来源于新疆的3 个苹果褪绿叶斑病毒分离物的分子变异研究

Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (ACLSV) isolates from Korla pear (KI-2), New pear no. 7 (XI-1) and Red Fuji apple (API-4) were collected from XinJiang and characterized by analyzing sequences of their near genomic 3忆-terminal. The RT-PCR products were cloned, and analyzed by single-strand conforma-tion polymorphism (SSCP). Eight out of 39 collected positive clones showing different SSCP patterns were sequenced. The results showed that the amplified products had sizes ranging 676 - 703 bp, including partial coat protein (CP) gene (506 bp, accounts for 87% of the complete cp gene) and 3忆-terminal non-coding re-gion (3忆NCR) sequences. The cp gene sequences from isolate KI-2 showed a high intra-isolate divergence,with 84. 8% - 85. 4% identities at the nucleotide (nt) level, and the intra-isolate identities were 99. 8 % and 92.5% - 99. 8 % for isolate XI-1 and API-4, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis on the nt sequences of cpgene showed that the analyzed ACLSV variants from three isolates fell into two different clusters. A variant KI-2-6 from KI-2 was clustered into a group with an apple isolate aclsv-c from China and a plum isolated from France, and all other variants fell into a large cluster. The 3忆NCR sequences of these variants were identical ranging 80. 6% - 100 % .     

螺虫乙酯在染毒雄性大鼠体内的分布与代谢

建立了采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱仪(UPLC-MS/MS)检测不同动物样品中螺虫乙酯及其主要代谢物残留量的方法,并研究了螺虫乙酯在大鼠体内的吸收与代谢。样品中螺虫乙酯及其主要代谢物经甲醇提取及C18固相萃取(SPE)柱净化后,用UPLC-MS/MS检测。结果显示,所建立方法快速、灵敏,每个样品上机检测仅需3 min,方法的最低检出浓度(LOQ)为0.005 mg/kg。对按照每千克体重每日250 mg剂量染毒28 d后的大鼠体内螺虫乙酯残留量的检测结果表明:螺 虫乙酯在睾丸、肝脏、肺、肾、心脏、血浆等器官和组织中的残留量较低,平均在0.012~0.025 mg/kg 之间,且分布差异不显著,而脂肪和肌肉中螺虫乙酯的残留量显著低于睾丸和肝脏中的残留量(P P 肾>血浆>肺>心脏>睾丸>脂肪>肌肉。     

没食子酸对水稻细菌性条斑病防治作用的持效期

利用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)检测没食子酸(gallic acid,简称GA)在水稻叶片上的残留时间,并在检测水稻叶片上残留量的同时接种病原菌,调查接种后水稻细菌性条斑病的发病情况,以确定GA在水稻叶片上对水稻细菌性条斑病防治作用的持效期。研究结果表明,GA不具有内渗作用,只残留在水稻叶片的表面。分别用100、200和400 mg/L的浓度处理叶片后,GA在叶片表面的残留时间分别为16、24和28 d。200 mg/L浓度处理叶片后,GA对水稻细菌性条斑病防治作用的持效期为16 d。研究结果可为有效使用GA防治水稻细菌性条斑病奠定基础。     

花期干旱对大豆叶绿素荧光参数的影响

利用叶绿素荧光动力学测定技术,研究大豆开花期干旱对叶片叶绿素荧光参数的影响,结果表明:大豆开花期受旱后,可变荧光与最大荧光比(Fv/Fm)、可变荧光与初始荧光比(Fv/F0)、非光化学淬灭系数(NPQ)均降低,而ETR升高。说明光系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)受到了伤害,使得PSⅡ原初光能转换效率(Fv/Fm)、PSⅡ潜在活性(Fv/F0)、起光保护作用的热耗散降低,光合电子传递速率升高。花期干旱胁迫后,各参数存在基因型差异,新大豆1号在花期干旱条件下,光合机构受破坏较轻,其吸收的光能能较多地用于光化学转化能力,抗旱能力强。因此,花期干旱胁迫下,叶绿素荧光参数(Fv/F0、Fv/Fm)变化与大豆品种抗旱性有关,利用大豆品种叶绿素荧光对干旱胁迫的反应差异鉴定品种抗旱性是可行的。     

茉莉种子发芽率及实生苗大田生长试验研究

通过研究种子鲜度、温度、光照等条件对茉莉种子发芽率的影响,并从实生苗植株树型、叶片、花器、经济性状等方面进行观察,结果表明:茉莉种子的新鲜度是影响其发芽的重要因素,刚脱离果肉的新鲜种子在适宜的条件下发芽率达到84%,而表皮干燥后种子的发芽能力迅速下降,剥离果肉的种子在常温条件下放置36 h后即丧失发芽能力;种子萌发的适宜温度为25～30℃;黑暗条件下可促进胚根生长.实生苗移栽田间生长正常,但在叶片形态、花大小、花瓣数多少等方面均有不同表现,这将为茉莉花品种的选育提供了更多的种质资源.     

黄土高原气候与气候生产力对全球气候变化的响应

应用黄土高原7省51个代表性气象站1961～2000年主要气象要素观测资料,采用EOF和其他数理统计方法研究了黄土高原气候与气候生产力对全球气候变化的响应,结果表明：中国黄土高原年和各季节的平均气温均呈明显的上升趋势,增温速度大于全国同期增温速度;年降水量和作物生长季节降水量均呈下降的趋势;气候生产力呈递减趋势;未来“暖湿型”气候对作物生产最有利,平均增产幅度为5．9％,而“冷湿型”气候对作物生产最不利,平均减产幅度为6．3％。     

基于生态承载力的黄土高原地区城镇体系空间结构演化——以庆阳市为例

庆阳市位于黄土高原中部丘陵沟壑区,气候干旱,生态脆弱。运用生态承载力、城镇体系相关理论和方法,分析研究区城镇体系空间结构演化特点及趋势。采用生态弹性度、资源承载力和承载压力度、对生态承载力的演化进行综合评价,并对生态承载力与城镇空间结构的关系进行探讨。在此基础上,对研究区城镇体系空间结构进行调整优化,为脆弱生态条件下的城镇发展提供依据。     

干旱区绿洲城市城市化与生态环境耦合——以乌鲁木齐为例

本文以乌鲁木齐为例,利用灰色关联方法,对干旱区绿洲城市的城市化进程和生态环境响应的耦合关系进行评价与分析,在乌鲁木齐城市化对生态环境的影响过程中,空间城市化对生态环境的作用最为明显,社会城市化和经济城市化对生态环境的作用相对小一些,而人口城市化对生态环境的关联度仅为0.59,对于干旱区绿洲城市来说人口对于生态环境的影响最小;生态环境对城市化的束缚作用主要表现为大气、水、土环境产生不同程度的胁迫效应,资源能源、生态条件对于城市化的制约和限制作用最为明显,生态环境综合治理对于城市化进程起着很大的促进作用,生态环境污染对于干旱区绿洲城市的胁迫作用相对较小。最后得出结论:乌鲁木齐市城市化与生态环境的耦合目前正处于缓慢变化阶段,属于逐步磨合型。     

区域尺度分布式水文模拟的时空分辨率

基于数据实验,就区域尺度分布式水文模拟中时空分辨率匹配问题进行讨论,就分布式水文建模中时空分辨率匹配问题提出建议。结果表明:低分辨率高程数据在区域水文要素空间离散过程中,导致边界错位、高程趋于集中、坡度变缓、河网稀疏失真等不良后果,在区域水文模拟研究中,应根据不同时间尺度对应的科学计算需求,选择适宜的空间分辨率数据进行模型平台构建。     

Effects of baicalin on CA46 cell xenografts in nude mice

AIM: To study the effects of baicalin on CA46 cell xenografts in nude mice. METHODS: The nude mice with CA46 cell xenografts were treated with drugs via intraperitoneal injection daily, and were divided into 5 groups: negative control group, 15 mg/kg baicalin group, 30 mg/kg baicalin group, 60 mg/kg baicalin group and 4 mg/kg etoposide (VP-16) positive control group. After 12-day treatment, the weight of CA46 cell xenografts stripped from some nude mice in the 5 groups was used to evaluate the effect of baicalin on xenograft growth in the nude mice. The apoptosis, necrosis and pathological changes of the xenograft cells were examined under light microscope and transmission electronic microscope respectively. The expression levels of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathway-related proteins extracted from xenografts were determined by Western blotting. The other nude mice with CA46 cell xenografts in the 5 groups continued to be treated with the drugs until death in order to evaluate the effect of balcalin on survival time of the nude mice with CA46 cell xenografts. RESULTS: Baicalin remarkably inhibited the growth of CA46 cell xenografts, induced apoptosis and necrosis of xenograft cells, and reduced the protein expression of phospho-Akt (p-Akt), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and phospho-mTOR (p-mTOR) in the xenografts after 12-day treatment. Furthermore, baicalin prolonged the survival time of the nude mice with CA46 cell xenografts in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSION: Baicalin inhibits the growth and induces apoptosis of CA46 cell xenografts in the nude mice, and prolongs the survival time of the nude mice with CA46 cell xenografts through the mechanism of down-regulating PI3K/Akt/NF-κB and PI3K/Akt/ mTOR signaling pathways.