‘隆丰黑李’细菌性穿孔病病害调查及杀菌剂对其病原菌毒力测定

以新品种‘隆丰黑李’闽东种植示范基地核心区为调查点,观测该病害在果园的发生区位情况,记录发病症状,分析各栽培管理措施及自然环境变化对病害发生产生的影响,并室内筛选了对该病害病原菌具抑制作用的杀菌剂.结果表明:以叶片病斑数及病斑面积占叶片面积百分比为依据划分的病情指数等级较为合理;该病在黑李园4月中下旬开始发病,平均发病率为26.04％,平均病情指数为9.62,主要危害叶片,亦可危害枝梢和果实;该病的发生与果园方位、果园管理及气侯条件存在一定的相关性,南面果园发病较重.在供测的5种杀菌剂中,6％春雷霉素和72％农用链霉素对该病病原菌的抑制效果最好,EC50分别为1.085 5 mg/mL和1.7799 mg/mL;联合毒力测定结果表明,72％农用链霉素和6％春雷霉素以6∶1和3∶1混配具增效作用,1:1配比具相加作用,1∶3和1∶6配比具拮抗作用.     

EGCG抑制Nicotine诱导肺腺癌H1299细胞JAK2/STAT3 mRNA的表达研究

为探索EGCG对Nicotine诱导肺癌细胞增殖的抑制作用,本研究通过MTT实验筛选出EGCG、Nicotine对肺腺癌细胞H1299的最佳作用浓度,利用实时荧光定量PCR技术检测EGCG、Nicotine对H1299细胞中Bax、Bcl-2、Jak2和Stat3基因mRNA相对表达量的变化。实验结果表明,EGCG对H1299细胞的半抑制浓度IC₅₀值约为32βμmol·L^-1（24βh）、15βμmol·L^-1（48βh）;1βμmol·L^-1的Nicotine对H1299细胞促增殖作用明显;以15βμmol·L^-1的EGCG预处理H1299细胞24βh可显著下调1βμmol·L^-1 Nicotine的促增殖作用（P<0.05）。1βμmol·L^-1的Nicotine处理H1299细胞可明显降低JAK2/STAT3信号通路中Bax基因mRNA的表达,增加Bcl-2、Jak2、Stat3基因的mRNA表达;15βμmol·L^-1 EGCG预处理H1299细胞可反向调控Nicotine诱导所致JAK2/STAT3信号通路中Jak2、Stat3和Bax、Bcl-2基因表达量的变化,结果具有显著性差异（P<0.05）。由此可知,EGCG对Nicotine诱导的肺腺癌H1299细胞增殖及JAK2/STAT3信号通路中促增殖基因mRNA的表达起抑制作用。     

Geodatabase模型的版本控制原理及应用

地理空间数据模型设计是地理信息系统数据库建设的核心问题。本文介绍了GIS发展过程中出现的空间数据模型,以及不同空间数据模型的优缺点。并对Geodatabase版本控制原理进行了分析说明,提出了使用版本控制来管理空间数据库的多用户并发操作、长事务处理,从而保证空间数据库的完整一致性。     

绵羊体外受精的TCM199渐变培养体系的研究

应用TCM199作卵母细胞体外成熟、体外受精及早期胚胎培养的基础培养液,再添加不同组分组成TCM199体外受精渐变培养体系,进行绵羊体外受精的研究.结果表明:TCM199体外受精渐变培养体系(试验组)与目前沿用的常规体外受精体系(对照组)相比较,虽然成熟率差异不显著(81.3%,80.4%),但能显著提高绵羊卵母细胞体外受精后的卵裂率(72.1%,50.8%)和桑囊率(94.8%,24.5%).这说明TCM199体外受精渐变培养体系能有效地克服早期胚胎发育阻断.     

丁酸对亚急性瘤胃酸中毒的影响机制研究进展

亚急性瘤胃酸中毒(SARA)作为反刍动物饲养中因营养代谢紊乱而高发的疾病,严重影响了反刍动物的健康和生产。近年来研究发现,丁酸作为瘤胃中主要的挥发性脂肪酸(VFA),具有调控细胞增殖以及抗炎等作用。本文结合近年研究,从SARA破坏瘤胃屏障功能、诱发炎症反应的机制,重点阐述了丁酸作为信号分子和组蛋白去乙酰化酶抑制剂(HDACIs)识别G蛋白偶联受体(GPRs),促进组蛋白乙酰化、调控下游信号通路改善瘤胃上皮屏障功能和缓解炎症反应的生理过程,为更进一步研究丁酸对反刍动物SARA中的影响提供参考。     

酵母培养物对初产母猪哺乳期血浆生化指标和代谢组的影响

本试验旨在探究饲粮中添加酵母培养物(YC)对初产母猪哺乳期血浆生化指标和代谢组的影响。选取60头健康的初产母猪,随机分为2组,分别为对照组和试验组,每组30个重复,每个重复1头猪。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组在基础饲粮中添加YC(妊娠期添加0.5%,哺乳期添加0.8%)。试验从母猪妊娠第30天开始,至哺乳第28天结束。结果显示：与对照组相比,YC显著降低了初产母猪哺乳期血浆中葡萄糖、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白和尿素氮含量(P<0.05);通过代谢组学技术在初产母猪血浆中共检测出12种差异代谢物(P<0.05),这些代谢物主要参与脂肪酸与氨基酸代谢通路。由此可见,饲粮中添加YC可以参与初产母猪哺乳期氨基酸代谢和脂肪酸代谢的调节,L-亮氨酸、D-脯氨酸、肌酸可能是YC参与调控初产母猪哺乳期代谢的重要生物标志物。     

我国海岛旅游开发模式创新研究 ——以舟山群岛为例

我国海岛资源丰富,旅游开发潜力巨大.舟山群岛作为我国第一大群岛,由于缺乏科学的开发模式和管理机制,舟山群岛一些岛屿的旅游开发效果并不理想,富有吸引力的旅游岛很少.文章采用SWOT分析法,剖析了舟山群岛旅游开发的优劣势和存在的主要问题,论述了要把舟山群岛建成特色鲜明、在海内外具有较强吸引力的国际性亚热带群岛型海洋休闲旅游目的地,就必须在开发理念、开发与管理体制和模式等方面实行创新,在旅游发展空间布局上突出"一体两翼三大中心",在旅游产品开发方面重点塑造"海天佛国渔都港城-中国舟山群岛"整体旅游形象品牌,突出海洋文化和海洋休闲两个主题,精心打造海洋观光、海洋文化、海洋休闲、海鲜美食等九大旅游产品,开发好一片特色无居民海岛.     

Effects of late planting on fiber quality and within-boll yield components as mediated by sucrose metabolism in cotton bolls

ABSTRACT

The objective of this study was to examine the effect of late planting on sucrose metabolism in cotton bolls and the relationship to fiber properties and within-boll yield components. Two cotton lines A201 and A705 were employed in a sowing date experiment where two temperature regimes during boll maturation period were created at mean daily temperature of 26.8°C, 28.3°C for early planting and 25.2°C, 23.1°C for late planting in 2016 and 2017, respectively. Boll size, seed mass per boll, seed index and fiber length were increased, and lint percentage was decreased by late planting. Greater cell wall invertase activity and the resultant hexose concentration in fibers were observed in late planting, and thus led to decreased osmotic potential accounting for the enhanced fiber length. Similarly, late planting increased the maximum of vacuolar invertase activity in ovules occurring at 5 days post anthesis (DPA) and hexose concentrations in embryos from 10 DPA afterwards which may favor embryo cell division, and thus increase final seed size. Our data indicate that acid invertase and hexose are implicated in the formation of within-boll yield components and fiber properties as affected by the lower temperature regime due to late planting.     

Microbiological analysis of cadmium-contaminated sediments during biostabilization with indigenous sulfate-reducing bacteria

Purpose

Sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) have received particular attention in the bioremediation of sediments contaminated with heavy metals. In this study, indigenous SRB were used to stabilize Cd in sediments spiked with different Cd concentrations (≤ 600 mg kg^?1).

Materials and methods

The study investigated the Cd leaching efficiency from sediments after 166 days (d) of biotreatment and assessed the bacterial community and bacteria relationship in sediments during SRB biostabilization.

Results and discussion

The study found that the Cd leaching efficiency of sediments was reduced by 18.1–40.3% (29.4 ± 8.7%) after 166 days of biotreatment. During the biostabilization, the bacterial community in sediments significantly changed, particularly after 61 days of biotreatment. At the family level, the identified dominant bacteria (mean abundance > 3%) included Bacillaceae, norank Nitrospira, Anaerolineaceae, Nitrospinaceae, Streptococcaceae, and Hydrogenophilaceae. The study also speculated the complex relationships between these bacteria. The relative abundance of Desulfobacteraceae and Desulfobulbaceae in sediments was enhanced after biotreatment. Bacillaceae and Streptococcaceae may play a negative role in Cd biostabilization and inhibited SRB biological activity. However, Anaerolineaceae and Hydrogenophilaceae may have commensalism and mutualism relationships, respectively, with typical SRB. The presence of Nitrospinacea and norank Nitrospira may reduce the inhibitive effect of denitrifying bacteria on SRB, thereby exhibiting a positive effect on biologic sulfate reduction and Cd biostabilization.

Conclusions

Indigenous SRB treatment increased Cd stability in sediments and changed bacterial community. During SRB biostabilization, complex relationships between bacteria in sediments were speculated, including competition, syntrophism, and antagonism. These results provide insights for better regulating and controlling SRB biostabilization.

     

Mechanisms behind soil N dynamics following cover restoration in degraded land in subtropical China

Purpose

Nitrogen (N) is an important nutrient for re-vegetation during ecosystem restoration, but the effects of cover restoration on soil N transformations are not fully understood. This study was conducted to investigate N transformations in soils with different cover restoration ages in Eastern China.

Materials and methods

Soil samples were collected from four degraded and subsequently restored lands with restoration ages of 7, 17, 23, and 35 years along with an adjacent control of degraded land. A ¹⁵N tracing technique was used to quantify gross N transformation rates.

Results and discussion

Compared with degraded land, soil organic carbon (SOC) and total N (TN) increased by 1.60–3.97 and 2.49–5.36 times in restoration land. Cover restoration increased ammonium and nitrate immobilization, and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) by 0.56–0.96, 0.34–2.10, and 0.79–3.45 times, respectively, indicating that restoration was beneficial for N retention. There were positive correlations between SOC content and ammonium and nitrate immobilization and DNRA, indicating that the increase in soil N retention capacity may be ascribed to increasing SOC concentrations. The stimulating effect of SOC on ammonium immobilization was greater than its effect on organic N mineralization, so while SOC and TN increased, inorganic N supply did not increase. Autotrophic and heterotrophic nitrification increased with increasing SOC and TN concentrations. Notably, heterotrophic nitrification was an important source of NO₃^??N production, accounting for 47–67% of NO₃^??N production among all restoration ages.

Conclusions

The capacity of N retention was improved by cover restoration, leading to an increase in soil organic carbon and total N over time, but inorganic N supply capacity did not change with cover restoration age.