酿酒酵母细胞壁和细胞膜应对高渗胁迫机制研究

酿酒酵母是食品发酵最常用的菌种之一,酵母应对高渗胁迫的能力决定食品发酵的成功与否以及食品腐败的危害程度。为研究高糖压力对酿酒酵母的影响,测定了酿酒酵母在应对极端高糖压力(0. 6 g/m L)时细胞壁几丁质和葡聚糖含量的变化,采用CFW染料和葡聚糖特异性降解酶对细胞壁的敏感性进行分析,并进一步通过双染料(PI和Hoechst 33342)染色对酿酒酵母细胞膜完整性进行分析,最后通过RNA测序研究了酿酒酵母在极端高糖压力下表达的全局差异基因。结果表明:高糖压力改变了酿酒酵母细胞壁和细胞膜的特性。全局转录测试结果显示,高糖压力通过下调酿酒酵母与细胞壁完整性(CWI)信号传导途径相关的基因ROM1、RLM1、PIR3、YGP1、CWP1等,进行细胞壁损伤的应激反应,高糖压力还通过下调酿酒酵母与细胞膜成分相关的基因(如PDR15和YOR1)造成了细胞膜损伤。最后,比较了酿酒酵母在不同压力因子(0. 2 g/m L糖、0. 4 g/m L糖、0. 6 g/m L糖和柠檬醛压力)下细胞依赖RLM1调控的CWI信号传导途径的差异调节,结果发现,在CWI中起关键作用的RLM1仅在0. 6 g/m L糖的极端压力下被下调。     

大型灌区节水改造后地下水动态的

以黄河河套灌区的节水灌溉工程改造为目标，通过一个试验区（沙壕渠灌域）的实际分析，在地下水动力学数值模拟基础上，用Galerkin法对节水工程实施后的地下水动态进行预测，通过更大范围（解放闸灌域）用人工神经网络BP模型的快速算法进行了检验比较认为：成果基本可靠，有一定代表性，可供河套灌区水环境评估与宏观水管理预测和决策参考。     

农用柴油机排放控制技术的探讨

随着国内农用车的排放法规日趋严格，如何有效地控制农用柴油机的排放污染就成为一个摆在人们面前的很现实的问题。本文从三个方面探讨了农用柴油机排放的具体控制措施，并指出了今后控制技术发展努力的方向。     

利用小波分析诊断农机产品变速箱齿轮故障

介绍小波变换的基本原理，针对农机产品变速箱齿轮出现故障时产生的非稳态脉冲信号特点，选择合适的小波。应用小波变换准确地诊断变速箱齿轮裂纹故障，证明了小波分析的应用价值。     

胶东半岛丘陵区典型流域气温-降

利用大沽夹河流域1966~2003年各水文站逐年、月气温和降水实测资料，采用线性倾向估计和Mann-Kendall法，对流域气候变化趋势的年季特征及突变性进行了分析。结果表明，（1）近40年来，大沽夹河流域年平均气温整体呈上升趋势，降水呈下降趋势，气候倾向率分别为0.20℃/10a和-42.17mm/10a。（2）春、夏、冬三季平均气温均呈上升趋势，秋季呈下降趋势。春、冬季的气温倾向率大于全年且冬季高于春季（分别为0.216和0.583℃/10a），夏季的气温倾向率（0.01℃/10a）小于全年；各季平均降水的变化趋势与年降水量变化趋势基本相似，整体亦呈减少趋势，但减少的幅度均明显小于全年平均降水。其中，夏秋季下降趋势较快，春冬季较慢，倾向率分别为-21.76、-15.52、-2.52和-2.25mm/10a。（3）除冬季外，各季及年平均气温均在1972年左右发生突变。其中，夏季在1994年左右发生第二次突变，秋季突变次数相对较多；降水的突变多发生在1970s和1980s初。     

东北地区农机化发展的措施与建议

农业机械化是农业现代化的基础和手段,没有农业机械化,就没有农业现代化.为此,针对东北地区农业机械化发展的现状和存在的主要问题,提出了东北地区农业机械化发展的措施与建议,旨在为农业现代化建设和新农村建设提供参考.     

Quercetin activates mitochondrial autophagy via PINK1/parkin pathway to alleviate cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats

AIM To analyze the regulatory effect of quercetin （QUE） on PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 （PINK1）/parkin mitochondrial autophagy pathway, and to explore the mechanism of quercetin in relieving cerebral ischemia/reperfusion （I/R） injury. METHODS Sixty SD male rats were randomly divided into sham operation group, model group （I/R group）, QUE group,3-methyladenine （3-MA） group and QUE+3-MA group. Administration started in each group 3 days before modeling, once a day, at 30 min after the last administration,except sham group, the other groups used 4-vessel blockage method to establish the whole brain I/R model. On the day after modeling, the neural function was evaluated by neuropathy disability score （NDS）. The volume of cerebral infarction was measured by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride （TTC） staining. The morphological changes of mitochondria in hippocampus were observed by transmission electron microscopy. The contents of interleukin-6 （IL-6） and tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） in hippocampus were measured by ELISA. The activity of superoxide dismutase （SOD） and contents of malondialdehyde （MDA） in hippocampus were detected by xanthine oxidase method, thiobarbituric acid condensation method. Western blot was used to detect the proteinex pression of PINK1, parkin and LC3-II in brain tissue. RESULTS Compared with sham group, the hippocampus of the rats in I/R group and QUE+3-MA group showed swelling of mitochondria, destruction or disappearance of internal crista and other pathological damage,also the volume of cerebral infarction, the contents of IL-6, TNF-α and MDA, the protein expression levels of PINK1, parkin and LC3-II were increased （P<0.05）, while NDS score and activity of SOD were decreased （P<0.05）. Compared with I/R group and QUE+3-MA group, the pathological damage degree of hippocampus in QUE group was reduced, the volume of cerebral infarction, the contents of IL-6, TNF-α and MDA were decreased （P<0.05）, the proteinexpression levels of PINK1, parkin and LC3-II, and NDS score and activity of SOD were increased （P<0.05）.The above indexes in 3-MA group were opposite to QUE group. No significant difference in the above indexes between I/R group and QUE+3-MA group was observed （P>0.05）. CONCLUSION Quercetin activates mitochondrial autophagy and reduces cerebral I/R by regulating the expression of PINK1/parkin pathway proteins.     

MicroRNA-9-5p mediates sympathetic overactivity by targeting KCNN3 in paraventricular nucleus of rats with T2D

AIM To investigate whether microRNA-9-5p （miR-9-5p） mediates sympathetic overactivity by targeting KCNN3 （potassium intermediate/small conductance calcium-activated channel, subfamily N, member 3） gene,which encoded small-conductance calcium-activated potassium channel 3 （SK3） protein, in paraventricular nucleus （PVN） of rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus （T2D）. METHODS A rat model of T2D was established by high-fat diet combined with intraperitoneal injection of 30 mg/kg streptozotocin. The levels of miR-9-5p and KCNN3 mRNA in PVN were detected by real-time PCR. The relationship between KCNN3 and miR-9-5p was predicted by TargetScan. Recombinant adeno-associated virus （rAAV）-miR-9-5p or KCNN3 were bilaterally microinjected into the PVN to observe the changes in plasma glucose levels and sympathetic drive indicators. The number of FosB and SK3 positive cells was measured by immunofluorescence staining. The protein expression of SK3 was determined by Western blot. The relationship between KCNN3 and miR-9-5p were confirmed by cell transfection and dual-luciferase reporter assay. RESULTS Compared with the rats in diabetes control （DC） group, the blood glucose, sympathetic drive indexes and the level of miR-9-5p in PVN were significantly increased, while the SK3 expression in PVN was obviously reduced in the diabetes mellitus （DM） rats. After microinjecion of rAAV-miR-9-5p in PVN, the sympathetic drive indexes, blood glucose, and the number of FosB-positive cells were increased significantly, but the SK3 protein expression was significantly reduced （P<0.05）. However, up-regulation of KCNN3 in PVN had the opposite effect. These responses were obviously enhanced in DM rats compared with DC rats. The results of cell transfection and dual-luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that miR-9-5p bound to the 3’-UTR of KCNN3 and inhibit its expression. CONCLUSION miR-9-5p was up-regulated in PVN of the rats with T2D, and it may mediate sympathoexcitation by targeting KCNN3.     

不同砧穗组合对"瑞雪"苹果树体生长、产量和品质的影响

以"瑞雪"苹果为试材,以M26、B9、T337中间砧和M26、B9、T337自根砧为试验砧木,采用方差分析法,研究了各砧穗组合之间的物候期,树体生长势、产量和品质的差异,以期为"瑞雪"苹果在庆阳苹果产区发展提供参考依据.结果表明:在庆阳地区的旱作矮化密植栽培条件下,中间砧优于自根砧,M26和T337优于B9.砧木对"瑞雪"苹果的物候期无明显影响;以B9为中间砧和自根砧嫁接"瑞雪"苹果的树势弱,产量低,与其砧穗组合的差异达到显著水平;"瑞雪"中间砧砧穗组合的产量显著高于自根砧砧穗组合;砧木对"瑞雪"苹果果实的果形无显著影响,但对其它外观品质和内在品质有显著影响.     

近红外技术(NIR)在小麦商品粮收购中的应用研究

利用近红外谷物品质分析仪 (Perten DA910 0 ) ,对陕西省某县 6 2 4户农民 2 0 0 0年夏季上缴粮库的公购粮进行现场品质分析。结果认为 :人工主观评定的商品粮等级与其蛋白质含量、水分含量、硬度、沉淀值、烘烤体积无显著相关性 ;近红外谷物品质分析仪 (Perten DA910 0 )完全能够满足粮库验粮的需要 ;小麦籽粒硬度、蛋白质含量是商品粮收购定级的重要指标