Evaluation of Surgical Scrub Methods for Large Animal Surgeons

Objective— The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a 5–minute surgical scrub using either a one-brush or a two-brush technique in clean and dirty surgical procedures, and to compare the efficacy of povidone iodine with chlorhexidine as surgical scrub solutions. Study Design— Prospective clinical trial. Methods— Nine veterinarians scrubbed their hands on eight separate occasions using either povidone iodine or chlorhexidine gluconate. A 5-minute scrub and either a one-brush or two-brush technique used in both clean and dirty operations were evaluated by taking glove juice samples before scrubbing, immediately after scrubbing, and 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes after scrubbing. Glove juice samples were cultured and the colonies were counted. Percent reductions of bacterial forming units were calculated for all eight scrub procedures. Results— All scrub procedures provided an adequate percent reduction in colony forming units (CFU) during the 2–hour sampling period. The number of CFU immediately after scrubbing were significantly lower than prescrub. At 120 minutes, there were significantly fewer CFUs than presecrub, but there were more than immediately after scrubbing. No significant difference in reduction in CFUs were detected between one-brush and two-brush techniques. Both chlorhexidine and povidone iodine scrub solutions adequately reduced bacterial colony counts for 120 minutes after scrubbing regardless of the amount of contamination before skin preparation. Conclusions— Bacterial counts after a hand scrub procedure using a one-brush technique were not significantly different than after a procedure that used a two-brush technique. Povidone iodine and chlorhexidine are equally effectively in decreasing bacterial numbers on the skin, given a variety of contamination levels present before the scrub procedure. Clinical Relevance— Surgeons may use either chlorhexidine or povidone iodine for antiseptic preparation of their hands before surgery. A two-brush technique is not necessary.     

澜沧江自然保护区周边社区林业现状及发展对策

应用农村快速评估方法,对自然保护区内及周边土地利用、社区林业现状、资源传统利用与管理方式、保护区现行管理体系及与周边社区的关系作了全面系统地调查.结果显示:保护区周边群众对森林资源的依赖性高、利用方式多样,但利用率低、资源浪费和消耗严重,周边社区参与保护区管理的能力低,随保护力度加大和经济技术的发展,各民族人民在建房用材上对森林资源的依赖呈现逐步降低的趋势.引入社区林业理论,提出改进保护区管理的方法,提高周边社区参与保护区管理的意识,将保护区管理与乡村群众的经济条件改善结合起来是实现保护区有效管理的途径之一.     

我国独立审计质量的经济学分析

我国独立审计市场存在的种种问题表明 ,我国审计市场环境较差、审计质量较低。其原因在于独立审计市场上存在的审计供给和需求的深层次矛盾。本文从信息经济学角度分析我国独立审计市场上的供需双方的博弈关系后 ,认为只有处理好供需双方的矛盾 ,才能较好地解决问题     

雾灵山亚高山草甸植物群落生活型谱分析

对雾灵山亚高山草甸52种植物生活型谱的分析，得到以下结果：高位芽和地上芽植物各1种，分别占总种数的1.92％；地面芽植物和隐芽植物占绝对多数，分别为31种和16种，占总数的59.62％和30.77％；1a生植物有3种，占5.77％。表明该地区的气候特征为：夏季较短，冬季漫长，气候严寒而潮湿。     

胚胎移植技术在优质细毛羊育种中的研究与应用

采用 FSH、L H、PMSG、氟孕酮阴道海绵栓等激素进行超数排卵 ,通过人工授精、手术采卵、同期发情、胚胎移植、B超妊娠检查等技术 ,共处理优秀美利奴母羊 4 5 6只 ,获得可用胚胎 (A、B、C级胚胎 ) 30 33枚 ,平均 6 .6 5枚 /只(30 33/ 4 5 6 ) ,移植受体母羊 2 333只 ,冻胚受孕率 4 7.0 2 % (10 97/ 2 333) ,产羔数 14 2 6只 ,产羔率 12 9.99% (14 2 6 /10 97)。其中 ,公羔 6 85只 ,母羔 74 1只。优质细毛羊初生重公羔平均 4 .4 5 kg,母羔平均 4 .6 1kg。断奶重公羔平均38.2 4 kg,母羔平均 33.6 8kg。 12月龄平均体重公羊 76 .15 kg,母羊平均 6 2 .15 kg。周岁毛长公羊平均 11.6 7cm,剪毛量平均 12 .0 4 kg;母羊毛长平均 11.12 cm ,剪毛量平均 7.6 5 kg;平均净毛率达到 6 8.5 %。 2岁公羊体重平均 10 6kg,毛长平均 11.5 cm,剪毛量平均 11.85 kg,净毛率 6 9.5 %。2岁母羊体重平均 72 kg,毛长平均 11.0 cm,剪毛量平均8.5 kg,净毛率 6 9.0 6 %。羊毛纤维平均细度 18.71μm。 3岁公羊最大体重 14 8kg,母羊最大体重 10 2 kg。优质细毛羊新类群同期上述各项指标均显著或极显著高于中国美利奴羊     

我国天然植物色素研究与开发初探

就天然植物色素的性质特点，种类及化学结构，提取与纯化，色素资源开发与重点开发对象和存在问题作了简述，为中国天然植物色素研究，开发，利用提供参考。     

泽泻田莲纹夜蛾的诱集试验及田间药效试验初报

开展莲子与泽泻按1∶9比例面积间栽的诱集试验,结果表明:莲子对莲纹夜蛾具有较强的诱集作用,且以太空莲36号品种诱集效果最好,其泽泻田间莲纹夜蛾的种群数量明显轻于对照。田间药效试验结果显示:15%安打SC、10%除尽SC这2种化学农药和2.5%菜喜SC、20%米满SC这2种生物农药对莲纹夜蛾幼虫都具有较高防效;99%绿颖OL作为一种对害虫无抗性风险的农药,是今后莲纹夜蛾综合治理的理想药剂。     

淮河平原绿色通道绿化造林模式

探讨了淮河平原绿色通道建设模式,提出了条、块,乔、灌,针、阔,常绿与落叶,观赏、用材与经济林相结合的最佳规划设计方案。     

外商对华投资的正负效应分析

利用统计学的分析方法,分析了我国利用外资的正、负面效应。     

6种野生草莓基因组大小估算

【目的】估算野生草苺的基因组大小。【方法】以拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)为内标,利用流式细胞仪测定了6个野生草莓种7个待测样品的基因组大小。【结果】6个野生草莓种的基因组大小分别为:黄毛草莓(274±3.80)Mb,五叶草莓(红果类型)(268±3.73)Mb,五叶草莓(白果类型)(258±5.40)Mb,西南草莓(245±3.28)Mb,东北草莓(241±4.28)Mb,森林草莓(231±3.19)Mb,绿色草莓(230±2.83)Mb。【结论】野生草莓基因组大小的测定为草莓属植物基因组文库的建立及其基因组进化等研究提供了基础数据。