大白菜抽薹相关基因BrFLC1的KASP标记开发

为了提高大白菜耐抽薹品种的分子育种效率,本研究针对大白菜抽薹相关基因BrFLC1第6个内含子的第一个碱基(Pi6+1)G-A的SNP变异开发进行高通量检测的竞争性等位基因特异性PCR(KASP)标记。结果表明,开发的KASP标记BrFLC1-KASP1可有效将晚抽薹类型材料Y177-12(G)和早抽薹类型材料Y195-93(A)分为2组。利用BrFLC1-KASP1标记可以对57份大白菜材料的基因型进行有效鉴别,且鉴定结果与酶切扩增多态性标记(CAPS)G-MvaI以及直接测序法的鉴定结果完全一致。综上所述,BrFLC1-KASP1标记在大白菜材料中具有通用性,且具有准确率高、成本低、效率高的特点。本研究结果对大白菜耐抽薹性的分子标记辅助选择具有重要的育种实践价值。     

农村中小学现代远程教育资源利用的问题与策略

随着农村中小学现代远程教育工程的逐步实施和深入,农村中小学在利用农村远程教育资源（以下简称农远资源）的过程中也暴露出越来越多的问题。针对农远资源在农村中小学教育中利用率低的问题,在做了相关调查的基础上,分析了农村中小学农远资源利用中存在的弊端,为提高农远资源的利用率提出了相关的解决策略。     

本氏针茅SRAP PCR反应体系的建立及引物筛选

以本氏针茅（Stipa bungeana）幼嫩叶片为材料,建立适合本氏针茅基因组DNA提取的改良CTAB法,在此基础上采用正交试验设计和单因素分析相结合的方法,对本氏针茅SRAP PCR反应体系中的5个主要因素（DNA、Taq酶、dNTPs、Mg2+和引物）进行优化,旨在建立适合本氏针茅SRAP分析的反应体系。结果表明,在20 μL总的反应体系中各组分的加入量分别为：DNA（20 ng·μL-1）3 μL、Taq DNA酶(5 U·μL-1)0.2 μL、dNTPs（2.5 mmol·L-1)1.4 μL、引物（10 μmol·L-1）1.0 μL、Mg2+ (25 mmol·L-1)2.0 μL、10×Buffer 2.5 μL、ddH2O 8.9 μL。体系验证和引物筛选试验表明,该体系适于本氏针茅遗传多样性分析,该体系的建立可为本氏针茅种质资源遗传多样性研究和黄土高原植被恢复及生态建设提供理论基础。     

广西甘蔗新品种区试柳州点7个甘蔗新品种DTOPSIS法综合评价

[目的]对7个甘蔗新品种(系)的田间表现进行综合评价,筛选优良品种,为其在柳州蔗区的推广应用提供参考依据.[方法]在柳州蔗区条件下,对参与广西甘蔗新品种区试的7个甘蔗新品种进行田间一年新植和一年宿根品比试验,并采用DTOPSIS法对其表现进行综合评价.[结果]在7个参试品种中,以桂辐98/296的宿根萌苗率、分蘖率、有效茎数、蔗茎产量、蔗糖分和产糖量表现最好,其他品种表现无明显规律.桂辐98/296、桂糖04/120、玉林1号的综合性状优于对照新台糖22号,而柳城03/362、桂糖04/2278和桂糖02/496低于对照新台糖22号.7个甘蔗品种的C值从高到低排序为桂辐98/296、桂糖04/120、玉林1号、桂糖04/2278、新台糖22号、柳城03/362、桂糖02/496.[结论]桂辐98/296、桂糖04/120、玉林1号适宜在广西柳州地区及气候相似蔗区大面积推广应用,而桂糖04/2278、柳城03/362、桂糖02/496则不宜在该类型蔗区推广应用.     

沼渣在秋马铃薯上的应用试验

采用沼渣作底肥并与普通农家肥作比较,总结其对秋马铃薯生产的作用及其生产施用量,结果表明:施用沼渣作底肥,对秋马铃薯的出苗率有所提高,对块茎的形成、膨大、色泽都有显著的效果,为大面积推广提供了试验依据。     

低温弱光对CMS三系辣椒幼苗形态指标与冷害指数的影响

以辣椒CMS三系的不育系、恢复系与相应杂交一代幼苗为材料,研究了辣椒幼苗对低温弱光及其恢复过程的响应。结果表明:低温弱光胁迫下,辣椒幼苗植株生长减缓或停止,外部形态出现部分变化。低温弱光处理10天后,与对照相比各试验材料株高增加缓慢,基本停止生长,但恢复系表现出较好的低温弱光耐受性。从外部形态与冷害指数综合来看,杂交种与恢复系受害程度明显较轻。     

Dynamics of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and glomalin in the rhizosphere of Artemisia ordosica Krasch. in Mu Us sandland, China

To understand the ecological significance of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) associations in semi-arid and arid lands, the temporal and spatial dynamics of AM fungi and glomalin were surveyed in Mu Us sandland, northwest China. Soil samples in the rhizosphere of Artemisia ordosica Krasch. were collected in May, July and October 2007, respectively. Arbuscular, hyphal and total root infection and spore density of AM fungi peaked in summer. The mean contents of total Bradford-reactive soil proteins (T-BRSPs, TG) and easily extractable Bradford-reactive soil proteins (EE-BRSPs, EEG) reached maximal values in spring. Spore density and two BRSPs fractions were the highest in the 0-10 cm soil layer, but the ratios of two BRSPs fractions to soil organic carbon (SOC) were the highest in the 30-50 cm soil layer. Hyphal infection was negatively correlated with soil enzymatic activity (soil urease and acid phosphatase) (P < 0.05). Arbuscular infection was negatively correlated with soil acid phosphatase (P < 0.01). Spore density was positively correlated with edaphic factors (soil available N, Olsen P, and SOC) and soil enzymatic activity (soil acid and alkaline phosphatase) (P < 0.01). Two BRSPs fractions were positively correlated with edaphic factors (soil available N and SOC) and soil enzymatic activity (soil urease, acid and alkaline phosphatase) (P < 0.01). TG was positively correlated with soil Olsen P (P < 0.05). We concluded that the dynamics of AM fungi and glomalin have highly temporal and depth patterns, and influenced by nutrient availability and enzymatic activity in Mu Us sandland, and suggest that glomalin are useful indicators for evaluating soil quality and function of desert ecosystem on the basis of its relationship to AM fungal community, soil nutrient dynamics and carbon cycle.     

Regulatory effect of Panax notoginseng saponins on the oxidative stress and histone acetylation induced by porcine circovirus type 2

Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) exists widely in swine populations worldwide, and healthy PCV2 virus carriers have enhanced the severity of the infection, which is becoming more difficult to control. This study investigated the regulatory effect of Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) on the oxidative stress and histone acetylation modification induced by PCV2 in vitro and in mice. In vitro, PNS significantly increased the scavenging capacities of superoxide anion radicals (O₂^•-) and hydroxyl radicals (^•OH) and reduced the content of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) induced by PCV2 in porcine alveolar macrophages (3D4/2). In addition, PNS decreased the protein expression level of histone H4 acetylation (Ac-H4) by increasing the activity of histone deacetylase (HDAC) in PCV2-infected 3D4/2 cells. In vivo, PNS enhanced the scavenging capacities of ^•OH and O₂^•− and reduced the content of H₂O₂ in the spleens of PCV2-infected mice. PNS also reduced the protein expression level of histone H3 acetylation (Ac-H3) by reducing the activity of histone acetylase (HAT) and increasing the activity of HDAC in the spleens of PCV2-infected mice. PCV2 infection activated oxidative stress and histone acetylation in vitro and in mice, but PNS ameliorated this oxidative stress. The research can provide experimental basis for exploring the antioxidant effect and the regulation of histone acetylation of PNS on PCV2-infected 3D4/2 cells and mice in vitro and in vivo, and provide new ideas for the treatment of PCV2 infection.     

Lipid metabolism is improved by L-carnitinein semi-starved rats fed on high fat diet

AIM: To investigate the effects of exogenous L-carnitine on lipid metabolism in semi-starved rats fed on high fat diet. METHODS: The semi-starved rats were restricted half in calorie intake on high fat diet for 2 week. L-carnitine was supplied at dose of 250 mg/kg·bw. The changes of plasma carnitine concentration, urinary excretion of ketone body, serum lipase activity, muscle carnitine palmitoyl transferase activity, triglyceride secretion and clearance rate were measured. RESULTS: The results showed that the concentration of plasma free carnitine increased significantly in carnitine supplemented rats compared to normal and semi-starved rats.The activities of muscle carnitine palmitoyltransferase and serum lipase were significantly enhanced in carnitine supplemented rats. The triglyceride secretion rate (TGSR) was also improved remarkably by carnitine supplementation. Meanwhile, the urinary excretion of ketone body was reduced significantly in carnitine supplemented rats compared to semi-starved rats. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that carnitine supplementation can significantly increase the plasma concentration of free carnitine and accelerate the lipid metabolism in semi-starved rats fed on high fat diet.     

蔗叶机械化粉碎还田负面效应分析与控制

通过对甘蔗叶粉碎还田前后土壤结构、营养成分以及还田技术方式进行分析和试验对比,初步探讨其主要原因,并提出了从种植、管理、技术手段等多方面相结合的控制技术措施。