花生荚果发育及其调控研究进展

花生是重要的油料与经济作物,在农业种植业结构调整中发挥重要作用。荚果是花生的收获器官,深入 研究花生荚果发育及其调控,可以为高产育种提供理论依据。本文从花生荚果发育过程和内外限制因素的调控作 用,并结合激素、营养元素、遗传学研究以及DNA、RNA等分子调控机制,综述了近年来花生荚果发育相关的研究进 展,为后续研究提供参考。     

Effect of forsythiaside A on immune function in rats with ulcerative colitis

AIM To investigate the effect of forsythiaside A (FA) on immune function in rats with ulcerative colitis and its related mechanism. METHODS Healthy SD rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: control group (no treatment, normal feeding), model group (establishment of rat ulcerative colitis model), and low, medium and high doses of FA groups (treatment of the model rats with FA at 5 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg and 80 mg/kg, respectively). The malondialdehyde (MDA) content and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in rat colon tissues were measured by colorimetry, and the serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-2 (IL-2) and IL-4 were detected by ELISA. The spleen index and thymus index, the percentages of CD3⁺, CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T-lymphocytes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells （PBMC）, the serum IgA and IgG levels, and the serum complement C3 and C4 levels were also determined. RESULTS The colon tissues of the rats in model group showed obvious inflammation and ulceration, indicating that the animal model was successfully established. Compared with model group, the colonic inflammation and ulceration were significantly attenuated in FA groups, among which the high dose had the best effect. Compared with control group, the spleen index and thymus index of the rars in model group were decreased (P<0.05), MDA content in colon tissues was increased (P<0.05), and SOD activity in colon tissues was decreased (P<0.05). The levels of CD3⁺, CD4⁺, CD8⁺ and CD4⁺/CD8⁺ T-lymphocytes in PBMC, and the serum levels of C3, C4 and IL-4 were decreased (P<0.05), while the serum levels of IgA, IgG, TNF-α, and IL-2 were increased in model group as compared with control group. Furthermore, the spleen index and thymus index of the rats in FA groups were increased (P<0.05), the MDA content in the colon tissues was decreased (P<0.05), and the SOD activity in the colon tissues was increased (P<0.05). The levels of CD3⁺, CD4⁺, CD8⁺ and CD4⁺/CD8⁺ T-lymphocytes in PBMC, and the serum levels of C3, C4 and IL-4 were increased (P<0.05), while serum IgA, IgG, TNF-α and IL-2 levels were decreased in FA groups as compared with model group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Forsythiaside A effectively attenuates the colonic lesions in rats with ulcerative colitis, and its mechanism may be related to reinforcement of oxygen free radical scavenging power, alleviation of inflammatory response, and enhancement of immune function.     

鸡Prnp基因原核表达载体的构建及其在大肠埃希菌中的表达

试验旨在构建鸡Prnp基因原核表达载体,并在大肠埃希菌中进行表达,为制备鸡朊蛋白单克隆抗体提供材料。根据GenBank已报道的鸡Prnp基因组序列和pET-28a质粒多克隆位点设计引物,以健康的鸡全血基因组DNA为材料,采用PCR的方法扩增鸡的Prnp基因,将目的基因片段与pET-28a载体连接,构建重组原核表达载体。重组菌转化到E. coli BL21(DE3)感受态细胞中,并用异丙基-β-D-硫代半乳糖苷(isopropyl-β-D-thiogalactoside,IPTG)进行诱导表达,十二烷基磺酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)鉴定表达的重组蛋白。结果表明,重组蛋白在诱导剂的终浓度为0.08 mmol·L^-1,16 ℃,220 r·min^-1诱导7 h,蛋白表达量最高。综上所述,本研究成功构建了pET-28a-ChPrnp重组表达菌株,为Prnp朊蛋白的结构、生理功能和致病机制研究提供方法。     

湖南省农村雷电灾害防治关键技术研究与应用示范

以提高农村雷电灾害防御科技水平为目标,分析了湖南省雷电灾害发生规律,创建了农村雷电灾害防御关键技术指标及综合防御技术方法,研制发布了国家强制性标准,成功开展了雷电灾害综合防御技术应用与示范。取得的创新性成果如下:①确定了农村民居防雷建筑物的雷击次数下限值的国家标准以及相应的设计施工技术要点;②提出了对称不等间距四极法为测量土壤电阻率的首选方法并申请了专利,更能反映自然土壤实际分层情况,更具稳定性,准确性更高;③绘制了长沙市大区域土壤电阻率分布,研发了分析软件,分析得出土壤电阻率值与降水量呈明显正相关;④运用仿真树、应急避难场所、单栋农村民居防雷设施等综合防雷设施建设技术,创建了雷暴路径拦截的区域性防护体系,创立了湖南省农村全方位、立体式区域防雷减灾的新模式。     

玉米根系分泌物对连作花生土壤酚酸类物质化感作用的影响

为探究玉米花生间作系统中玉米根系分泌物对连作花生土壤的酚酸类物质化感作用的影响机制,利用CH2Cl2提取了玉米抽雄期根系分泌物,通过室内模拟培养法,研究了玉米根系分泌物对含有不同浓度肉桂酸、邻苯二甲酸及对羟基苯甲酸3种酚酸类物质土壤的微生态环境的影响。结果表明,酚酸类物质均显著降低了土壤微生物量碳和氮的含量,抑制了土壤微生物活性,土壤酶（脲酶、酸性磷酸酶和蔗糖酶）活性和养分含量（碱解氮、有效磷和有效钾）亦显著降低,且浓度越高化感抑制作用（RI＜0）越强（P＜0.05）。玉米根系分泌物可降低酚酸类物质对土壤微生物活性、微生物量、酶活性及养分含量的化感指数,以低浓度处理的降幅较大,且在处理第5 d和10 d显著增加了3种酚酸类物质处理的土壤呼吸强度、酶活性、微生物量及养分含量（P＜0.05）;不同酚酸类物质中,以邻苯二甲酸所受影响最大。整个培养时期,玉米根系分泌物对酚酸类物质化感作用的影响以处理第5 d最强,随后呈减弱趋势。3次取样,土壤微生物量、微生物活性、酶活性和养分含量的化感指数分别降低10.03%~64.13%、9.72%~57.51%、13.16%~78.85%和5.88%~59.71%。玉米根系分泌物可通过提高土壤微生物量、微生物活性及养分含量,来降低肉桂酸、邻苯二甲酸和对羟基苯甲酸对土壤微生态环境的化感作用。结果为玉米花生间作缓解花生连作障碍技术提供一定的理论依据。     

我国城镇化进程中农业灾害与粮食安全问题

从农业的自然灾害、生态灾害、环境灾害和社会灾害角度探讨我国耕地安全问题,也即粮食安全问题。指出耕地安全以及粮食安全在很大程度上是一个政策制度问题。要解决耕地数量急剧递减及质量恶化问题,首要的是规范政府行为。