5种微生物杀虫剂对3种水稻主要害虫的室内毒力比较及致死表型观察

为发展水稻害虫的绿色防控技术,本研究采用浸渍法比较了5种微生物杀虫剂(苏云金芽胞杆菌Bacillus thuringiensis、短稳杆菌Empedobacter brevis、球孢白僵菌Beauveria bassiana、金龟子绿僵菌Metarhizium anisopliae CQMa421和甘蓝夜蛾Mamestra brassicae核型多角体病毒)对3种水稻主要害虫(二化螟Chilo suppressalis、稻纵卷叶螟Cnaphalocrocis medinalis和褐飞虱Nilaparvata lugens)的室内毒力及致死表型。结果表明,在田间推荐中剂量处理条件下,5种药剂对稻纵卷叶螟幼虫均具有较好的速效性,处理后第2天幼虫的校正死亡率(46.7%～86.7%)就显著高于对照组(0%),第5天稻纵卷叶螟幼虫校正死亡率可达到85.7%～100%,均极显著高于二化螟的校正死亡率(4.76%～23.81%),二化螟第6天时的校正死亡率为25.0%～55.0%。对褐飞虱若虫,金龟子绿僵菌CQMa421的速效性和毒力均优于球孢白僵菌,经金龟子绿僵菌CQMa421处理后2 d的存活...     

链格孢菌的产毒培养条件及其毒素的致病范围

从世界性恶性杂草紫茎泽兰自然发生的叶斑病病斑上分离得到6个链格孢菌菌株,对它们的产毒情况进行了研究。筛选出产毒能力强的501菌株,确定了有利于该菌株产毒的温度为25℃、pH值为4．13、培养时间为5－7天、黑暗及静置等培养条件。选择74种植物,以离体叶片针刺法对粗毒素的致病范围进行了测试,表明粗毒素具有一定范围的选择作用特性,从中筛选出草莓、苦苣菜、鸭跖草、火柴头、刺槐、水花生等敏感植物作为毒素的生测材料。     

Periodical characteristics of baseflow in the source region of the Yangtze River

Baseflow,which represents the drainage of groundwater aquifers,is an essential component of runoff in hydrological basins.In the source region of the Yangtze River,the change of baseflow typically reflects the interactions between groundwater system and climatic factors in cold and arid areas.With modified Kalinen separation method,annual baseflow between 1957 and 2009 in this region was estimated and calculated.In comparison with the inner-annual variations of total streamflow,baseflow showed a weaker fluctuation.Before the 1980s,it was in a steady state;and after then,it demonstrated dramatic variations and large amplitudes.Based on the calculation results of baseflow,the real Morlet wavelet method was applied to reveal the periodical characteristics of baseflow as well as the precipitation and air temperature in the study area.It was found that annual baseflow has a 43-year trend as well as a 21-year period and a 7-year period.The 21-year period is most significant,with its wavelet coefficient having the largest fluctuation and amplitude.Summation of wavelet coefficients on these periods exhibits a similar change pattern with respect to that of annual baseflow.The summation curve takes a"W"shape,which means that the baseflow follows a four-stage sequence of descending–ascending–descending–ascending.As analyzed,the relationship among baseflow,precipitation and temperature is implied in the correlation between their normalized wavelet coefficients at different temporal scales.By the significant positive linear correlations both between precipitation and baseflow(correlation coefficient is 0.98)and between temperature and baseflow(correlation coefficient is 0.90)for the 43-year wavelet coefficients,it is suggested that the long-term increasing trends of precipitation and air temperature will lead to an increasing trend of baseflow.For wavelet coefficients of 21-year and 7-year periods,the positive linear correlation between precipitation and baseflow is significant.However,the correlation between air temperature and baseflow is not so evident,especially for the 21-year period.As a conclusion, correlation analysis with normalized wavelet coefficients showed that the change of annual baseflow was contributed mostly by the change of precipitation and secondly by the change of temperature.     

盆栽灵武长枣设施促早栽培的需冷量研究

以盆栽灵武长枣为试验材料,利用保鲜冷库在2℃条件下对盆栽灵武长枣进行冷藏,强制其休眠,将经过20～65 d共10个冷藏时间处理的盆栽灵武长枣移至日光温室升温催芽,通过分析不同冷藏时段下盆栽灵武长枣的萌芽率,确定其需冷量.研究结果显示,在0～7.2℃范围内,随着冷藏时间增加,盆栽灵武长枣的萌芽率也在增加,萌芽率与冷藏时间...     

施用钾肥对西瓜番茄红素的影响研究

比较了0,150,300,450和600 mg/L等5个钾水平下成熟西瓜果实中番茄红素含量的差异研究结果表明,随着施钾水平的提高,番茄红素的含量线性上升,它们分别为2.94,3.65,4.19,4.62和5.31 mg/100 g,且R2=0.993 5.     

重大检疫性害虫玉米根萤叶甲的种特异性SS-COⅠ快速检测技术研究

玉米根萤叶甲在欧洲和美国是一种严重为害玉米的入侵性害虫,传播速度快,侵入我国的可能性极高。本文针对其难以快速准确进行形态鉴别的问题,以玉米根萤叶甲为研究对象,以其他9种/生物型叶甲总科常见害虫为参照,采用基于COⅠ基因的种特异性PCR方法(species-specific COⅠ, SS-COⅠ),研究其快速分子检测鉴定技术。通过提取10种/生物型叶甲DNA和通用型引物扩增测序,获得其基因片段的碱基序列,并比对分析设计1对玉米根萤叶甲特异性引物(DvvZCE1/DvvZCF1),其扩增片段为462 bp。种特异性检验结果显示,该对引物只对玉米根萤叶甲的COⅠ基因具有扩增能力,对其他常见叶甲类害虫,包括玉米双斑长跗萤叶甲、榆黄毛萤叶甲、黄曲条跳甲、油菜蚤跳甲、黄点直缘跳甲、莲草直胸跳甲、枸杞负泥虫以及褐足角胸叶甲的棕黄型和蓝绿型没有扩增能力,该对引物不仅对成虫有很好的扩增效果,对单粒卵、2龄幼虫以及成虫残体(包括触角、头部、胸部、腹部、前足、后足)也具有同样的扩增效果,其最低检出阈值为102.73 pg/μL(相当于1/122 880头雌性成虫)。玉米根萤叶甲特异性SS-COⅠ检测技术在其口岸检疫,以及有效阻截中具有重要意义。     

日本粮食储备制度发展历程、政策框架及启示

日本历来重视粮食安全问题。经过多年改革完善,日本政府建立了一套行之有效的粮食储备制度,并根据时代要求不断优化制度设计与运营模式。日本在储备量确定、竞标收购以及市场投放等方面进行了细化管理,并从完善政府管理体制、强化信息收集整理、稳定粮食供给以及促进价格流通等多方面入手,建立了粮食安全综合对策。中国应该借鉴日本建立严密的调查和信息发布体系、优化政府一体化管理体制、充分发挥民间储备的积极作用、综合运用多种干预措施等有效做法,进一步完善相关政策。     

江汉平原盛夏低温过程对中稻结实的影响

为了解异常温度变化过程对农业生产的危害,采用作物与气象要素平行观测分析法初步分析了近10 a江汉平原盛夏低温过程对处于穗始分化期至灌浆期的中稻结实的影响.结果表明,若期间日平均气温24 h降幅达5℃以上,或多日连续降幅达7℃以上,其空秕率可达15%或以上,而且有降幅越大空秕率越高的趋势.     

旱区地膜与种植密度对棉花冠层光分布及产量的影响

棉花冠层光合有效辐射截获率(PARI)是影响干物质积累和产量形成的重要因素,然而对于不同覆膜方式下种植密度对棉花冠层光分布的影响尚未明确。在旱区一膜三行的机采种植模式下,设2种覆膜方式(有膜和无膜)与5种种植密度(D1:9×10⁴株/hm²,D2:13.5×10⁴株/hm²,D3:18×10⁴株/hm²,D4:22.5×10⁴株/hm²,D5:27×10⁴株/hm²),研究不同覆膜方式下种植密度对棉花冠层PARI的影响。结果表明,在全生育期,有膜处理下棉花冠层光合有效辐射(PAR)的截获能力较强;冠层PARI与种植密度呈显著正相关关系,不同种植密度之间PARI存在差异;叶面积指数(LAI)随生育进程推进呈单峰曲线。有膜处理下,不同种植密度LAI在第94～98天达到峰值;无膜处理下,不同种植密度LAI在第109～113天达到峰值;随着种植密度的增加干物质积累量减少,其生殖...     

棉红铃虫人工饲料饲养技术

设计了4种饲料配方饲养红铃虫.结果表明.以取食A、B配方的红铃虫幼虫成活率最高,分别为65.0%和68.1%;取食A配方的幼虫期最短,为18.57 d,平均蛹重18.7 mg,与红铃虫田间种群及Adkisson饲养的蛹重差别不大,可以满足室内试验需要;经过连续4代饲养后,含麦胚的饲料配方可以使幼虫期稳定在19 d左右、蛹重稳定在18mg以上,是目前能够稳定人工饲养红铃虫的最合适饲料.