巨桉枯落物化感物质的研究

为了解巨桉Eucalyptus grandis的枯落物内含物对其他物种的化感作用,试验以正己烷作溶剂,用超声波浸提巨桉枯落物,采用GC-MS联用技术,鉴定了巨桉枯落物中所含的有机化学成分。结果表明：巨桉枯落物中含有烷烃、烯烃、芳香烃、醇、醛、酮、酚和酯等8类35种化合物。证明巨桉枯落物中存在化感物质,主要为烷烃、芳香烃和酯类物质。这些化感物质可能对植物种子萌发、幼苗生长有重要的影响。表1参13     

三叶木通栽培条件下的生长结果习性

三叶木通[Akebia trifoliata(Thunb)Koidz]是木通科木通属的一种营养价值较高的半落叶藤本野生果树。果实是一种品质优良的野生鲜食水果,但其种子多,果肉少,可食率较低,需要经过驯化选育栽培加以利用。从2005年起搜集野生三叶木通进行人工驯化栽培,观察其生长结果习性。结果:在人工栽培条件下果实最大单果重313.5 g、最小97.7 g、平均单果重78.1~244.1 g,并初步掌握了其生长结果习性,为进一步生产栽培及育种打下了基础。     

青阳参组培快繁技术的研究

以青阳参的成熟种子获得无菌苗,去除下胚轴和子叶作为外植体,诱导腋芽的萌发和不定芽增殖生根。结果表明：适宜的增殖培养基是MS＋6-BA2．0mg／L＋NAA0．2mg／L＋蔗糖3％,每个外植体的平均芽数为3．36个;适宜的诱导生根生长调节剂是ABT1号50mg／L,生根率达到100％,平均根数为4．72条;移栽后成活率可达到90％以上。     

基于SSR小豆新品种(系)DNA指纹图谱构建及亲缘分类初探

为寻求鉴定小豆品种基因型的新途径,对不同地区来源的37个新品种(系)和12个品种资源进行了SSR分析。利用7对SSR引物扩增出的22个多态位点,对供试品种(系)进行了区分,初步构建出供试品种(系)DNA指纹图谱。聚类分析表明,当截值取0.37时,49个小豆材料可划分为7个类群。37个育成品种(系)全部聚在同一类群内,遗传差异相对较小;在育成品种类群内,可划分为8个具有不同特征的亚类群,聚类结果与品种(系)的系谱来源相吻合。地方品种资源内的遗传多样性较高,与育成品种间遗传距离较远。     

山东省花生增效技术对策

花生是我国主要油料作物和经济作物。山东是我国最大的花生生产和出口基地,播种面积、总产、单产和出口创汇均居全国首位,是山东省的第三大作物,因此,山东花生生产与农民的收入和人民的生活水平紧密相连。花生营养丰富,用途广泛,既是我国食用植物油的主要来源,也是食品加工的主     

荔枝草农用活性初步研究

研究了荔枝草乙醇提取物及其萃取物的抑菌、除草活性。结果表明,荔枝草乙醇提取物对27种供试病原真菌均有一定抑制作用。乙醇提取物在浓度为0．03g／mL（以干材料计）时,对苹果腐烂病菌、葡萄白腐病菌、瓜果腐霉病菌的抑制率分别达到89．09％、91．12％、92．59％;荔枝草乙醇提取物的乙酸乙酯萃取物对苹果腐烂病菌、葡萄白腐病菌、瓜果腐霉病菌抑制效果最好,其EC50分别为0．24、0．29、0.12mg/mL;荔枝草乙醇提取物对几种杂草也有很好的抑制效果,在浓度为0．2g／mL时,对生菜、反枝苋、黄瓜的抑制率分别为93．65％、92．76％和97．57％。     

优质杂交中籼稻新组合天优1120的选育与应用

天优1120(天丰A/盐恢1120)系江苏沿海地区农科所育成的三系杂交中籼稻新组合,具有米质优,高产稳产、增产潜力大,熟期适中、适应性广,抗病性强等特点,2008年通过江苏省品种审定.介绍了该组合的选育经过、产量表现、特征特性及高产栽培和制种技术要点.     

油菜细胞质雄性不育及恢复的分子机理研究进展*

对油菜来说,细胞质雄性不育决定于线粒体基因组中的不育基因,质、核基因间的互作表现在核育性恢复基因对质不育基因的表达调控上,那种认为油菜CMS的产生是简单的质核不配套、不协调的结果而完全忽略线粒体基因组中不育基因的存在与作用是不科学的。油菜CMS的产生是线粒体基因组DNA发生重排造成的,已知油菜线粒体不育基因主要有orf224、orf138|orf125、orf263、orf193、orf222等,这些基因通常与atp6、atp8或atp9等线粒体功能基因嵌合共转录,但这些基因的作用机制仍不清楚。油菜pol CMS、nap CMS和ogu CMS的育性恢复基因不直接对不育基因的转录产生作用,而表现为转录后或翻译水平上的调控,使得不育基因的表达受到抑制而恢复CMS的育性。今后一段时间油菜CMS相关研究重点在于分析不育基因的结构特征与来源,在此基础上阐述不育基因的作用机理以及育性恢复的分子机制。     

ISSR Analysis on Genetic Diversity of the 34 Populations of Oryza meyeriana Distributing in Yunnan Province,China

The genetic diversity of the 34 populations of wild rice Oryza meyeriana Baill.distributed in Yunnan Province,China was analyzed using 13 inter-simple sequence repeat(ISSR)markers.A total of 168 bands were amplified,of which 135 polymorphic bands were discovered and the percentage of polymorphic bands(PPB)was 80.36%.A genetic diversity was revealed as Nei's gene diversity(H)=0.2666 and Shannon information index(η)=0.4028 at population level.The 34 populations were divided into different groups based on administrative regions,latitude and longitudes,river areas,altitudes of their origins,and their indexes such as Na(number of alleles),Ne(effective number of alleles),H,I and PPB were calculated.Richer genetic diversity was found in the wild rice populations distributed in Simao Prefecture than that in Lingcang Prefecture or Xishuangbanna Prefecture whereas the least genetic diversity was in Baoshan Prefecture or Dehong Prefecture.Rich genetic diversity was also discovered in the wild rice populations originated from higher than 710 m altitude around the middle and lower reaches of the Lancang River belonging to the Pacific Ocean drainage system.The 34 populations could be classified into two groups,one group covered the wild rice distributing in Simao Prefecture only while the other group covered ones in Lingcang,Xishuangbanna and Oehong Prefectures.The issue on how to effectively conserve the wild rice germplasm was discussed.     

Role of LOX3 Gene in Alleviating Adverse Effects of Drought and Pathogens in Rice

Lipoxygenase 3 (LOX3) is a major component of the LOX isozymes in mature rice seeds. To investigate the role of LOX3 gene under stresses, a plant expression vector containing antisense cDNA of LOX3 was constructed. Rice varieties Wuyunjing 7 and Kasalath were transformed by the Agrobacterium-mediated method and transgenic rice plants were generated. PCR and Southern blot results showed that the antisense LOX3 gene was integrated into the rice genome. Analyses of embryo LOX3 deletion and semi-quantitative RT-PCR confirmed the antisense suppression of LOX3 gene in transgenic plants. The T2 antisense plants of LOX3 were sensitive to drought stress, rice blast and bacterial blight compared with non-transgenic plants. These results suggest that the LOX3 gene might function in response to stresses.