛乳、马乳、骆驼乳、山羊乳、驴乳、牦牛乳等特色乳也逐渐进入人们的视野。同时人乳是婴儿最天然的理想食品,是婴儿早期主要的营养物质来源,含有丰富的营养物质及生物活性成分。为了更好的比较7种常见动物乳及人乳的差异性和优势性,本文总结了其在乳糖、乳脂、乳蛋白、矿物质、维生素等营养物质成分方面的差异,发现牦牛乳的蛋白质含量最高,氨基酸种类丰富;马乳的乳糖含量最高;而骆驼乳的乳脂肪含量则较高,水溶性维生素含量也最高;驴乳相比于其他几种常见乳,则具有低脂高糖等特点。     

Effects of Medium-chain Triglyceride on Growth Performance and Serum Biochemical Indices in Broilers

The study was conducted to investigate the effects of medium-chain triglyceride replacing the soybean oil in the basal diet on growth performance and serum biochemical indices of broilers.One hundred and forty four healthy,similar body weights AA broilers at the age of 14 days were randomly assigned to four groups with six replicates ger group and six broilers per replicate.Groups A,B,C and D were respectively fed with 0,0.6%,1.2% and 2% medium-chain triglyceride substituted the equivalent amount of soybean oil (using corn flour to balance the energy levels in each group) .The test lasted for 28 days and the indexes were measured once every two weeks.The results showed that the average daily gain and average daily feed intake of groups B,C and D were higher than that of group A,and the F/G was lower than group A.The average daily gain of groups C and D at 28 to 42 days old and group D at 14 to 42 days old were significantly higher than that of group A (P < 0.05).The serum glucose,total content of amino acid,total protein and albumin of groups B,C and D at age of 28 and 42 days old were higher than that of group A,while the serum triglyceride,total cholesterol and urea nitrogen levels were lower.The total cholesterol content at 42 days old and triglyceride concentrations at 28 days old of group C were significantly lower than those of group A (P < 0.05).The results indicated that medium-chain triglyceride could raise average daily gain and reduce the total cholesterol content and triglyceride concentrations of broilers,which were useful for improving the growth performance.     

链球菌Gapc基因检测及其序列分析

根据已发表的猪链球菌2型3-磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶(Gapc)基因保守区域设计并合成1对特异性引物,对10株不同来源链球菌Gapc基因进行PCR扩增,并选择PCR产物进行克隆并测序分析,结果在10株不同来源链球菌菌株中有8株可扩增出与预期大小(1011 bp)相一致的DNA片段;选取4株细菌PCR产物进行克隆测序,发现其片段大小为1009或1012 bp,与GenBank参考菌株Gapc基因序列的核苷酸同源性为85.3%~98.3%,氨基酸同源性为87.2%~99.4%;生物学软件分析结果显示Gapc基因在链球菌属细菌中相对保守,且具有较多的潜在抗原表位。本研究为链球菌检测技术和核酸疫苗的研究奠定了基础。     

氟喹诺酮类药物残留免疫学检测方法的研究

以沙拉沙星(SALX)为半抗原,牛血清白蛋白(BSA)偶联后免疫兔,获得对多种氟喹酮类(FQNS)药物有特异性的广谱性抗体.以SALX与卵清白蛋白(OVA)的偶联物作包被原,建立并优化了间接竞争ELISA检测方法,对SALX最低检出限达19.319 μg/L,且对诺氟沙星、环丙沙星和恩诺沙星均有特异性识别,最低检测限分别是22.646、26.181和19.054 μg/L.结果表明,该抗体可用于多种氟喹诺酮类药物残留筛选检测.     

补铁剂及多肽铁复合物的研究进展

缺铁性贫血作为贫血中最常见的一种,越来越受到人们的关注。随着营养与健康需求的变化和安全意识的 增强,人们致力于补铁效果好、吸收好、副作用小、安全性更高的口服补铁剂的研发。本文对补铁剂的发展和相关 研究进行综述,概述新型补铁剂的研究进展,全面阐述多肽铁复合物蛋白琥珀酸铁的原料来源、结构、机理、制 备、应用、消化吸收机制,对多肽铁复合物和蛋白琥珀酸铁的发展前景进行展望,以期对补铁剂的研究与发展提供 理论依据。     

荒漠草原“科尔沁型”华北驼绒藜旱作技术研究

“科尔沁型”华北驼绒藜是优良的旱生牧草,但其果实带毛、粘连,不适宜机械播种,而且种子发芽要求较高的温度、湿度,在荒漠草原地区直接播种,建立旱作人工草地难度很大。采用育苗,机械化植苗技术,在撂荒、退耕地建立旱作人工草地,具有成活率高、速度快,操作性强、成本低、简单易行的特点,可实现大规模机械化作业,效益显著,为荒漠草原地区生态建设探索出了一条新的有效途径,可在北方干旱、半干旱地区大力推广应用。     

家蚕马氏管组织构造的研究

通过对家蚕 (Bombyxmori) 5龄第 5日幼虫马氏管外部形态和内部组织结构的观察 ,发现不同部位马氏管的结构差异很大 :膀胱呈囊状体开口于小肠两侧 ,肌肉层厚、细胞层较薄 ,内腔很大 ;下行管靠膀胱处圆形 ,较膨大 ,其余大部分外型呈扁平形且表面光滑 ,细胞层较薄 ,内缘有微绒毛状突起、管腔较大 ;上行管前部管体稍扁平 ,结构与下行管相似 ,中后部管体圆形、细胞层肥厚、内缘呈蜂窝状、管腔狭小 ;隐肾管的外列马氏管细胞层薄、管腔较大 ,而内列马氏管细胞层肥厚、管腔很小。马氏管结构的差异与各部位的功能有密切关系。     

Study on Proliferation and Apoptosis of EBL Cells Induced by P48 Protein of Mycoplasma bovis

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of P48 protein on proliferation and apoptosis of embryonic bovine lung (EBL) cells.In this study,samples which co-incubated with P48 protein and EBL cells in different concentrations at different time points were collected,the proliferation rate of the cells was detected by MTT method,and the changes in the nuclear morphology of EBL cells were observed by DAPI staining method.Meanwhile,flow cytometry was used to detect the apoptosis rate of EBL cells induced by P48 protein.Real-time quantitative PCR was used to detect the changes in mRNA level of apoptotic marker genes,and Western blotting tested the Bax and Beclin-1 protein expressions.The results showed that under the condition of 72 h and 10 μg/mL of protein concentration treatment,P48 extremely significantly inhibited EBL cells proliferation (P<0.01),while 0.1 and 0.5 μg/mL protein concentration had no inhibitory effect (P>0.05).The nuclear morphology showed no significant change after protein induction for 12 h,but wrinkled and condensed at 24 h.The nucleus was fragmented,and a sprouted apoptotic body was appeared at 48 and 72 h.Apoptosis related genes expression showed no obvious increase at 2 and 12 h at mRNA level,but gradually increased at 24,48 and 72 h,and it showed a time-dependent manner.Accordingly,the expression of apoptosis marker proteins Bax and Beclin-1 significantly increased.Flow cytometry analysis showed that the apoptosis rate of EBL cells induced by P48 protein was 48.44%.In conclusion,P48 recombinant protein of Mycoplasmas bovis inhibited the proliferation of EBL cells and promoted their apoptosis,which provided reference for revealing the pathogenic mechanism of Mycoplasmas bovis.     

子长市果桑引种栽培管理技术

根据子长市近几年果桑引种试验示范的实践,总结提出要选栽抗旱耐寒性强的红果1号、红果2号、白玉王、黑珍珠等果桑品种,667㎡栽植180株为宜,中干树形养成,成龄果桑园宜春剪不宜夏伐,要重点做好桑椹菌核病防治工作。     

饲粮代谢能水平对北京油鸡屠宰性能和肌内脂肪含量的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮代谢能水平对不同脂肪型脂肪酸结合蛋白(A-FABP)基因型北京油鸡屠宰性能和肌内脂肪(IMF)含量的影响。选择体重相近的42日龄北京油鸡公鸡480只,随机分成4组(每组6个重复,每个重复20只鸡),采用3层阶梯式笼养,分别饲喂代谢能为11.76、12.39、13.02和13.65 M J/kg的饲粮(Ⅰ~Ⅳ组)。试验期48 d。试验结束后,所有鸡只全部宰杀,测定屠宰性能;每个重复随机选取7只鸡,翅静脉采血,据A-FABP基因外显子1第51位碱基C→T突变进行基因分型,即未突变型(MM)、杂合型(MN)和突变型(NN),并测定IM F含量。结果表明:1)Ⅲ组(13.02 M J/kg代谢能组)北京油鸡的活体重、屠体率、全净膛率显著高于Ⅰ组(11.76 MJ/kg代谢能组)和Ⅱ组(12.39 MJ/kg代谢能组)(P<0.05),但与Ⅳ组(13.65 MJ/kg代谢能组)无显著差异(P>0.50)。2)13.65 MJ/kg代谢能组北京油鸡腹脂率分别是11.76、12.39、13.02 MJ/kg代谢能组的1.65、2.43和2.50倍,差异显著(P<0.05);与中等代谢能(12.39和13.02 MJ/kg)相比,高代谢能(13.65 MJ/kg)可增加NN北京油鸡的腹脂率,但对MM和MN无显著影响(P>0.10)。3)12.39 MJ/kg代谢能组北京油鸡胸肌IMF含量分别是11.76、13.02和13.65 MJ/kg代谢能组的1.35、1.34和1.32倍,差异显著(P<0.05),后3组间差异不显著(P>0.05);MM北京油鸡腿肌IMF含量和脂肪组织中A-FABP基因mRNA表达水平显著高于M N和NN(P<0.05),且A-FABP基因mRNA表达水平与腿肌IM F含量和基因型均存在显著相关性(P<0.01)。由此可见,13.02 MJ/kg代谢能饲粮提高了7~13周龄北京油鸡的活体重、屠体率和全净膛率;13.65 MJ/kg代谢能饲粮增加了北京油鸡的腹脂率,尤其是A-FABP基因外显子1第51位碱基C→T突变的北京油鸡,但未提高肌肉IMF含量。